0.5.7

示例插件
0.5.6
2026-06-20 23:54:26 +08:00 · 2026-03-10 00:40:26 +08:00 · 2026-03-10 00:04:33 +08:00 · 2026-03-09 22:26:42 +08:00
57 changed files with 1838 additions and 257 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -490,4 +490,5 @@ nul
 /_build_verify_sample_plugin_capabilities
 /_build_verify_plugin_page_host
 /_build_verify_plugin_services
+/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/_build_verify_*/
 /_build_obj
--- a/LanAirApp/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# LanAirApp
+
+`LanAirApp` 是阑山桌面插件生态的对外发布工作区。
+
+这里集中放置：
+- 插件开发标准
+- 插件打包与构建工具
+- 插件开发与打包文档
+- 示例插件
+
+目录结构：
+- `docs/`：插件开发文档、打包文档
+- `releases/`：已经打包完成、可直接分享与安装的 `.laapp` 插件包
+- `samples/`：示例插件，其中 `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin` 是示例开发插件
+- `standards/`：插件标准文件与模板
+- `tools/`：插件打包与构建工具
+
+面向用户的安装流程：
+1. 将插件构建或打包为 `.laapp` 文件。
+2. 打开 `设置 -> 插件`。
+3. 点击 `打开 .laapp 插件包`。
+4. 选择插件包完成安装。
+
+宿主侧的插件加载、安装、发现、解析与设置页接入逻辑，保留在 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
+
+`LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 仅作为插件开发 SDK 使用，提供 `IPlugin`、`IPluginContext`、清单模型与扩展注册接口。
--- a/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# 插件开发文档
+
+LanMountainDesktop 插件基于 `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 开发。
+
+`LanAirApp/` 负责对外发布插件开发标准、示例插件和打包工具；宿主应用内部的插件加载与解析逻辑位于 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
+`LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 只提供插件作者需要依赖的开发契约，不再承载宿主侧运行时加载实现。
+
+## 必需文件
+- `plugin.json`
+- `plugin.json` 中声明的入口程序集
+- 使用插件入口特性标记的入口类型
+
+## 推荐开发流程
+1. 以 `LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin` 为起点。
+2. 修改 `plugin.json`，填写你自己的插件 `id`、名称、作者、版本和入口程序集。
+3. 实现 `IPlugin` 或继承 `PluginBase`。
+4. 通过 `IPluginContext` 注册服务、设置页和桌面组件。
+5. 将输出内容打包为 `.laapp` 文件。
+
+## 运行时能力
+- 插件可以注册自己的设置页。
+- 插件可以注册自己的桌面组件。
+- 插件可以注册自己的服务，并通过插件消息总线进行通信。
+- 宿主优先加载 `.laapp` 包，其次才是散装清单。
+
+## 多语言建议
+- 插件应当内置 `Localization/zh-CN.json` 与 `Localization/en-US.json`。
+- 插件界面文案、组件文案、状态文案建议统一通过插件本地化层读取。
+- 建议优先读取宿主传入的语言代码，再回退到插件默认语言。
+
+## 目录建议
+一个标准插件项目建议至少包含：
+- `plugin.json`
+- `Localization/zh-CN.json`
+- `Localization/en-US.json`
+- 插件程序集与依赖文件
+
+## 示例项目与工具
+- 示例插件：`LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`
+- 打包工具：`LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager`
+- 标准模板：`LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json`
--- a/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_PACKAGING.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_PACKAGING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# 插件打包文档
+
+LanMountainDesktop 插件的安装包格式固定为 `.laapp`。
+
+`LanAirApp/` 负责提供打包标准与打包工具；`.laapp` 的安装、发现和运行时加载由 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/` 负责。
+
+## `.laapp` 格式说明
+- 本质上是一个标准 zip 压缩包
+- 包根目录必须包含 `plugin.json`
+- 包根目录还必须包含入口程序集及其依赖
+
+## 建议打包内容
+- `plugin.json`
+- `YourPlugin.dll`
+- 依赖程序集
+- `Localization/zh-CN.json`
+- `Localization/en-US.json`
+- 插件运行所需的其他资源文件
+
+## 使用打包工具
+```powershell
+dotnet run --project .\LanAirApp\tools\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager -- --input .\path\to\plugin-output --output .\artifacts\YourPlugin.laapp --overwrite
+```
+
+## 应用内安装流程
+1. 打开 `设置 -> 插件`
+2. 点击 `打开 .laapp 插件包`
+3. 选择要安装的插件包
+4. 如果插件注册了设置页或组件，安装后重启应用
+
+## 注意事项
+- `plugin.json` 中的 `entranceAssembly` 必须能在包内找到。
+- 包内应尽量避免无关开发产物。
+- `.laapp` 是标准安装格式，建议不要对外分发散装目录。
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj
@@ -9,14 +9,15 @@
    <OutputPath>bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\content\</OutputPath>
    <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
    <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>
-    <PluginPackageOutputDirectory>..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\</PluginPackageOutputDirectory>
+    <PluginPackageOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\</PluginPackageOutputDirectory>
    <PluginPackagePath>$(PluginPackageOutputDirectory)$(AssemblyName).laapp</PluginPackagePath>
-    <LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\SamplePlugin\</LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>
+    <LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\SamplePlugin\</LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" Private="false" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" Private="false" />
    <None Include="plugin.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+    <None Include="Localization\*.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <Target Name="CreateLaappPackage" AfterTargets="Build">
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/en-US.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/en-US.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "Plugin Status",
+  "plugin.name": "LanMountain Sample Plugin",
+  "plugin.description": "Example plugin used to validate PluginSdk loading, services, communication, and localization.",
+  "widget.display_name": "Sample Plugin Status Clock",
+  "widget.category": "Plugins",
+  "settings.header.title": "Sample Plugin Capability Inspector",
+  "settings.section.info": "Plugin Info",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "Accessible Capabilities",
+  "settings.section.status": "Live Runtime Status",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "Plugin Name",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "Plugin Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "Version",
+  "settings.info.author": "Author",
+  "settings.info.description": "Description",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "Plugin Directory",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "Data Directory",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "Host Application",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "Host Version",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API Version",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "State Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "Clock Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "Message Bus Resolved",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "Component Placed",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "Placed Count",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "Preview Count",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "Placement Ids",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "Last Component Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "Last Cell Size",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "Clock Service Time",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "Updated: {0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "Frontend Status",
+  "status.component.title": "Component Status",
+  "status.backend.title": "Backend Status",
+  "status.service.title": "Clock Service",
+  "status.summary.pending": "Pending",
+  "status.summary.attached": "Attached",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "Healthy",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "Faulted",
+  "status.summary.placed": "Placed",
+  "status.summary.preview": "Preview",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "Waiting for a plugin UI surface to connect.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "Settings page is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "Widget surface is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "No component instance has been created yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "No component instance is active.",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "Preview instances: {0}; no placed desktop instance is active yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "Placed count: {0}; preview count: {1}; placements: {2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "Plugin initialization is in progress.",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "Initialization log written to: {0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "Initialization log write failed: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "Clock service is not attached yet.",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "Clock service was attached and is waiting for the first tick.",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "Clock service is running. Current service time: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "Clock state write failed: {0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "Readable. Current plugin id: {0}; version: {1}.",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "Readable. Plugin directory: {0}; data directory: {1}.",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "Readable. Host properties currently exposed: {0}.",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "Callable. State service resolved: {0}; clock service resolved: {1}; message bus resolved: {2}.",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "Callable during plugin initialization. This sample plugin registers SamplePluginRuntimeStateService and SamplePluginClockService into the plugin service container.",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "Plugin Communication Bus",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "This sample plugin uses IPluginMessageBus to push clock ticks and state change notifications into plugin UI surfaces.",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "Widgets can read ComponentId, PlacementId, CellSize, and call GetService<T>() against the same plugin service container.",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "Preview surface | placed: {0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "Placement {0} | placed: {1}",
+  "common.dev": "dev",
+  "common.none": "(none)",
+  "common.unknown": "(unknown)",
+  "common.true": "true",
+  "common.false": "false",
+  "common.yes": "Yes",
+  "common.no": "No"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/zh-CN.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/zh-CN.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "插件状态",
+  "plugin.name": "阑山示例插件",
+  "plugin.description": "用于验证 PluginSdk 加载、服务、通信与本地化能力的示例插件。",
+  "widget.display_name": "示例插件状态时钟",
+  "widget.category": "插件",
+  "settings.header.title": "示例插件能力检查器",
+  "settings.section.info": "插件信息",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "可访问能力",
+  "settings.section.status": "实时运行状态",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "插件名称",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "插件 Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "版本",
+  "settings.info.author": "作者",
+  "settings.info.description": "描述",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "插件目录",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "数据目录",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "宿主应用",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "宿主版本",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API 版本",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "状态服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "时钟服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "消息总线已解析",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "组件是否已放置",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "已放置数量",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "预览数量",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "放置位置 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "最近组件 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "最近单元尺寸",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "时钟服务时间",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "更新时间：{0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "前端状态",
+  "status.component.title": "组件状态",
+  "status.backend.title": "后端状态",
+  "status.service.title": "时钟服务",
+  "status.summary.pending": "等待中",
+  "status.summary.attached": "已挂接",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "正常",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "异常",
+  "status.summary.placed": "已放置",
+  "status.summary.preview": "预览中",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "等待插件界面接入。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "当前还没有创建组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "当前没有活动中的组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "插件初始化进行中。",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "时钟服务尚未挂接。",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "插件通信总线",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}",
+  "common.dev": "开发版",
+  "common.none": "（无）",
+  "common.unknown": "（未知）",
+  "common.true": "是",
+  "common.false": "否",
+  "common.yes": "是",
+  "common.no": "否"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin
+
+这是阑山桌面的**示例开发插件**。
+
+它用于演示以下能力：
+- 插件入口与 `plugin.json` 清单
+- 插件服务注册
+- 插件设置页注册
+- 插件桌面组件注册
+- 插件内通信与状态更新
+- `.laapp` 打包与安装流程
+- 插件多语言资源组织方式
+
+如果你要开发自己的插件，建议以这个目录为模板开始。
+
+这个目录仅用于示例开发与打包发布，不承载宿主应用内部的插件加载逻辑。
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs
@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable
    public override void Initialize(IPluginContext context)
    {
        Directory.CreateDirectory(context.DataDirectory);
+        var localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);

-        var hostName = GetHostProperty(context, "HostApplicationName", "UnknownHost");
-        var hostVersion = GetHostProperty(context, "HostVersion", "UnknownVersion");
-        var sdkApiVersion = GetHostProperty(context, "PluginSdkApiVersion", "UnknownApiVersion");
+        var hostName = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostApplicationName, "UnknownHost");
+        var hostVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostVersion, "UnknownVersion");
+        var sdkApiVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.PluginSdkApiVersion, "UnknownApiVersion");
        var messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Plugin message bus is not available.");

@@ -25,10 +26,11 @@ public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable
            hostName,
            hostVersion,
            sdkApiVersion,
-            messageBus);
+            messageBus,
+            localizer);
        context.RegisterService(_stateService);

-        _clockService = new SamplePluginClockService(context.DataDirectory, _stateService, messageBus);
+        _clockService = new SamplePluginClockService(context.DataDirectory, _stateService, messageBus, localizer);
        context.RegisterService(_clockService);
        _stateService.AttachClockService(_clockService);

@@ -39,11 +41,17 @@ public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable
        try
        {
            File.AppendAllText(logPath, initMessage + Environment.NewLine);
-            _stateService.MarkBackendReady($"Initialization log written to {logPath}.");
+            _stateService.MarkBackendReady(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_written",
+                "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+                logPath));
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
-            _stateService.MarkBackendFaulted($"Initialization log write failed: {ex.Message}");
+            _stateService.MarkBackendFaulted(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed",
+                "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
            throw;
        }

@@ -51,15 +59,15 @@ public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable

        context.RegisterSettingsPage(new PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
            "status",
-            "Plugin Status",
+            localizer.GetString("settings.page_title", "插件状态"),
            () => new SamplePluginSettingsView(context)));

        context.RegisterDesktopComponent(new PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
            "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.StatusClock",
-            "Sample Plugin Status Clock",
+            localizer.GetString("widget.display_name", "示例插件状态时钟"),
            widgetContext => new SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(widgetContext),
            iconKey: "PuzzlePiece",
-            category: "Plugins",
+            category: localizer.GetString("widget.category", "插件"),
            minWidthCells: 4,
            minHeightCells: 4,
            allowDesktopPlacement: true,
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
    private readonly string _hostApplicationName;
    private readonly string _hostVersion;
    private readonly string _sdkApiVersion;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;

    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _frontend;
    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _component;
@@ -82,7 +83,8 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        string hostApplicationName,
        string hostVersion,
        string sdkApiVersion,
-        IPluginMessageBus messageBus)
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
    {
        _manifest = manifest;
        _pluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
@@ -91,34 +93,35 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        _hostVersion = hostVersion;
        _sdkApiVersion = sdkApiVersion;
        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;

        _frontend = CreateEntry(
            "frontend",
-            "Frontend",
+            T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-            "Pending",
-            "Waiting for a plugin UI surface to connect.");
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.frontend.detail.pending", "等待插件界面接入。"));

        _component = CreateEntry(
            "component",
-            "Component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-            "Pending",
-            "No component instance has been created yet.");
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.pending", "当前还没有创建组件实例。"));

        _backend = CreateEntry(
            "backend",
-            "Backend",
+            T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-            "Pending",
-            "Plugin initialization is in progress.");
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.backend.detail.pending", "插件初始化进行中。"));

        _service = CreateEntry(
            "service",
-            "Clock Service",
+            T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-            "Pending",
-            "Clock service is not attached yet.");
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.service.detail.pending", "时钟服务尚未挂接。"));
    }

    public void AttachClockService(SamplePluginClockService clockService)
@@ -130,10 +133,10 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
            _serviceClockTime = clockService.CurrentTime;
            _service = CreateEntry(
                "service",
-                "Clock Service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
                SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-                "Attached",
-                "Clock service was attached and is waiting for the first tick.");
+                T("status.summary.attached", "已挂接"),
+                T("status.service.detail.attached", "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。"));
        }

        PublishStateChanged("Clock service attached");
@@ -145,9 +148,9 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        {
            _frontend = CreateEntry(
                "frontend",
-                "Frontend",
+                T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Healthy",
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
                detail);
        }

@@ -160,9 +163,9 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        {
            _backend = CreateEntry(
                "backend",
-                "Backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Healthy",
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
                detail);
        }

@@ -175,9 +178,9 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        {
            _backend = CreateEntry(
                "backend",
-                "Backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
-                "Faulted",
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
                detail);
        }

@@ -191,10 +194,13 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
            _serviceClockTime = currentTime;
            _service = CreateEntry(
                "service",
-                "Clock Service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Healthy",
-                $"Clock service is running. Current service time: {currentTime.LocalDateTime:HH:mm:ss}");
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.service.detail.running",
+                    "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+                    currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
        }

        PublishStateChanged("Clock service tick");
@@ -206,9 +212,9 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        {
            _service = CreateEntry(
                "service",
-                "Clock Service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
-                "Faulted",
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
                detail);
        }

@@ -291,32 +297,54 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);

        var propertyNames = context.Properties.Count == 0
-            ? "(none)"
+            ? T("common.none", "（无）")
            : string.Join(", ", context.Properties.Keys.OrderBy(key => key, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));

        return
        [
            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
-                "IPluginContext.Manifest",
-                $"Readable. Current plugin id: {context.Manifest.Id}; version: {context.Manifest.Version ?? "dev"}."),
+                T("capability.manifest.title", "IPluginContext.Manifest"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.manifest.detail",
+                    "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+                    context.Manifest.Id,
+                    context.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版"))),
            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
-                "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
-                $"Readable. Plugin directory: {context.PluginDirectory}; data directory: {context.DataDirectory}."),
+                T("capability.directories.title", "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.directories.detail",
+                    "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+                    context.PluginDirectory,
+                    context.DataDirectory)),
            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
-                "IPluginContext.Properties",
-                $"Readable. Host properties currently exposed: {propertyNames}."),
+                T("capability.properties.title", "IPluginContext.Properties"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.properties.detail",
+                    "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+                    propertyNames)),
            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
-                "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
-                $"Callable. State service resolved: {hasStateService}; clock service resolved: {hasClockService}; message bus resolved: {hasMessageBus}."),
+                T("capability.get_service.title", "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.get_service.detail",
+                    "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+                    FormatBoolean(hasStateService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasClockService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasMessageBus))),
            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
-                "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
-                "Callable during plugin initialization. This plugin registers SamplePluginRuntimeStateService and SamplePluginClockService into the plugin service container."),
+                T("capability.register_service.title", "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.register_service.detail",
+                    "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。")),
            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
-                "Plugin communication bus",
-                "This plugin uses IPluginMessageBus to push clock ticks and state change notifications into plugin UI surfaces."),
+                T("capability.message_bus.title", "插件通信总线"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.message_bus.detail",
+                    "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。")),
            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
-                "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
-                "Widgets can read ComponentId, PlacementId, CellSize, and call GetService<T>() against the same plugin service container.")
+                T("capability.widget_context.title", "PluginDesktopComponentContext"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.widget_context.detail",
+                    "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。"))
        ];
    }

@@ -335,10 +363,15 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        {
            _component = CreateEntry(
                "component",
-                "Component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Placed",
-                $"Placed count: {placementIds.Length}; preview count: {previewCount}; placements: {string.Join(", ", placementIds)}");
+                T("status.summary.placed", "已放置"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.placed",
+                    "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+                    placementIds.Length,
+                    previewCount,
+                    string.Join(", ", placementIds)));
            return;
        }

@@ -346,19 +379,22 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
        {
            _component = CreateEntry(
                "component",
-                "Component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Preview",
-                $"Preview instances: {previewCount}; no placed desktop instance is active yet.");
+                T("status.summary.preview", "预览中"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.preview",
+                    "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+                    previewCount));
            return;
        }

        _component = CreateEntry(
            "component",
-            "Component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-            "Pending",
-            "No component instance is active.");
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.none", "当前没有活动中的组件实例。"));
    }

    private void PublishStateChanged(string reason)
@@ -381,6 +417,23 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
            detail,
            DateTimeOffset.Now);
    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
 }

 internal sealed class SamplePluginClockService : IDisposable
@@ -389,6 +442,7 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginClockService : IDisposable
    private readonly string _clockStateFilePath;
    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
    private readonly Timer _timer;
    private DateTimeOffset _currentTime = DateTimeOffset.Now;
    private int _disposed;
@@ -396,11 +450,13 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginClockService : IDisposable
    public SamplePluginClockService(
        string dataDirectory,
        SamplePluginRuntimeStateService stateService,
-        IPluginMessageBus messageBus)
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
    {
        _clockStateFilePath = Path.Combine(dataDirectory, "clock-service.txt");
        _stateService = stateService;
        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
        _timer = new Timer(OnTimerTick);
    }

@@ -459,7 +515,10 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginClockService : IDisposable
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
-            _stateService.MarkClockServiceFaulted($"Clock state write failed: {ex.Message}");
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceFaulted(_localizer.Format(
+                "status.service.detail.write_failed",
+                "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
        }
    }
 }
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
 internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
 {
    private readonly IPluginContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
    public SamplePluginSettingsView(IPluginContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
@@ -28,7 +30,9 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");

-        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady("Settings page is connected to plugin services and communication.");
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected",
+            "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。"));

        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
@@ -56,14 +60,14 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
                {
                    new TextBlock
                    {
-                        Text = "Sample Plugin Capability Inspector",
+                        Text = T("settings.header.title", "示例插件能力检查器"),
                        FontSize = 22,
                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
                        Foreground = Brushes.White
                    },
-                    CreateSection("Plugin Info", _pluginInfoPanel),
-                    CreateSection("Accessible Capabilities", _capabilityPanel),
-                    CreateSection("Live Runtime Status", _statusPanel)
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.info", "插件信息"), _pluginInfoPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.capabilities", "可访问能力"), _capabilityPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.status", "实时运行状态"), _statusPanel)
                }
            }
        };
@@ -112,31 +116,45 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
    private void RefreshPluginInfo(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Clear();
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Plugin Name", snapshot.Manifest.Name));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Plugin Id", snapshot.Manifest.Id));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Version", snapshot.Manifest.Version ?? "dev"));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Author", snapshot.Manifest.Author ?? "(none)"));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Description", snapshot.Manifest.Description ?? "(none)"));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Plugin Directory", snapshot.PluginDirectory));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Data Directory", snapshot.DataDirectory));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Host Application", snapshot.HostApplicationName));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Host Version", snapshot.HostVersion));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("SDK API Version", snapshot.SdkApiVersion));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("State Service Resolved", (_context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null).ToString()));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Clock Service Resolved", (_context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null).ToString()));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Message Bus Resolved", (_context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null).ToString()));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Component Placed", snapshot.HasPlacedComponent ? "Yes" : "No"));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Placed Count", snapshot.PlacedCount.ToString()));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Preview Count", snapshot.PreviewCount.ToString()));
        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
-            "Placement Ids",
-            snapshot.PlacementIds.Count == 0 ? "(none)" : string.Join(", ", snapshot.PlacementIds)));
-        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine("Last Component Id", snapshot.LastComponentId ?? "(none)"));
+            T("settings.info.plugin_name", "插件名称"),
+            T("plugin.name", snapshot.Manifest.Name)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_id", "插件 Id"), snapshot.Manifest.Id));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.version", "版本"), snapshot.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.author", "作者"), snapshot.Manifest.Author ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
-            "Last Cell Size",
-            snapshot.LastCellSize > 0 ? $"{snapshot.LastCellSize:F0}px" : "(unknown)"));
+            T("settings.info.description", "描述"),
+            T("plugin.description", snapshot.Manifest.Description ?? T("common.none", "（无）"))));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_directory", "插件目录"), snapshot.PluginDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.data_directory", "数据目录"), snapshot.DataDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_application", "宿主应用"), snapshot.HostApplicationName));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_version", "宿主版本"), snapshot.HostVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.sdk_api_version", "SDK API 版本"), snapshot.SdkApiVersion));
        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
-            "Clock Service Time",
+            T("settings.info.state_service_resolved", "状态服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_resolved", "时钟服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.message_bus_resolved", "消息总线已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.component_placed", "组件是否已放置"),
+            snapshot.HasPlacedComponent ? T("common.yes", "是") : T("common.no", "否")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.placed_count", "已放置数量"), snapshot.PlacedCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.preview_count", "预览数量"), snapshot.PreviewCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.placement_ids", "放置位置 Id"),
+            snapshot.PlacementIds.Count == 0 ? T("common.none", "（无）") : string.Join(", ", snapshot.PlacementIds)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_component_id", "最近组件 Id"),
+            snapshot.LastComponentId ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_cell_size", "最近单元尺寸"),
+            snapshot.LastCellSize > 0 ? $"{snapshot.LastCellSize:F0}px" : T("common.unknown", "（未知）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_time", "时钟服务时间"),
            _clockService.CurrentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
    }

@@ -183,7 +201,7 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
                        },
                        new TextBlock
                        {
-                            Text = $"Updated: {entry.UpdatedAt.LocalDateTime:HH:mm:ss}",
+                            Text = Tf("settings.status.updated_at", "更新时间：{0}", entry.UpdatedAt.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")),
                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF93C5FD"))
                        }
                    }
@@ -336,4 +354,21 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
                Color.Parse("#FBBF24"))
        };
    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
 }
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginStatusClockWidget.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginStatusClockWidget.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
 internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
 {
    private readonly PluginDesktopComponentContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
    public SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
@@ -111,7 +113,9 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
                _context.CellSize);
        }

-        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady("Widget surface is connected to plugin services and communication.");
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected",
+            "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。"));
        SubscribeToPluginBus();

        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
@@ -170,8 +174,8 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
    {
        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
        _subtitleTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_context.PlacementId)
-            ? $"Preview surface | placed: {snapshot.PlacedCount}"
-            : $"Placement {_context.PlacementId} | placed: {snapshot.PlacedCount}";
+            ? Tf("widget.subtitle.preview", "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}", snapshot.PlacedCount)
+            : Tf("widget.subtitle.placement", "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}", _context.PlacementId!, snapshot.PlacedCount);
    }

    private void RefreshStatusPanel()
@@ -281,4 +285,14 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
                Color.Parse("#FDBA74"))
        };
    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
 }
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/plugin.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/plugin.json
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 示例插件
+
+本目录用于存放阑山桌面的示例开发插件。
+
+当前示例：
+- `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`
+
+说明：
+- 这个插件是**示例开发插件**，用于演示插件项目结构、服务注册、设置页注册、桌面组件注册、`.laapp` 打包与安装流程。
+- 开发新插件时，建议直接从这个示例插件复制一份再修改。
+- 示例插件属于 `LanAirApp/` 对外开发工作区；宿主应用里的插件运行时与解析实现位于 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
--- a/LanAirApp/standards/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/standards/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 插件标准文件
+
+这里存放 LanMountainDesktop 插件开发所使用的标准模板与约定文件。
+
+当前标准：
+- 安装包扩展名：`.laapp`
+- 插件清单文件名：`plugin.json`
+- 多语言资源目录：`Localization/`
+- 建议内置语言文件：`zh-CN.json`、`en-US.json`
+
+创建新插件时，建议优先参考本目录中的模板文件。
--- a/LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "id": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin",
+  "name": "Your Plugin",
+  "description": "Describe what your plugin adds to LanMountainDesktop.",
+  "author": "Your Name",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "apiVersion": "1.0.0",
+  "entranceAssembly": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin.dll"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj
+++ b/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
--- a/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/Program.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+return await RunAsync(args);
+
+static async Task<int> RunAsync(string[] args)
+{
+    if (args.Length == 0 || args.Any(arg => string.Equals(arg, "--help", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+    {
+        PrintUsage();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    string? inputDirectory = null;
+    string? outputPath = null;
+    var overwrite = false;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+    {
+        switch (args[i])
+        {
+            case "--input":
+                inputDirectory = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--input");
+                break;
+            case "--output":
+                outputPath = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--output");
+                break;
+            case "--overwrite":
+                overwrite = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown argument '{args[i]}'.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(inputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing required argument '--input'.");
+    }
+
+    var fullInputDirectory = Path.GetFullPath(inputDirectory);
+    if (!Directory.Exists(fullInputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new DirectoryNotFoundException($"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' was not found.");
+    }
+
+    var manifestPath = Path.Combine(fullInputDirectory, PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName);
+    if (!File.Exists(manifestPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' does not contain '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}'.",
+            manifestPath);
+    }
+
+    var manifest = PluginManifest.Load(manifestPath);
+    var entranceAssemblyPath = manifest.ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(manifestPath);
+    if (!File.Exists(entranceAssemblyPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"The entrance assembly declared by '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}' was not found.",
+            entranceAssemblyPath);
+    }
+
+    outputPath ??= Path.Combine(
+        Path.GetDirectoryName(fullInputDirectory) ?? fullInputDirectory,
+        BuildPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+
+    var fullOutputPath = Path.GetFullPath(outputPath);
+    var inputDirectoryWithSeparator = EnsureTrailingSeparator(fullInputDirectory);
+    if (fullOutputPath.StartsWith(inputDirectoryWithSeparator, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("The output .laapp path cannot be placed inside the source directory.");
+    }
+
+    var destinationDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullOutputPath);
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(destinationDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to determine the output directory for the .laapp package.");
+    }
+
+    Directory.CreateDirectory(destinationDirectory);
+    if (File.Exists(fullOutputPath))
+    {
+        if (!overwrite)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"The output package '{fullOutputPath}' already exists. Pass '--overwrite' to replace it.");
+        }
+
+        File.Delete(fullOutputPath);
+    }
+
+    await Task.Run(() => ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(
+        fullInputDirectory,
+        fullOutputPath,
+        CompressionLevel.Optimal,
+        includeBaseDirectory: false));
+
+    Console.WriteLine($"Packaged '{manifest.Name}' to '{fullOutputPath}'.");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static string ReadValue(IReadOnlyList<string> args, ref int index, string optionName)
+{
+    var nextIndex = index + 1;
+    if (nextIndex >= args.Count)
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing value for '{optionName}'.");
+    }
+
+    index = nextIndex;
+    return args[nextIndex];
+}
+
+static string BuildPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+{
+    var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+    var safeName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+    return safeName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+}
+
+static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
+{
+    return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
+        ? path
+        : path + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+}
+
+static void PrintUsage()
+{
+    Console.WriteLine("LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager");
+    Console.WriteLine("Usage:");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --input <plugin build directory>   Required");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --output <path to .laapp>          Optional");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --overwrite                        Optional");
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Remove="_build_verify_*\**\*.cs" />
    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.12" />
  </ItemGroup>

--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginHostPropertyKeys.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginHostPropertyKeys.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginHostPropertyKeys
+{
+    public const string HostApplicationName = "HostApplicationName";
+    public const string HostVersion = "HostVersion";
+    public const string PluginSdkApiVersion = "PluginSdkApiVersion";
+    public const string HostLanguageCode = "HostLanguageCode";
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLocalizer.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLocalizer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginLocalizer
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new()
+    {
+        ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Skip,
+        AllowTrailingCommas = true
+    };
+
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> _cache =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public PluginLocalizer(string pluginDirectory, string? languageCode)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginDirectory);
+
+        PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        LanguageCode = NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode);
+    }
+
+    public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    public string LanguageCode { get; }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public string GetString(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+        var primaryTable = LoadLanguageTable(LanguageCode);
+        if (primaryTable.TryGetValue(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(LanguageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var fallbackTable = LoadLanguageTable("en-US");
+            if (fallbackTable.TryGetValue(key, out value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+            {
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return fallback;
+    }
+
+    public string Format(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, GetString(key, fallback), args);
+    }
+
+    public static string NormalizeLanguageCode(string? languageCode)
+    {
+        return string.Equals(languageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? "en-US"
+            : "zh-CN";
+    }
+
+    public static string ResolveLanguageCode(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(properties);
+
+        return properties.TryGetValue(PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostLanguageCode, out var rawValue) &&
+               rawValue is string languageCode
+            ? NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode)
+            : NormalizeLanguageCode(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.Name);
+    }
+
+    private Dictionary<string, string> LoadLanguageTable(string languageCode)
+    {
+        if (_cache.TryGetValue(languageCode, out var table))
+        {
+            return table;
+        }
+
+        var result = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        try
+        {
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(PluginDirectory, "Localization", $"{languageCode}.json");
+            if (File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                var json = File.ReadAllText(filePath).TrimStart('\uFEFF');
+                var data = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(json, JsonOptions);
+                if (data is not null)
+                {
+                    result = new Dictionary<string, string>(data, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Keep empty localization table for plugin resilience.
+        }
+
+        _cache[languageCode] = result;
+        return result;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.sln
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.sln
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ VisualStudioVersion = 17.0.31903.59
 MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop", "LanMountainDesktop\LanMountainDesktop.csproj", "{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}"
 EndProject
-Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin", "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj", "{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}"
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin", "LanAirApp\samples\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj", "{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager", "LanAirApp\tools\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj", "{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}"
 EndProject
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk", "LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj", "{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}"
 EndProject
@@ -23,6 +25,10 @@ Global
 		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
 		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs
@@ -96,15 +96,7 @@ public partial class App : Application

    private void OnTrayRestartClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
    {
-        if (ApplicationLifetime is not IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (AppRestartService.TryRestartCurrentProcess())
-        {
-            desktop.Shutdown();
-        }
+        AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication();
    }

    private void DisableAvaloniaDataAnnotationValidation()
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/en-US.json
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/en-US.json
@@ -249,6 +249,13 @@
    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "Current backend: {0}",
    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "Runtime implementation: {0}",
    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "Runtime implementation details are unavailable.",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "Restart now",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "Cancel",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "Restart app",
    "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop Settings",
    "filepicker.title":  "Select wallpaper",
    "filepicker.image_files":  "Image files",
@@ -300,6 +307,15 @@
    "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "Plugin '{0}' was {1} for the next launch. Restart the app to apply page and widget changes.",
    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "enabled",
    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "Open .laapp package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "Open a .laapp package to install it into: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "Select plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "Storage provider is unavailable.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "Failed to copy the selected .laapp package.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "Installed plugin '{0}'. Restart the app to apply newly added settings pages and widgets.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "Failed to install plugin package: {0}",
    "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp package",
    "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "Loose manifest",
    "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/zh-CN.json
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/zh-CN.json
@@ -249,6 +249,13 @@
    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "当前后端：{0}",
    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "运行时实现：{0}",
    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "当前无法获取运行时实现信息。",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "需要重启应用，才能将渲染模式从“{0}”切换到“{1}”。是否现在重启？",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "立即重启",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "取消",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "部分更改需要在重启应用后才会生效。",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "重启应用",
    "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop 设置",
    "filepicker.title":  "选择壁纸",
    "filepicker.image_files":  "图片文件",
@@ -300,6 +307,15 @@
    "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "插件“{0}”已在下次启动时设为{1}。重启应用后，设置页和组件变更才会生效。",
    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "启用",
    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "打开 .laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用，暂时无法安装 .laapp 插件包。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "打开一个 .laapp 插件包，安装到：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "选择插件安装包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "文件存储提供程序不可用。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "复制所选 .laapp 插件包失败。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "插件“{0}”安装完成。重启应用后，新增的设置页和组件才会生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "安装插件包失败：{0}",
    "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp 包",
    "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "散装清单",
    "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRestartService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRestartService.cs
@@ -3,11 +3,28 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 public static class AppRestartService
 {
+    public static bool TryRestartApplication()
+    {
+        if (!TryRestartCurrentProcess())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Application.Current?.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+        {
+            desktop.Shutdown();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
    public static bool TryRestartCurrentProcess()
    {
        try
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PendingRestartStateService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PendingRestartStateService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class PendingRestartStateService
+{
+    public const string RenderModeReason = "RenderMode";
+    public const string PluginCatalogReason = "PluginCatalog";
+
+    private static readonly object Gate = new();
+    private static readonly HashSet<string> PendingReasons = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public static event Action? StateChanged;
+
+    public static bool HasPendingRestart
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                return PendingReasons.Count > 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static bool HasPendingReason(string reason)
+    {
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            return PendingReasons.Contains(reason);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void SetPending(string reason, bool pending)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(reason))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var changed = false;
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            changed = pending
+                ? PendingReasons.Add(reason)
+                : PendingReasons.Remove(reason);
+        }
+
+        if (changed)
+        {
+            StateChanged?.Invoke();
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Localization.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Localization.cs
@@ -278,26 +278,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            "Right-click an icon in launcher to hide it. Hidden entries appear here.");
        LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_empty", "No hidden items.");

-        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_desc",
-            "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
-        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_hint",
-            "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
-        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_status",
-            "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
-        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
-        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L(
-            "settings.plugins.installed_desc",
-            "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
-        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.restart_hint",
-            "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
-        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
-        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+        ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization();

        SettingsNavAboutItem.Content = L("settings.nav.about", "About");
        AboutPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.about.title", "About");
@@ -327,6 +308,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"));
        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan, L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"));
        UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus();
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();

        if (WallpaperPlacementComboBox?.ItemCount >= 5)
        {
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RestartPrompt.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RestartPrompt.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private bool _isRestartPromptVisible;
+
+    private void OnPendingRestartStateChanged()
+    {
+        if (Dispatcher.UIThread.CheckAccess())
+        {
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(UpdatePendingRestartDock);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePendingRestartDock()
+    {
+        PendingRestartDock.IsVisible = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingRestart;
+        PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.title", "Restart required");
+        PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.button", "Restart app");
+    }
+
+    private async void OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync();
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(string selectedMode)
+    {
+        var message = Lf(
+            "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message",
+            "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(_runningAppRenderMode),
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(selectedMode));
+
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(message);
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync()
+    {
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app."));
+    }
+
+    private async Task ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(string message)
+    {
+        if (_isRestartPromptVisible)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isRestartPromptVisible = true;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var dialog = new ContentDialog
+            {
+                Title = L("settings.restart_dialog.title", "Restart required"),
+                Content = message,
+                PrimaryButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.restart", "Restart now"),
+                CloseButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.cancel", "Cancel"),
+                DefaultButton = ContentDialogButton.Primary
+            };
+
+            var result = await dialog.ShowAsync(this);
+            if (result == ContentDialogResult.Primary)
+            {
+                if (!AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication())
+                {
+                    UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _isRestartPromptVisible = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (renderMode == AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown)
+        {
+            return L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown");
+        }
+
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default")
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Settings.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Settings.cs
@@ -1225,6 +1225,10 @@ public partial class MainWindow
    private void InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(snapshot.AppRenderMode);
+        _runningAppRenderMode = ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+        var renderModeForUi = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingReason(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason)
+            ? _selectedAppRenderMode
+            : _runningAppRenderMode;

        if (AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
        {
@@ -1235,7 +1239,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        try
        {
            AppRenderModeComboBox.IsEnabled = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
-            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(renderModeForUi);
        }
        finally
        {
@@ -1250,13 +1254,27 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            return;
        }

-        var selectedItem = AppRenderModeComboBox.Items
-            .OfType<ComboBoxItem>()
-            .FirstOrDefault(item =>
-                string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), renderMode, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(renderMode);
+    }

-        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedItem = selectedItem
-            ?? AppRenderModeComboBox.Items.OfType<ComboBoxItem>().FirstOrDefault();
+    private static int GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(string renderMode)
+    {
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => 1,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => 2,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => 3,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => 4,
+            _ => 0
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(string configuredRenderMode)
+    {
+        var detectedRenderMode = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect().ActualBackend;
+        return string.Equals(detectedRenderMode, AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? configuredRenderMode
+            : AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(detectedRenderMode);
    }

    private static WeatherLocationMode ParseWeatherLocationMode(string? value)
@@ -1534,7 +1552,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        }

        var selectedMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(
-            (AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedItem as ComboBoxItem)?.Tag?.ToString());
+            TryGetSelectedComboBoxTag(AppRenderModeComboBox));

        if (string.Equals(_selectedAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal))
        {
@@ -1543,6 +1561,14 @@ public partial class MainWindow

        _selectedAppRenderMode = selectedMode;
        PersistSettings();
+        var requiresRestart = !string.Equals(_runningAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason, requiresRestart);
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+
+        if (requiresRestart)
+        {
+            _ = ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(selectedMode);
+        }
    }

    private async void OnSearchWeatherCityClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
@@ -2715,14 +2741,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow
    internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock")!;
    internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock")!;

-    // --- PluginSettingsPage (Added for completeness) ---
-    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
 }


--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml
@@ -377,88 +377,138 @@
                <Border Classes="mica-strong"
                        CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusXl}"
                        Padding="18">
-                    <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
-                                       PaneDisplayMode="Left"
-                                       IsSettingsVisible="False"
-                                       OpenPaneLength="220"
-                                       SelectionChanged="OnSettingsNavSelectionChanged">
-                        <ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWallpaperItem" Content="壁纸" Tag="Wallpaper" ToolTip.Tip="壁纸">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Wallpaper" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavGridItem" Content="网格" Tag="Grid" ToolTip.Tip="网格">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Grid" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavColorItem" Content="颜色" Tag="Color" ToolTip.Tip="颜色">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Color" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavStatusBarItem" Content="状态栏" Tag="StatusBar" ToolTip.Tip="状态栏">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Status" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWeatherItem" Content="天气" Tag="Weather" ToolTip.Tip="天气">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="WeatherSunny" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavRegionItem" Content="地区" Tag="Region" ToolTip.Tip="地区">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Globe" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavUpdateItem" Content="更新" Tag="Update" ToolTip.Tip="更新">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="ArrowSync" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavAboutItem" Content="关于" Tag="About" ToolTip.Tip="关于">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Info" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavLauncherItem" Content="应用启动台" Tag="Launcher" ToolTip.Tip="应用启动台">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Apps" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavPluginsItem" Content="插件" Tag="Plugins" ToolTip.Tip="插件">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="PuzzlePiece" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                        </ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
+                    <Grid RowDefinitions="*,Auto"
+                          RowSpacing="14">
+                        <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
+                                           Grid.Row="0"
+                                           PaneDisplayMode="Left"
+                                           IsSettingsVisible="False"
+                                           OpenPaneLength="220"
+                                           SelectionChanged="OnSettingsNavSelectionChanged">
+                            <ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWallpaperItem" Content="壁纸" Tag="Wallpaper" ToolTip.Tip="壁纸">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Wallpaper" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavGridItem" Content="网格" Tag="Grid" ToolTip.Tip="网格">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Grid" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavColorItem" Content="颜色" Tag="Color" ToolTip.Tip="颜色">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Color" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavStatusBarItem" Content="状态栏" Tag="StatusBar" ToolTip.Tip="状态栏">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Status" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWeatherItem" Content="天气" Tag="Weather" ToolTip.Tip="天气">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="WeatherSunny" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavRegionItem" Content="地区" Tag="Region" ToolTip.Tip="地区">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Globe" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavUpdateItem" Content="更新" Tag="Update" ToolTip.Tip="更新">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="ArrowSync" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavAboutItem" Content="关于" Tag="About" ToolTip.Tip="关于">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Info" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavLauncherItem" Content="应用启动台" Tag="Launcher" ToolTip.Tip="应用启动台">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Apps" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavPluginsItem" Content="插件" Tag="Plugins" ToolTip.Tip="插件">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="PuzzlePiece" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                            </ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>

-                        <ScrollViewer x:Name="SettingsContentScrollViewer"
-                                      Padding="0,0,16,0"
-                                      HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
-                                      VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
-                            <Grid x:Name="SettingsContentPagesHost">
-                                    <pages:WallpaperSettingsPage x:Name="WallpaperSettingsPanel" IsVisible="True" />
+                            <ScrollViewer x:Name="SettingsContentScrollViewer"
+                                          Padding="0,0,16,0"
+                                          HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
+                                          VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
+                                <Grid x:Name="SettingsContentPagesHost">
+                                        <pages:WallpaperSettingsPage x:Name="WallpaperSettingsPanel" IsVisible="True" />

-                                <pages:GridSettingsPage x:Name="GridSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:GridSettingsPage x:Name="GridSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />

-                                <pages:ColorSettingsPage x:Name="ColorSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:ColorSettingsPage x:Name="ColorSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />

-                                <pages:StatusBarSettingsPage x:Name="StatusBarSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                
-                                <pages:WeatherSettingsPage x:Name="WeatherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:RegionSettingsPage x:Name="RegionSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:StatusBarSettingsPage x:Name="StatusBarSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    
+                                    <pages:WeatherSettingsPage x:Name="WeatherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:RegionSettingsPage x:Name="RegionSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />

-                                <pages:UpdateSettingsPage x:Name="UpdateSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:UpdateSettingsPage x:Name="UpdateSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />

-                                <pages:LauncherSettingsPage x:Name="LauncherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:AboutSettingsPage x:Name="AboutSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:PluginSettingsPage x:Name="PluginSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:LauncherSettingsPage x:Name="LauncherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:AboutSettingsPage x:Name="AboutSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:PluginSettingsPage x:Name="PluginSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                </Grid>
+                            </ScrollViewer>
+                        </ui:NavigationView>
+
+                        <Border x:Name="PendingRestartDock"
+                                Grid.Row="1"
+                                IsVisible="False"
+                                Classes="glass-panel"
+                                CornerRadius="18"
+                                Padding="14,12">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto"
+                                  ColumnSpacing="12">
+                                <Border Width="34"
+                                        Height="34"
+                                        CornerRadius="17"
+                                        Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveAccentBrush}">
+                                    <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                   IconVariant="Regular"
+                                                   FontSize="16"
+                                                   Foreground="White"
+                                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                                </Border>
+                                <StackPanel Grid.Column="1"
+                                            Spacing="2"
+                                            VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock"
+                                               FontSize="13"
+                                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                                               Text="Restart required" />
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock"
+                                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                               Text="Your changes will apply after restarting the app." />
+                                </StackPanel>
+                                <Button x:Name="PendingRestartDockButton"
+                                        Grid.Column="2"
+                                        Padding="14,8"
+                                        Click="OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick">
+                                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8">
+                                        <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                       IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                        <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   Text="Restart app" />
+                                    </StackPanel>
+                                </Button>
                            </Grid>
-                        </ScrollViewer>
-                    </ui:NavigationView>
+                        </Border>
+                    </Grid>
                </Border>
            </Border>
        </Grid>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    private bool _suppressAutoStartToggleEvents;
    private bool _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents;
    private string _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+    private string _runningAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
    private string _weatherSearchKeyword = string.Empty;
    private bool _isWeatherSearchInProgress;
    private bool _isWeatherPreviewInProgress;
@@ -190,6 +191,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        _fluentAvaloniaTheme = Application.Current?.Styles.OfType<FluentAvaloniaTheme>().FirstOrDefault();
        AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnExternalAppSettingsSaved;
        LauncherSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged += OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
        PropertyChanged += OnWindowPropertyChanged;
        InitializeDesktopSurfaceSwipeHandlers();
        InitializeDesktopComponentDragHandlers();
@@ -314,6 +316,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
        _ = _componentSettingsService.Load();
        InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+        InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
        InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
        InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
        InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
@@ -379,6 +382,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        _wallpaperBitmap = null;
        AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnExternalAppSettingsSaved;
        LauncherSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged -= OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
        PropertyChanged -= OnWindowPropertyChanged;
        DesktopHost.SizeChanged -= OnDesktopHostSizeChanged;
        WallpaperPreviewHost.SizeChanged -= OnWallpaperPreviewHostSizeChanged;
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/AboutSettingsPage.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/AboutSettingsPage.axaml
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
                    <ComboBox x:Name="AppRenderModeComboBox"
                              MinWidth="180"
+                              SelectedIndex="0"
                              HorizontalAlignment="Right">
                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Default" Tag="Default" />
                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Software" Tag="Software" />
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Controls.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Controls.cs
@@ -206,13 +206,5 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
    internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock")!;
    internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock")!;

-    // --- PluginSettingsPage (Added for completeness) ---
-    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
 }

--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Core.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Core.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent;
 using FluentIcons.Common;
 using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
        }

        _launcherIconCache.Clear();
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged -= OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
        base.OnClosed(e);
    }

--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Localization.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Localization.cs
@@ -110,16 +110,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
        LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_hint", "Right-click an icon in launcher to hide it. Hidden entries appear here.");
        LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_empty", "No hidden items.");

-        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.runtime_desc", "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
-        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_hint", "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
-        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_status", "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
-        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
-        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.installed_desc", "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
-        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.restart_hint", "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
-        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
-        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+        ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization();

        AboutPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.about.title", "About");
        VersionTextBlock.Text = Lf("settings.about.version_format", "Version: {0}", GetAppVersionText());
@@ -137,6 +128,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"));
        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan, L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"));
        UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus();
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();

        var placementItems = WallpaperPlacementComboBox.Items.OfType<ComboBoxItem>().ToList();
        if (placementItems.Count >= 5)
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.RestartPrompt.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.RestartPrompt.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private bool _isRestartPromptVisible;
+
+    private void OnPendingRestartStateChanged()
+    {
+        if (Dispatcher.UIThread.CheckAccess())
+        {
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(UpdatePendingRestartDock);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePendingRestartDock()
+    {
+        PendingRestartDock.IsVisible = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingRestart;
+        PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.title", "Restart required");
+        PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.button", "Restart app");
+    }
+
+    private async void OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync();
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(string selectedMode)
+    {
+        var message = Lf(
+            "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message",
+            "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(_runningAppRenderMode),
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(selectedMode));
+
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(message);
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync()
+    {
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app."));
+    }
+
+    private async Task ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(string message)
+    {
+        if (_isRestartPromptVisible)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isRestartPromptVisible = true;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var dialog = new ContentDialog
+            {
+                Title = L("settings.restart_dialog.title", "Restart required"),
+                Content = message,
+                PrimaryButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.restart", "Restart now"),
+                CloseButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.cancel", "Cancel"),
+                DefaultButton = ContentDialogButton.Primary
+            };
+
+            var result = await dialog.ShowAsync(this);
+            if (result == ContentDialogResult.Primary)
+            {
+                if (!AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication())
+                {
+                    UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _isRestartPromptVisible = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (renderMode == AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown)
+        {
+            return L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown");
+        }
+
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default")
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.WeatherLauncher.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.WeatherLauncher.cs
@@ -92,12 +92,16 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
    private void InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(snapshot.AppRenderMode);
+        _runningAppRenderMode = ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+        var renderModeForUi = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingReason(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason)
+            ? _selectedAppRenderMode
+            : _runningAppRenderMode;

        _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = true;
        try
        {
            AppRenderModeComboBox.IsEnabled = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
-            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(renderModeForUi);
        }
        finally
        {
@@ -107,13 +111,27 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow

    private void SelectAppRenderModeInUi(string renderMode)
    {
-        var selectedItem = AppRenderModeComboBox.Items
-            .OfType<ComboBoxItem>()
-            .FirstOrDefault(item =>
-                string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), renderMode, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(renderMode);
+    }

-        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedItem = selectedItem
-            ?? AppRenderModeComboBox.Items.OfType<ComboBoxItem>().FirstOrDefault();
+    private static int GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(string renderMode)
+    {
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => 1,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => 2,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => 3,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => 4,
+            _ => 0
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(string configuredRenderMode)
+    {
+        var detectedRenderMode = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect().ActualBackend;
+        return string.Equals(detectedRenderMode, AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? configuredRenderMode
+            : AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(detectedRenderMode);
    }

    private static WeatherLocationMode ParseWeatherLocationMode(string? value)
@@ -354,7 +372,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
        }

        var selectedMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(
-            (AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedItem as ComboBoxItem)?.Tag?.ToString());
+            TryGetSelectedComboBoxTag(AppRenderModeComboBox));

        if (string.Equals(_selectedAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal))
        {
@@ -363,6 +381,14 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow

        _selectedAppRenderMode = selectedMode;
        PersistSettings();
+        var requiresRestart = !string.Equals(_runningAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason, requiresRestart);
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+
+        if (requiresRestart)
+        {
+            _ = ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(selectedMode);
+        }
    }

    private async void OnSearchWeatherCityClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.axaml
@@ -79,7 +79,10 @@
                            Classes="mica-strong"
                            CornerRadius="0,0,24,24"
                            Padding="18">
+                        <Grid RowDefinitions="*,Auto"
+                              RowSpacing="14">
                        <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
+                                           Grid.Row="0"
                                           PaneDisplayMode="Left"
                                           IsSettingsVisible="False"
                                           OpenPaneLength="240"
@@ -155,6 +158,53 @@
                                </Grid>
                            </ScrollViewer>
                        </ui:NavigationView>
+
+                        <Border x:Name="PendingRestartDock"
+                                Grid.Row="1"
+                                IsVisible="False"
+                                Classes="glass-panel"
+                                CornerRadius="18"
+                                Padding="14,12">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto"
+                                  ColumnSpacing="12">
+                                <Border Width="34"
+                                        Height="34"
+                                        CornerRadius="17"
+                                        Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveAccentBrush}">
+                                    <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                   IconVariant="Regular"
+                                                   FontSize="16"
+                                                   Foreground="White"
+                                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                                </Border>
+                                <StackPanel Grid.Column="1"
+                                            Spacing="2"
+                                            VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock"
+                                               FontSize="13"
+                                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                                               Text="Restart required" />
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock"
+                                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                               Text="Your changes will apply after restarting the app." />
+                                </StackPanel>
+                                <Button x:Name="PendingRestartDockButton"
+                                        Grid.Column="2"
+                                        Padding="14,8"
+                                        Click="OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick">
+                                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8">
+                                        <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                       IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                        <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   Text="Restart app" />
+                                    </StackPanel>
+                                </Button>
+                            </Grid>
+                        </Border>
+                        </Grid>
                    </Border>
                </Grid>
            </Border>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
    private int _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent = 12;
    private int _desktopEdgeInsetPercent = DefaultEdgeInsetPercent;
    private string _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+    private string _runningAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
    private string _taskbarLayoutMode = TaskbarLayoutBottomFullRowMacStyle;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
    private WeatherLocationMode _weatherLocationMode = WeatherLocationMode.CitySearch;
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
        _fluentAvaloniaTheme = Application.Current?.Styles.OfType<FluentAvaloniaTheme>().FirstOrDefault();
        RequestedThemeVariant = Application.Current?.RequestedThemeVariant ?? ThemeVariant.Default;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged += OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
        HookEvents();
    }

--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LoadedPlugin.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LoadedPlugin.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;

 public sealed class LoadedPlugin : IDisposable, IAsyncDisposable
 {
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs
@@ -139,6 +139,30 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        }
    }

+    internal void RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation()
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var pair in _pluginSettingsPageHosts.ToArray())
+        {
+            var navItem = SettingsNavView.MenuItems
+                .OfType<NavigationViewItem>()
+                .FirstOrDefault(item => string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), pair.Key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (navItem is not null)
+            {
+                SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Remove(navItem);
+            }
+
+            SettingsContentPagesHost.Children.Remove(pair.Value);
+        }
+
+        _pluginSettingsPageHosts.Clear();
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
+    }
+
    private string? GetSelectedSettingsTabTag()
    {
        return (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem as NavigationViewItem)?.Tag?.ToString();
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private void ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization()
+    {
+        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_desc",
+            "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
+        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_hint",
+            "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
+        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_status",
+            "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.plugins.installed_desc",
+            "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
+        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.restart_hint",
+            "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
+        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PluginCatalogEntry.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PluginCatalogEntry.cs
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PluginContributions.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PluginContributions.cs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLoadContext.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLoadContext.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Runtime.Loader;

-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;

 public sealed class PluginLoadContext : AssemblyLoadContext
 {
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLoadResult.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLoadResult.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using System;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;

 public sealed record PluginLoadResult(
    string SourcePath,
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLoader.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLoader.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Security.Cryptography;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;

-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;

 public sealed class PluginLoader
 {
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLoaderOptions.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLoaderOptions.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;

 public sealed class PluginLoaderOptions
 {
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PluginRuntimeService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PluginRuntimeService.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
@@ -47,11 +48,14 @@ public sealed class PluginRuntimeService : IDisposable
        UnloadInstalledPlugins();

        var disabledPluginIds = GetDisabledPluginIds();
+        var settingsSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        var hostLanguageCode = PluginLocalizer.NormalizeLanguageCode(settingsSnapshot.LanguageCode);
        var hostProperties = new Dictionary<string, object?>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        {
-            ["HostApplicationName"] = "LanMountainDesktop",
-            ["HostVersion"] = typeof(App).Assembly.GetName().Version?.ToString(),
-            ["PluginSdkApiVersion"] = PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostApplicationName] = "LanMountainDesktop",
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostVersion] = typeof(App).Assembly.GetName().Version?.ToString(),
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.PluginSdkApiVersion] = PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion,
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostLanguageCode] = hostLanguageCode
        };

        var discoveryFailures = new List<PluginLoadResult>();
@@ -174,6 +178,36 @@ public sealed class PluginRuntimeService : IDisposable
        return true;
    }

+    public PluginManifest InstallPluginPackage(string packagePath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(packagePath);
+
+        var fullPackagePath = Path.GetFullPath(packagePath);
+        if (!File.Exists(fullPackagePath))
+        {
+            throw new FileNotFoundException($"Plugin package '{fullPackagePath}' was not found.", fullPackagePath);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(fullPackagePath), PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin package must use the '{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}' extension.");
+        }
+
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(PluginsDirectory);
+
+        var manifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(fullPackagePath);
+        RemoveExistingPluginPackages(manifest.Id, fullPackagePath);
+
+        var destinationPath = Path.Combine(PluginsDirectory, BuildInstalledPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+        if (!string.Equals(fullPackagePath, Path.GetFullPath(destinationPath), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            File.Copy(fullPackagePath, destinationPath, overwrite: true);
+        }
+
+        return manifest;
+    }
+
    public void Dispose()
    {
        UnloadInstalledPlugins();
@@ -269,6 +303,42 @@ public sealed class PluginRuntimeService : IDisposable
        return PluginManifest.Load(stream, $"{packagePath}!/{entries[0].FullName}");
    }

+    private void RemoveExistingPluginPackages(string pluginId, string packagePathToKeep)
+    {
+        foreach (var existingPackagePath in EnumerateCandidatePaths($"*{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}"))
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(
+                    Path.GetFullPath(existingPackagePath),
+                    Path.GetFullPath(packagePathToKeep),
+                    StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                var existingManifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(existingPackagePath);
+                if (!string.Equals(existingManifest.Id, pluginId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                File.Delete(existingPackagePath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore unrelated or invalid packages during replacement.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildInstalledPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+    {
+        var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+        var fileName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+        return fileName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+    }
+
    private static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
    {
        return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/PluginSettingsPage.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/PluginSettingsPage.axaml.cs
@@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Layout;
 using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Platform.Storage;
 using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages;

 public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
 {
+    private static readonly IBrush SuccessBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF0F766E"));
+    private static readonly IBrush ErrorBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFC42B1C"));
+
    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
+    private string? _packageImportStatusMessage;
+    private bool _packageImportStatusIsError;

    public PluginSettingsPage()
    {
@@ -24,6 +33,7 @@ public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
    public void RefreshFromRuntime()
    {
        var runtime = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        UpdateInstallerUi(runtime);
        if (runtime is null)
        {
            PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable", "Plugin runtime is not available.");
@@ -37,6 +47,24 @@ public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
        BuildPluginCatalog(runtime);
    }

+    private void UpdateInstallerUi(PluginRuntimeService? runtime)
+    {
+        InstallPluginPackageButton.Content = L("settings.plugins.install_button", "Open .laapp package");
+        InstallPluginPackageButton.IsEnabled = runtime is not null;
+        PluginPackageImportHintTextBlock.Text = runtime is null
+            ? L(
+                "settings.plugins.install_unavailable",
+                "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now.")
+            : F(
+                "settings.plugins.install_hint_format",
+                "Open a .laapp package to install it into: {0}",
+                runtime.PluginsDirectory);
+
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.IsVisible = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_packageImportStatusMessage);
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.Text = _packageImportStatusMessage ?? string.Empty;
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.Foreground = _packageImportStatusIsError ? ErrorBrush : SuccessBrush;
+    }
+
    private void BuildRuntimeSummary(PluginRuntimeService runtime)
    {
        var failures = runtime.LoadResults.Where(result => !result.IsSuccess).ToArray();
@@ -165,6 +193,116 @@ public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
                : L("settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled", "disabled"));
    }

+    private async void OnInstallPluginPackageClick(object? sender, Avalonia.Interactivity.RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var runtime = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        if (runtime is null)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                L(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable",
+                    "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now."),
+                isError: true);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var topLevel = TopLevel.GetTopLevel(this);
+        var storageProvider = topLevel?.StorageProvider;
+        if (storageProvider is null)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                L("settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable", "Storage provider is unavailable."),
+                isError: true);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var files = await storageProvider.OpenFilePickerAsync(new FilePickerOpenOptions
+        {
+            Title = L("settings.plugins.install_picker_title", "Select plugin package"),
+            AllowMultiple = false,
+            FileTypeFilter =
+            [
+                new FilePickerFileType(L("settings.plugins.install_file_type", ".laapp plugin package"))
+                {
+                    Patterns = [$"*{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}"]
+                }
+            ]
+        });
+
+        if (files.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        string? temporaryPackagePath = null;
+        try
+        {
+            temporaryPackagePath = await CopyPackageToTemporaryFileAsync(files[0]);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(temporaryPackagePath))
+            {
+                SetPackageImportStatus(
+                    L("settings.plugins.install_copy_failed", "Failed to copy the selected .laapp package."),
+                    isError: true);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var manifest = runtime.InstallPluginPackage(temporaryPackagePath);
+            runtime.LoadInstalledPlugins();
+            RefreshPluginNavigation(topLevel);
+            PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.PluginCatalogReason, true);
+            RefreshFromRuntime();
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                F(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_success_format",
+                    "Installed plugin '{0}'. Restart the app to apply newly added settings pages and widgets.",
+                    manifest.Name),
+                isError: false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                F(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format",
+                    "Failed to install plugin package: {0}",
+                    ex.Message),
+                isError: true);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(temporaryPackagePath))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    File.Delete(temporaryPackagePath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // Ignore temporary file cleanup errors.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshPluginNavigation(TopLevel? topLevel)
+    {
+        switch (topLevel)
+        {
+            case MainWindow mainWindow:
+                mainWindow.RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation();
+                break;
+            case SettingsWindow settingsWindow:
+                settingsWindow.RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation();
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SetPackageImportStatus(string message, bool isError)
+    {
+        _packageImportStatusMessage = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(message) ? null : message;
+        _packageImportStatusIsError = isError;
+        UpdateInstallerUi((Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService);
+    }
+
    private string BuildPluginSubtitle(PluginCatalogEntry entry)
    {
        var source = entry.IsPackage
@@ -215,8 +353,35 @@ public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
    {
        return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, L(key, fallback), args);
    }
+
+    private static async Task<string?> CopyPackageToTemporaryFileAsync(IStorageFile file)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var extension = Path.GetExtension(file.Name);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(extension))
+            {
+                extension = PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+            }
+
+            var temporaryDirectory = Path.Combine(
+                Path.GetTempPath(),
+                "LanMountainDesktop",
+                "PluginImports");
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(temporaryDirectory);
+
+            var temporaryPackagePath = Path.Combine(
+                temporaryDirectory,
+                $"{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}_{Guid.NewGuid():N}{extension}");
+
+            await using var sourceStream = await file.OpenReadAsync();
+            await using var destinationStream = File.Create(temporaryPackagePath);
+            await sourceStream.CopyToAsync(destinationStream);
+            return temporaryPackagePath;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
 }
-
-
-
-
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/PluginSettingsPage.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/PluginSettingsPage.axaml
@@ -51,6 +51,24 @@
                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
                    <StackPanel Spacing="10">
+                        <Border Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveSurfaceRaisedBrush}"
+                                CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusSm}"
+                                Padding="14">
+                            <StackPanel Spacing="10">
+                                <Button x:Name="InstallPluginPackageButton"
+                                        HorizontalAlignment="Left"
+                                        Click="OnInstallPluginPackageClick"
+                                        Content="Open .laapp package" />
+                                <TextBlock x:Name="PluginPackageImportHintTextBlock"
+                                           Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                           TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                           Text="Open a .laapp package to install it into the local plugin directory." />
+                                <TextBlock x:Name="PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock"
+                                           Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                           TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                           IsVisible="False" />
+                            </StackPanel>
+                        </Border>
                        <TextBlock x:Name="PluginRestartHintTextBlock"
                                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
                                   TextWrapping="Wrap"
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/README.md
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# 宿主侧插件运行时
+
+这个目录用于归档阑山桌面宿主侧的插件相关实现。
+
+职责范围：
+- 已安装插件的发现
+- `.laapp` 安装包安装与替换
+- 插件运行时加载
+- 插件贡献的设置页与桌面组件接入
+- 宿主侧插件设置页的安装、显示与刷新
+
+当前宿主侧核心文件：
+- `PluginLoader.cs`
+- `PluginLoadContext.cs`
+- `PluginLoaderOptions.cs`
+- `PluginLoadResult.cs`
+- `LoadedPlugin.cs`
+- `PluginRuntimeService.cs`
+- `PluginContributions.cs`
+- `PluginCatalogEntry.cs`
+- `PluginSettingsPage.axaml`
+- `PluginSettingsPage.Host.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs`
+
+说明：
+- 插件开发标准、插件打包工具、示例插件与开发文档统一放在仓库根目录下的 `LanAirApp/`
+- 宿主本体的插件加载、解析、安装与插件设置页接入逻辑统一放在 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`
+- `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 只保留插件作者需要引用的契约、清单模型和扩展注册接口
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs
@@ -139,6 +139,30 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
        }
    }

+    internal void RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation()
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var pair in _pluginSettingsPageHosts.ToArray())
+        {
+            var navItem = SettingsNavView.MenuItems
+                .OfType<NavigationViewItem>()
+                .FirstOrDefault(item => string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), pair.Key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (navItem is not null)
+            {
+                SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Remove(navItem);
+            }
+
+            SettingsContentPagesHost.Children.Remove(pair.Value);
+        }
+
+        _pluginSettingsPageHosts.Clear();
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
+    }
+
    private string? GetSelectedSettingsTabTag()
    {
        return (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem as NavigationViewItem)?.Tag?.ToString();
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private void ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization()
+    {
+        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.runtime_desc", "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
+        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_hint", "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
+        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_status", "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.installed_desc", "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
+        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.restart_hint", "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
+        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+    }
+}
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
lincube	d33d8d3391	0.5.7 示例插件	2026-03-10 00:40:26 +08:00
lincube	9c89c08448	0.5.6 插件系统再进化	2026-03-10 00:04:33 +08:00
lincube	ec7b78bc63	0.5.5 现已支持更改关键设置时提醒重启功能	2026-03-09 22:26:42 +08:00