0.5.7

示例插件

.gitignore

@@ -488,3 +488,7 @@ nul
 /_build_verify_plugin_tabs
 /_build_verify_sample_plugin
 /_build_verify_sample_plugin_capabilities
+/_build_verify_plugin_page_host
+/_build_verify_plugin_services
+/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/_build_verify_*/
+/_build_obj

LanAirApp/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# LanAirApp
+
+`LanAirApp` 是阑山桌面插件生态的对外发布工作区。
+
+这里集中放置：
+- 插件开发标准
+- 插件打包与构建工具
+- 插件开发与打包文档
+- 示例插件
+
+目录结构：
+- `docs/`：插件开发文档、打包文档
+- `releases/`：已经打包完成、可直接分享与安装的 `.laapp` 插件包
+- `samples/`：示例插件，其中 `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin` 是示例开发插件
+- `standards/`：插件标准文件与模板
+- `tools/`：插件打包与构建工具
+
+面向用户的安装流程：
+1. 将插件构建或打包为 `.laapp` 文件。
+2. 打开 `设置 -> 插件`。
+3. 点击 `打开 .laapp 插件包`。
+4. 选择插件包完成安装。
+
+宿主侧的插件加载、安装、发现、解析与设置页接入逻辑，保留在 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
+
+`LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 仅作为插件开发 SDK 使用，提供 `IPlugin`、`IPluginContext`、清单模型与扩展注册接口。

LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# 插件开发文档
+
+LanMountainDesktop 插件基于 `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 开发。
+
+`LanAirApp/` 负责对外发布插件开发标准、示例插件和打包工具；宿主应用内部的插件加载与解析逻辑位于 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
+`LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 只提供插件作者需要依赖的开发契约，不再承载宿主侧运行时加载实现。
+
+## 必需文件
+- `plugin.json`
+- `plugin.json` 中声明的入口程序集
+- 使用插件入口特性标记的入口类型
+
+## 推荐开发流程
+1. 以 `LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin` 为起点。
+2. 修改 `plugin.json`，填写你自己的插件 `id`、名称、作者、版本和入口程序集。
+3. 实现 `IPlugin` 或继承 `PluginBase`。
+4. 通过 `IPluginContext` 注册服务、设置页和桌面组件。
+5. 将输出内容打包为 `.laapp` 文件。
+
+## 运行时能力
+- 插件可以注册自己的设置页。
+- 插件可以注册自己的桌面组件。
+- 插件可以注册自己的服务，并通过插件消息总线进行通信。
+- 宿主优先加载 `.laapp` 包，其次才是散装清单。
+
+## 多语言建议
+- 插件应当内置 `Localization/zh-CN.json` 与 `Localization/en-US.json`。
+- 插件界面文案、组件文案、状态文案建议统一通过插件本地化层读取。
+- 建议优先读取宿主传入的语言代码，再回退到插件默认语言。
+
+## 目录建议
+一个标准插件项目建议至少包含：
+- `plugin.json`
+- `Localization/zh-CN.json`
+- `Localization/en-US.json`
+- 插件程序集与依赖文件
+
+## 示例项目与工具
+- 示例插件：`LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`
+- 打包工具：`LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager`
+- 标准模板：`LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json`

LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_PACKAGING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# 插件打包文档
+
+LanMountainDesktop 插件的安装包格式固定为 `.laapp`。
+
+`LanAirApp/` 负责提供打包标准与打包工具；`.laapp` 的安装、发现和运行时加载由 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/` 负责。
+
+## `.laapp` 格式说明
+- 本质上是一个标准 zip 压缩包
+- 包根目录必须包含 `plugin.json`
+- 包根目录还必须包含入口程序集及其依赖
+
+## 建议打包内容
+- `plugin.json`
+- `YourPlugin.dll`
+- 依赖程序集
+- `Localization/zh-CN.json`
+- `Localization/en-US.json`
+- 插件运行所需的其他资源文件
+
+## 使用打包工具
+```powershell
+dotnet run --project .\LanAirApp\tools\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager -- --input .\path\to\plugin-output --output .\artifacts\YourPlugin.laapp --overwrite
+```
+
+## 应用内安装流程
+1. 打开 `设置 -> 插件`
+2. 点击 `打开 .laapp 插件包`
+3. 选择要安装的插件包
+4. 如果插件注册了设置页或组件，安装后重启应用
+
+## 注意事项
+- `plugin.json` 中的 `entranceAssembly` 必须能在包内找到。
+- 包内应尽量避免无关开发产物。
+- `.laapp` 是标准安装格式，建议不要对外分发散装目录。

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj

@@ -9,14 +9,15 @@
     <OutputPath>bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\content\</OutputPath>
     <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
     <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>
-    <PluginPackageOutputDirectory>..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\</PluginPackageOutputDirectory>
+    <PluginPackageOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\</PluginPackageOutputDirectory>
     <PluginPackagePath>$(PluginPackageOutputDirectory)$(AssemblyName).laapp</PluginPackagePath>
-    <LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\SamplePlugin\</LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>
+    <LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\SamplePlugin\</LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" Private="false" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" Private="false" />
     <None Include="plugin.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+    <None Include="Localization\*.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <Target Name="CreateLaappPackage" AfterTargets="Build">

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/en-US.json

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "Plugin Status",
+  "plugin.name": "LanMountain Sample Plugin",
+  "plugin.description": "Example plugin used to validate PluginSdk loading, services, communication, and localization.",
+  "widget.display_name": "Sample Plugin Status Clock",
+  "widget.category": "Plugins",
+  "settings.header.title": "Sample Plugin Capability Inspector",
+  "settings.section.info": "Plugin Info",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "Accessible Capabilities",
+  "settings.section.status": "Live Runtime Status",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "Plugin Name",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "Plugin Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "Version",
+  "settings.info.author": "Author",
+  "settings.info.description": "Description",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "Plugin Directory",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "Data Directory",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "Host Application",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "Host Version",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API Version",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "State Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "Clock Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "Message Bus Resolved",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "Component Placed",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "Placed Count",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "Preview Count",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "Placement Ids",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "Last Component Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "Last Cell Size",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "Clock Service Time",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "Updated: {0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "Frontend Status",
+  "status.component.title": "Component Status",
+  "status.backend.title": "Backend Status",
+  "status.service.title": "Clock Service",
+  "status.summary.pending": "Pending",
+  "status.summary.attached": "Attached",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "Healthy",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "Faulted",
+  "status.summary.placed": "Placed",
+  "status.summary.preview": "Preview",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "Waiting for a plugin UI surface to connect.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "Settings page is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "Widget surface is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "No component instance has been created yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "No component instance is active.",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "Preview instances: {0}; no placed desktop instance is active yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "Placed count: {0}; preview count: {1}; placements: {2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "Plugin initialization is in progress.",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "Initialization log written to: {0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "Initialization log write failed: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "Clock service is not attached yet.",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "Clock service was attached and is waiting for the first tick.",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "Clock service is running. Current service time: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "Clock state write failed: {0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "Readable. Current plugin id: {0}; version: {1}.",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "Readable. Plugin directory: {0}; data directory: {1}.",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "Readable. Host properties currently exposed: {0}.",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "Callable. State service resolved: {0}; clock service resolved: {1}; message bus resolved: {2}.",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "Callable during plugin initialization. This sample plugin registers SamplePluginRuntimeStateService and SamplePluginClockService into the plugin service container.",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "Plugin Communication Bus",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "This sample plugin uses IPluginMessageBus to push clock ticks and state change notifications into plugin UI surfaces.",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "Widgets can read ComponentId, PlacementId, CellSize, and call GetService<T>() against the same plugin service container.",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "Preview surface | placed: {0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "Placement {0} | placed: {1}",
+  "common.dev": "dev",
+  "common.none": "(none)",
+  "common.unknown": "(unknown)",
+  "common.true": "true",
+  "common.false": "false",
+  "common.yes": "Yes",
+  "common.no": "No"
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/zh-CN.json

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "插件状态",
+  "plugin.name": "阑山示例插件",
+  "plugin.description": "用于验证 PluginSdk 加载、服务、通信与本地化能力的示例插件。",
+  "widget.display_name": "示例插件状态时钟",
+  "widget.category": "插件",
+  "settings.header.title": "示例插件能力检查器",
+  "settings.section.info": "插件信息",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "可访问能力",
+  "settings.section.status": "实时运行状态",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "插件名称",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "插件 Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "版本",
+  "settings.info.author": "作者",
+  "settings.info.description": "描述",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "插件目录",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "数据目录",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "宿主应用",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "宿主版本",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API 版本",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "状态服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "时钟服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "消息总线已解析",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "组件是否已放置",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "已放置数量",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "预览数量",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "放置位置 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "最近组件 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "最近单元尺寸",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "时钟服务时间",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "更新时间：{0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "前端状态",
+  "status.component.title": "组件状态",
+  "status.backend.title": "后端状态",
+  "status.service.title": "时钟服务",
+  "status.summary.pending": "等待中",
+  "status.summary.attached": "已挂接",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "正常",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "异常",
+  "status.summary.placed": "已放置",
+  "status.summary.preview": "预览中",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "等待插件界面接入。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "当前还没有创建组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "当前没有活动中的组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "插件初始化进行中。",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "时钟服务尚未挂接。",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "插件通信总线",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}",
+  "common.dev": "开发版",
+  "common.none": "（无）",
+  "common.unknown": "（未知）",
+  "common.true": "是",
+  "common.false": "否",
+  "common.yes": "是",
+  "common.no": "否"
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin
+
+这是阑山桌面的**示例开发插件**。
+
+它用于演示以下能力：
+- 插件入口与 `plugin.json` 清单
+- 插件服务注册
+- 插件设置页注册
+- 插件桌面组件注册
+- 插件内通信与状态更新
+- `.laapp` 打包与安装流程
+- 插件多语言资源组织方式
+
+如果你要开发自己的插件，建议以这个目录为模板开始。
+
+这个目录仅用于示例开发与打包发布，不承载宿主应用内部的插件加载逻辑。

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+[PluginEntrance]
+public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable
+{
+    private SamplePluginRuntimeStateService? _stateService;
+    private SamplePluginClockService? _clockService;
+
+    public override void Initialize(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(context.DataDirectory);
+        var localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+
+        var hostName = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostApplicationName, "UnknownHost");
+        var hostVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostVersion, "UnknownVersion");
+        var sdkApiVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.PluginSdkApiVersion, "UnknownApiVersion");
+        var messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Plugin message bus is not available.");
+
+        _stateService = new SamplePluginRuntimeStateService(
+            context.Manifest,
+            context.PluginDirectory,
+            context.DataDirectory,
+            hostName,
+            hostVersion,
+            sdkApiVersion,
+            messageBus,
+            localizer);
+        context.RegisterService(_stateService);
+
+        _clockService = new SamplePluginClockService(context.DataDirectory, _stateService, messageBus, localizer);
+        context.RegisterService(_clockService);
+        _stateService.AttachClockService(_clockService);
+
+        var logPath = Path.Combine(context.DataDirectory, "sample-plugin.log");
+        var initMessage =
+            $"[{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow:O}] {context.Manifest.Name} initialized in {hostName} (plugin version {context.Manifest.Version ?? "dev"}).";
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.AppendAllText(logPath, initMessage + Environment.NewLine);
+            _stateService.MarkBackendReady(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_written",
+                "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+                logPath));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _stateService.MarkBackendFaulted(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed",
+                "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        _clockService.Start();
+
+        context.RegisterSettingsPage(new PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+            "status",
+            localizer.GetString("settings.page_title", "插件状态"),
+            () => new SamplePluginSettingsView(context)));
+
+        context.RegisterDesktopComponent(new PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+            "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.StatusClock",
+            localizer.GetString("widget.display_name", "示例插件状态时钟"),
+            widgetContext => new SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(widgetContext),
+            iconKey: "PuzzlePiece",
+            category: localizer.GetString("widget.category", "插件"),
+            minWidthCells: 4,
+            minHeightCells: 4,
+            allowDesktopPlacement: true,
+            allowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+            resizeMode: PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+            cornerRadiusResolver: cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.34, 18, 34)));
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        _clockService?.Dispose();
+        _clockService = null;
+        _stateService = null;
+    }
+
+    private static string GetHostProperty(IPluginContext context, string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return context.TryGetProperty<string>(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? value
+            : fallback;
+    }
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal enum SamplePluginHealthState
+{
+    Healthy,
+    Pending,
+    Faulted
+}
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginStatusEntry(
+    string Key,
+    string Title,
+    SamplePluginHealthState State,
+    string Summary,
+    string Detail,
+    DateTimeOffset UpdatedAt);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+    string Title,
+    string Detail);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot(
+    PluginManifest Manifest,
+    string PluginDirectory,
+    string DataDirectory,
+    string HostApplicationName,
+    string HostVersion,
+    string SdkApiVersion,
+    IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginStatusEntry> StatusEntries,
+    bool HasPlacedComponent,
+    int PlacedCount,
+    int PreviewCount,
+    IReadOnlyList<string> PlacementIds,
+    string? LastComponentId,
+    double LastCellSize,
+    DateTimeOffset? ServiceClockTime);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginClockTickMessage(DateTimeOffset CurrentTime);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginStateChangedMessage(string Reason);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginComponentInstance(
+    string ComponentId,
+    string? PlacementId,
+    double CellSize)
+{
+    public bool IsPlaced => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(PlacementId);
+}
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, SamplePluginComponentInstance> _componentInstances =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    private readonly PluginManifest _manifest;
+    private readonly string _pluginDirectory;
+    private readonly string _dataDirectory;
+    private readonly string _hostApplicationName;
+    private readonly string _hostVersion;
+    private readonly string _sdkApiVersion;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _frontend;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _component;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _backend;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _service;
+    private string? _lastComponentId;
+    private double _lastCellSize;
+    private DateTimeOffset? _serviceClockTime;
+
+    public SamplePluginRuntimeStateService(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        string hostApplicationName,
+        string hostVersion,
+        string sdkApiVersion,
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
+    {
+        _manifest = manifest;
+        _pluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        _dataDirectory = dataDirectory;
+        _hostApplicationName = hostApplicationName;
+        _hostVersion = hostVersion;
+        _sdkApiVersion = sdkApiVersion;
+        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
+
+        _frontend = CreateEntry(
+            "frontend",
+            T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.frontend.detail.pending", "等待插件界面接入。"));
+
+        _component = CreateEntry(
+            "component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.pending", "当前还没有创建组件实例。"));
+
+        _backend = CreateEntry(
+            "backend",
+            T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.backend.detail.pending", "插件初始化进行中。"));
+
+        _service = CreateEntry(
+            "service",
+            T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.service.detail.pending", "时钟服务尚未挂接。"));
+    }
+
+    public void AttachClockService(SamplePluginClockService clockService)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(clockService);
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _serviceClockTime = clockService.CurrentTime;
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+                T("status.summary.attached", "已挂接"),
+                T("status.service.detail.attached", "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。"));
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service attached");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkFrontendReady(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _frontend = CreateEntry(
+                "frontend",
+                T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Frontend updated");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkBackendReady(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _backend = CreateEntry(
+                "backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Backend updated");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkBackendFaulted(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _backend = CreateEntry(
+                "backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Backend faulted");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkClockServiceTick(DateTimeOffset currentTime)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _serviceClockTime = currentTime;
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.service.detail.running",
+                    "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+                    currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service tick");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkClockServiceFaulted(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service faulted");
+    }
+
+    public string RegisterComponentInstance(string componentId, string? placementId, double cellSize)
+    {
+        var instanceId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _componentInstances[instanceId] = new SamplePluginComponentInstance(componentId, placementId, cellSize);
+            _lastComponentId = componentId;
+            _lastCellSize = cellSize;
+            UpdateComponentStatusNoLock();
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Component attached");
+        return instanceId;
+    }
+
+    public void UnregisterComponentInstance(string instanceId)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceId);
+
+        var removed = false;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            removed = _componentInstances.Remove(instanceId);
+            if (removed)
+            {
+                UpdateComponentStatusNoLock();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (removed)
+        {
+            PublishStateChanged("Component detached");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot GetSnapshot()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            var placementIds = _componentInstances.Values
+                .Where(instance => instance.IsPlaced)
+                .Select(instance => instance.PlacementId!)
+                .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .ToArray();
+
+            var previewCount = _componentInstances.Values.Count(instance => !instance.IsPlaced);
+
+            return new SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot(
+                _manifest,
+                _pluginDirectory,
+                _dataDirectory,
+                _hostApplicationName,
+                _hostVersion,
+                _sdkApiVersion,
+                [_frontend, _component, _backend, _service],
+                placementIds.Length > 0,
+                placementIds.Length,
+                previewCount,
+                placementIds,
+                _lastComponentId,
+                _lastCellSize,
+                _serviceClockTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginCapabilityItem> GetCapabilities(
+        IPluginContext context,
+        bool hasStateService,
+        bool hasClockService,
+        bool hasMessageBus)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+
+        var propertyNames = context.Properties.Count == 0
+            ? T("common.none", "（无）")
+            : string.Join(", ", context.Properties.Keys.OrderBy(key => key, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        return
+        [
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.manifest.title", "IPluginContext.Manifest"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.manifest.detail",
+                    "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+                    context.Manifest.Id,
+                    context.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版"))),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.directories.title", "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.directories.detail",
+                    "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+                    context.PluginDirectory,
+                    context.DataDirectory)),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.properties.title", "IPluginContext.Properties"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.properties.detail",
+                    "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+                    propertyNames)),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.get_service.title", "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.get_service.detail",
+                    "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+                    FormatBoolean(hasStateService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasClockService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasMessageBus))),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.register_service.title", "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.register_service.detail",
+                    "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。")),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.message_bus.title", "插件通信总线"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.message_bus.detail",
+                    "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。")),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.widget_context.title", "PluginDesktopComponentContext"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.widget_context.detail",
+                    "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。"))
+        ];
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateComponentStatusNoLock()
+    {
+        var placementIds = _componentInstances.Values
+            .Where(instance => instance.IsPlaced)
+            .Select(instance => instance.PlacementId!)
+            .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToArray();
+
+        var previewCount = _componentInstances.Values.Count(instance => !instance.IsPlaced);
+
+        if (placementIds.Length > 0)
+        {
+            _component = CreateEntry(
+                "component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.placed", "已放置"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.placed",
+                    "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+                    placementIds.Length,
+                    previewCount,
+                    string.Join(", ", placementIds)));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (previewCount > 0)
+        {
+            _component = CreateEntry(
+                "component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.preview", "预览中"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.preview",
+                    "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+                    previewCount));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _component = CreateEntry(
+            "component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.none", "当前没有活动中的组件实例。"));
+    }
+
+    private void PublishStateChanged(string reason)
+    {
+        _messageBus.Publish(new SamplePluginStateChangedMessage(reason));
+    }
+
+    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry CreateEntry(
+        string key,
+        string title,
+        SamplePluginHealthState state,
+        string summary,
+        string detail)
+    {
+        return new SamplePluginStatusEntry(
+            key,
+            title,
+            state,
+            summary,
+            detail,
+            DateTimeOffset.Now);
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
+}
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginClockService : IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly string _clockStateFilePath;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly Timer _timer;
+    private DateTimeOffset _currentTime = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+    private int _disposed;
+
+    public SamplePluginClockService(
+        string dataDirectory,
+        SamplePluginRuntimeStateService stateService,
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
+    {
+        _clockStateFilePath = Path.Combine(dataDirectory, "clock-service.txt");
+        _stateService = stateService;
+        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
+        _timer = new Timer(OnTimerTick);
+    }
+
+    public DateTimeOffset CurrentTime
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                return _currentTime;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Start()
+    {
+        PublishTick();
+        _timer.Change(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _timer.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    private void OnTimerTick(object? state)
+    {
+        PublishTick();
+    }
+
+    private void PublishTick()
+    {
+        if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var now = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _currentTime = now;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(
+                _clockStateFilePath,
+                now.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceTick(now);
+            _messageBus.Publish(new SamplePluginClockTickMessage(now));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceFaulted(_localizer.Format(
+                "status.service.detail.write_failed",
+                "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
+        }
+    }
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
+{
+    private readonly IPluginContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly StackPanel _pluginInfoPanel = new() { Spacing = 8 };
+    private readonly StackPanel _capabilityPanel = new() { Spacing = 8 };
+    private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel = new() { Spacing = 10 };
+    private readonly List<IDisposable> _subscriptions = [];
+
+    public SamplePluginSettingsView(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
+        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginClockService is not available.");
+        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");
+
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected",
+            "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。"));
+
+        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+
+        Content = new Border
+        {
+            Background = new LinearGradientBrush
+            {
+                StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+                EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+                GradientStops =
+                [
+                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#1F0B1120"), 0),
+                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#260C4A6E"), 1)
+                ]
+            },
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6628B2FF")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(18),
+            Padding = new Thickness(18),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 14,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = T("settings.header.title", "示例插件能力检查器"),
+                        FontSize = 22,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White
+                    },
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.info", "插件信息"), _pluginInfoPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.capabilities", "可访问能力"), _capabilityPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.status", "实时运行状态"), _statusPanel)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        RefreshView();
+    }
+
+    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        SubscribeToPluginBus();
+        RefreshView();
+    }
+
+    private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        foreach (var subscription in _subscriptions)
+        {
+            subscription.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Clear();
+    }
+
+    private void SubscribeToPluginBus()
+    {
+        if (_subscriptions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginClockTickMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(RefreshView)));
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginStateChangedMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(RefreshView)));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshView()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        RefreshPluginInfo(snapshot);
+        RefreshCapabilities();
+        RefreshStatuses(snapshot);
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshPluginInfo(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Clear();
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.plugin_name", "插件名称"),
+            T("plugin.name", snapshot.Manifest.Name)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_id", "插件 Id"), snapshot.Manifest.Id));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.version", "版本"), snapshot.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.author", "作者"), snapshot.Manifest.Author ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.description", "描述"),
+            T("plugin.description", snapshot.Manifest.Description ?? T("common.none", "（无）"))));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_directory", "插件目录"), snapshot.PluginDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.data_directory", "数据目录"), snapshot.DataDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_application", "宿主应用"), snapshot.HostApplicationName));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_version", "宿主版本"), snapshot.HostVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.sdk_api_version", "SDK API 版本"), snapshot.SdkApiVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.state_service_resolved", "状态服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_resolved", "时钟服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.message_bus_resolved", "消息总线已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.component_placed", "组件是否已放置"),
+            snapshot.HasPlacedComponent ? T("common.yes", "是") : T("common.no", "否")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.placed_count", "已放置数量"), snapshot.PlacedCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.preview_count", "预览数量"), snapshot.PreviewCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.placement_ids", "放置位置 Id"),
+            snapshot.PlacementIds.Count == 0 ? T("common.none", "（无）") : string.Join(", ", snapshot.PlacementIds)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_component_id", "最近组件 Id"),
+            snapshot.LastComponentId ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_cell_size", "最近单元尺寸"),
+            snapshot.LastCellSize > 0 ? $"{snapshot.LastCellSize:F0}px" : T("common.unknown", "（未知）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_time", "时钟服务时间"),
+            _clockService.CurrentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshCapabilities()
+    {
+        var capabilities = _stateService.GetCapabilities(
+            _context,
+            _context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null,
+            _context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null,
+            _context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null);
+
+        _capabilityPanel.Children.Clear();
+        foreach (var capability in capabilities)
+        {
+            _capabilityPanel.Children.Add(CreateCapabilityCard(capability));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshStatuses(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
+
+        foreach (var entry in snapshot.StatusEntries)
+        {
+            var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
+            _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
+            {
+                Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
+                BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Border),
+                BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+                CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+                Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
+                Child = new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 4,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        CreateStatusHeader(entry, palette),
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Detail,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = Tf("settings.status.updated_at", "更新时间：{0}", entry.UpdatedAt.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")),
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF93C5FD"))
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Border CreateSection(string title, Control content)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#14000000")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3328B2FF")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(14),
+            Padding = new Thickness(14),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 12,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = title,
+                        FontSize = 16,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White
+                    },
+                    content
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Control CreateInfoLine(string label, string value)
+    {
+        var grid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("180,*"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 10
+        };
+
+        var labelText = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = label,
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBAE6FD")),
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+        var valueText = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = value,
+            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+
+        grid.Children.Add(labelText);
+        grid.Children.Add(valueText);
+        Grid.SetColumn(valueText, 1);
+        return grid;
+    }
+
+    private Control CreateCapabilityCard(SamplePluginCapabilityItem item)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#0F082F49")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3338BDF8")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+            Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 4,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = item.Title,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = item.Detail,
+                        Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreateStatusHeader(
+        SamplePluginStatusEntry entry,
+        (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) palette)
+    {
+        var grid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 8
+        };
+
+        var dot = new Border
+        {
+            Width = 10,
+            Height = 10,
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Dot),
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+        };
+        var title = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Title,
+            FontSize = 15,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            Foreground = Brushes.White
+        };
+        var summary = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Summary,
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right
+        };
+
+        grid.Children.Add(dot);
+        grid.Children.Add(title);
+        grid.Children.Add(summary);
+        Grid.SetColumn(title, 1);
+        Grid.SetColumn(summary, 2);
+        return grid;
+    }
+
+    private static (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) GetPalette(SamplePluginHealthState state)
+    {
+        return state switch
+        {
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F115E59"),
+                Color.Parse("#665EEAD4"),
+                Color.Parse("#5EEAD4")),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted => (
+                Color.Parse("#291B1B"),
+                Color.Parse("#66F87171"),
+                Color.Parse("#F87171")),
+            _ => (
+                Color.Parse("#2B3A2A0D"),
+                Color.Parse("#66FBBF24"),
+                Color.Parse("#FBBF24"))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginStatusClockWidget.cs

@@ -9,35 +9,52 @@ namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
 
 internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
 {
-    private readonly DispatcherTimer _timer = new()
-    {
-        Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)
-    };
-
     private readonly PluginDesktopComponentContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
     private readonly TextBlock _timeTextBlock;
-    private readonly TextBlock _titleTextBlock;
+    private readonly TextBlock _subtitleTextBlock;
     private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel;
+    private readonly Border _statusHost;
+    private readonly List<IDisposable> _subscriptions = [];
+    private string? _instanceId;
 
     public SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
     {
         _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
+        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginClockService is not available.");
+        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");
+
         _timeTextBlock = new TextBlock
         {
             Foreground = Brushes.White,
             FontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
             HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left
         };
-        _titleTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        _subtitleTextBlock = new TextBlock
         {
-            Text = "Plugin Status",
             Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBFE9FF")),
-            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
         };
         _statusPanel = new StackPanel
         {
             Spacing = 8
         };
+        _statusHost = new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#1F082F49")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#5538BDF8")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            Child = _statusPanel
+        };
 
         Background = new LinearGradientBrush
         {
@@ -67,55 +84,61 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
                     Children =
                     {
                         _timeTextBlock,
-                        _titleTextBlock
+                        _subtitleTextBlock
                     }
                 },
-                new Border
-                {
-                    Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#1F082F49")),
-                    BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#5538BDF8")),
-                    BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
-                    CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(18),
-                    Padding = new Thickness(12),
-                    Child = _statusPanel
-                }
+                _statusHost
             }
         };
 
         Grid.SetRow(((Grid)Child).Children[1], 1);
 
-        _timer.Tick += OnTimerTick;
         AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
         DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
         SizeChanged += OnSizeChanged;
 
-        var placementText = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(context.PlacementId)
-            ? "Preview instance created."
-            : $"Widget created for placement {context.PlacementId}.";
-        SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.MarkFrontendReady("Widget frontend surface rendered successfully.");
-        SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.MarkComponentCreated($"{placementText} Baseline footprint: 4x4.");
-
-        RefreshClock();
+        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
+        UpdateSubtitle();
         RefreshStatusPanel();
         ApplyScale();
     }
 
     private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
     {
-        RefreshClock();
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_instanceId))
+        {
+            _instanceId = _stateService.RegisterComponentInstance(
+                _context.ComponentId,
+                _context.PlacementId,
+                _context.CellSize);
+        }
+
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected",
+            "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。"));
+        SubscribeToPluginBus();
+
+        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
+        UpdateSubtitle();
         RefreshStatusPanel();
-        _timer.Start();
     }
 
     private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
     {
-        _timer.Stop();
-    }
+        foreach (var subscription in _subscriptions)
+        {
+            subscription.Dispose();
+        }
 
-    private void OnTimerTick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
-    {
-        RefreshClock();
-        RefreshStatusPanel();
+        _subscriptions.Clear();
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_instanceId))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _stateService.UnregisterComponentInstance(_instanceId);
+        _instanceId = null;
     }
 
     private void OnSizeChanged(object? sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
@@ -124,24 +147,49 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
         RefreshStatusPanel();
     }
 
-    private void RefreshClock()
+    private void SubscribeToPluginBus()
     {
-        _timeTextBlock.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
+        if (_subscriptions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginClockTickMessage>(message =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() => RefreshClock(message.CurrentTime))));
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginStateChangedMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+            {
+                UpdateSubtitle();
+                RefreshStatusPanel();
+            })));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshClock(DateTimeOffset currentTime)
+    {
+        _timeTextBlock.Text = currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateSubtitle()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        _subtitleTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_context.PlacementId)
+            ? Tf("widget.subtitle.preview", "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}", snapshot.PlacedCount)
+            : Tf("widget.subtitle.placement", "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}", _context.PlacementId!, snapshot.PlacedCount);
     }
 
     private void RefreshStatusPanel()
     {
         _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
 
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
         var basis = GetLayoutBasis();
-        var titleSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.072, 11, 16);
-        var detailSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.055, 10, 13);
+        var titleSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.068, 11, 16);
+        var detailSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.052, 9, 13);
 
-        foreach (var entry in SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.GetSnapshot())
+        foreach (var entry in snapshot.StatusEntries)
         {
             var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
-            var summaryText = $"{entry.Summary} - {entry.UpdatedAt.LocalDateTime:HH:mm:ss}";
-
             _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
             {
                 Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
@@ -151,6 +199,7 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
                 Padding = new Thickness(10, 8),
                 Child = new Grid
                 {
+                    RowDefinitions = new RowDefinitions("Auto,Auto"),
                     ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
                     ColumnSpacing = 8,
                     Children =
@@ -173,12 +222,19 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
                         },
                         new TextBlock
                         {
-                            Text = summaryText,
+                            Text = entry.Summary,
                             FontSize = detailSize,
                             Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
                             HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right,
                             TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Right,
                             VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Detail,
+                            FontSize = detailSize,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -187,6 +243,8 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
             var row = (Grid)((Border)_statusPanel.Children[^1]).Child!;
             Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[1], 1);
             Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[2], 2);
+            Grid.SetColumnSpan(row.Children[3], 3);
+            Grid.SetRow(row.Children[3], 1);
         }
     }
 
@@ -196,7 +254,10 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
         Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.09, 16, 26));
         CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.14, 20, 34));
         _timeTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.22, 30, 58);
-        _titleTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.07, 12, 18);
+        _subtitleTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.062, 11, 17);
+        _statusHost.Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.045, 10, 18));
+        _statusHost.CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.09, 14, 22));
+        _statusPanel.Spacing = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.024, 6, 10);
     }
 
     private double GetLayoutBasis()
@@ -224,4 +285,14 @@ internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
                 Color.Parse("#FDBA74"))
         };
     }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
 }

LanAirApp/samples/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 示例插件
+
+本目录用于存放阑山桌面的示例开发插件。
+
+当前示例：
+- `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`
+
+说明：
+- 这个插件是**示例开发插件**，用于演示插件项目结构、服务注册、设置页注册、桌面组件注册、`.laapp` 打包与安装流程。
+- 开发新插件时，建议直接从这个示例插件复制一份再修改。
+- 示例插件属于 `LanAirApp/` 对外开发工作区；宿主应用里的插件运行时与解析实现位于 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。

LanAirApp/standards/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 插件标准文件
+
+这里存放 LanMountainDesktop 插件开发所使用的标准模板与约定文件。
+
+当前标准：
+- 安装包扩展名：`.laapp`
+- 插件清单文件名：`plugin.json`
+- 多语言资源目录：`Localization/`
+- 建议内置语言文件：`zh-CN.json`、`en-US.json`
+
+创建新插件时，建议优先参考本目录中的模板文件。

LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "id": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin",
+  "name": "Your Plugin",
+  "description": "Describe what your plugin adds to LanMountainDesktop.",
+  "author": "Your Name",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "apiVersion": "1.0.0",
+  "entranceAssembly": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin.dll"
+}

LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+return await RunAsync(args);
+
+static async Task<int> RunAsync(string[] args)
+{
+    if (args.Length == 0 || args.Any(arg => string.Equals(arg, "--help", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+    {
+        PrintUsage();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    string? inputDirectory = null;
+    string? outputPath = null;
+    var overwrite = false;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+    {
+        switch (args[i])
+        {
+            case "--input":
+                inputDirectory = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--input");
+                break;
+            case "--output":
+                outputPath = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--output");
+                break;
+            case "--overwrite":
+                overwrite = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown argument '{args[i]}'.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(inputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing required argument '--input'.");
+    }
+
+    var fullInputDirectory = Path.GetFullPath(inputDirectory);
+    if (!Directory.Exists(fullInputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new DirectoryNotFoundException($"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' was not found.");
+    }
+
+    var manifestPath = Path.Combine(fullInputDirectory, PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName);
+    if (!File.Exists(manifestPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' does not contain '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}'.",
+            manifestPath);
+    }
+
+    var manifest = PluginManifest.Load(manifestPath);
+    var entranceAssemblyPath = manifest.ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(manifestPath);
+    if (!File.Exists(entranceAssemblyPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"The entrance assembly declared by '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}' was not found.",
+            entranceAssemblyPath);
+    }
+
+    outputPath ??= Path.Combine(
+        Path.GetDirectoryName(fullInputDirectory) ?? fullInputDirectory,
+        BuildPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+
+    var fullOutputPath = Path.GetFullPath(outputPath);
+    var inputDirectoryWithSeparator = EnsureTrailingSeparator(fullInputDirectory);
+    if (fullOutputPath.StartsWith(inputDirectoryWithSeparator, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("The output .laapp path cannot be placed inside the source directory.");
+    }
+
+    var destinationDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullOutputPath);
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(destinationDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to determine the output directory for the .laapp package.");
+    }
+
+    Directory.CreateDirectory(destinationDirectory);
+    if (File.Exists(fullOutputPath))
+    {
+        if (!overwrite)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"The output package '{fullOutputPath}' already exists. Pass '--overwrite' to replace it.");
+        }
+
+        File.Delete(fullOutputPath);
+    }
+
+    await Task.Run(() => ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(
+        fullInputDirectory,
+        fullOutputPath,
+        CompressionLevel.Optimal,
+        includeBaseDirectory: false));
+
+    Console.WriteLine($"Packaged '{manifest.Name}' to '{fullOutputPath}'.");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static string ReadValue(IReadOnlyList<string> args, ref int index, string optionName)
+{
+    var nextIndex = index + 1;
+    if (nextIndex >= args.Count)
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing value for '{optionName}'.");
+    }
+
+    index = nextIndex;
+    return args[nextIndex];
+}
+
+static string BuildPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+{
+    var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+    var safeName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+    return safeName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+}
+
+static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
+{
+    return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
+        ? path
+        : path + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+}
+
+static void PrintUsage()
+{
+    Console.WriteLine("LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager");
+    Console.WriteLine("Usage:");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --input <plugin build directory>   Required");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --output <path to .laapp>          Optional");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --overwrite                        Optional");
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginContext.cs

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ public interface IPluginContext
 
     bool TryGetProperty<T>(string key, out T? value);
 
+    void RegisterService<TService>(TService service)
+        where TService : class;
+
     void RegisterSettingsPage(PluginSettingsPageRegistration registration);
 
     void RegisterDesktopComponent(PluginDesktopComponentRegistration registration);

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginMessageBus.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginMessageBus
+{
+    IDisposable Subscribe<TMessage>(Action<TMessage> handler);
+
+    void Publish<TMessage>(TMessage message);
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Remove="_build_verify_*\**\*.cs" />
     <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.12" />
   </ItemGroup>
 

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginHostPropertyKeys.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginHostPropertyKeys
+{
+    public const string HostApplicationName = "HostApplicationName";
+    public const string HostVersion = "HostVersion";
+    public const string PluginSdkApiVersion = "PluginSdkApiVersion";
+    public const string HostLanguageCode = "HostLanguageCode";
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLocalizer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginLocalizer
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new()
+    {
+        ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Skip,
+        AllowTrailingCommas = true
+    };
+
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> _cache =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public PluginLocalizer(string pluginDirectory, string? languageCode)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginDirectory);
+
+        PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        LanguageCode = NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode);
+    }
+
+    public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    public string LanguageCode { get; }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public string GetString(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+        var primaryTable = LoadLanguageTable(LanguageCode);
+        if (primaryTable.TryGetValue(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(LanguageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var fallbackTable = LoadLanguageTable("en-US");
+            if (fallbackTable.TryGetValue(key, out value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+            {
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return fallback;
+    }
+
+    public string Format(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, GetString(key, fallback), args);
+    }
+
+    public static string NormalizeLanguageCode(string? languageCode)
+    {
+        return string.Equals(languageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? "en-US"
+            : "zh-CN";
+    }
+
+    public static string ResolveLanguageCode(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(properties);
+
+        return properties.TryGetValue(PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostLanguageCode, out var rawValue) &&
+               rawValue is string languageCode
+            ? NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode)
+            : NormalizeLanguageCode(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.Name);
+    }
+
+    private Dictionary<string, string> LoadLanguageTable(string languageCode)
+    {
+        if (_cache.TryGetValue(languageCode, out var table))
+        {
+            return table;
+        }
+
+        var result = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        try
+        {
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(PluginDirectory, "Localization", $"{languageCode}.json");
+            if (File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                var json = File.ReadAllText(filePath).TrimStart('\uFEFF');
+                var data = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(json, JsonOptions);
+                if (data is not null)
+                {
+                    result = new Dictionary<string, string>(data, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Keep empty localization table for plugin resilience.
+        }
+
+        _cache[languageCode] = result;
+        return result;
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
-
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
-
-[PluginEntrance]
-public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable
-{
-    private SamplePluginHeartbeatService? _heartbeatService;
-
-    public override void Initialize(IPluginContext context)
-    {
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(context.DataDirectory);
-
-        var hostName = context.TryGetProperty<string>("HostApplicationName", out var configuredHostName) &&
-                       !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configuredHostName)
-            ? configuredHostName
-            : "UnknownHost";
-
-        var version = context.Manifest.Version ?? "dev";
-        SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.Reset(hostName, version, context.DataDirectory);
-
-        var message =
-            $"[{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow:O}] {context.Manifest.Name} initialized in {hostName} (plugin version {version}).";
-
-        try
-        {
-            File.AppendAllText(
-                Path.Combine(context.DataDirectory, "sample-plugin.log"),
-                message + Environment.NewLine);
-            SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.MarkBackendReady(
-                $"Plugin entry initialized successfully. Host: {hostName}; Version: {version}");
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.MarkBackendFaulted($"Initialization log write failed: {ex.Message}");
-            throw;
-        }
-
-        _heartbeatService = new SamplePluginHeartbeatService(context.DataDirectory);
-        _heartbeatService.Start();
-
-        context.RegisterSettingsPage(new PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
-            "status",
-            "Plugin Status",
-            () => new SamplePluginSettingsView(context)));
-
-        context.RegisterDesktopComponent(new PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
-            "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.StatusClock",
-            "Sample Plugin Status Clock",
-            widgetContext => new SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(widgetContext),
-            iconKey: "PuzzlePiece",
-            category: "Plugins",
-            minWidthCells: 4,
-            minHeightCells: 4,
-            allowDesktopPlacement: true,
-            allowStatusBarPlacement: false,
-            resizeMode: PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
-            cornerRadiusResolver: cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.34, 18, 34)));
-    }
-
-    public void Dispose()
-    {
-        _heartbeatService?.Dispose();
-        _heartbeatService = null;
-    }
-}

LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs

@@ -1,251 +0,0 @@
-using System.Globalization;
-using System.IO;
-using System.Threading;
-
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
-
-internal enum SamplePluginHealthState
-{
-    Healthy,
-    Pending,
-    Faulted
-}
-
-internal sealed record SamplePluginStatusEntry(
-    string Key,
-    string Title,
-    SamplePluginHealthState State,
-    string Summary,
-    string Detail,
-    DateTimeOffset UpdatedAt);
-
-internal static class SamplePluginRuntimeStatus
-{
-    private static readonly object Gate = new();
-
-    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry _frontend = CreateEntry(
-        "frontend",
-        "Frontend",
-        SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-        "Pending",
-        "Frontend surfaces have not been created yet.");
-
-    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry _component = CreateEntry(
-        "component",
-        "Component",
-        SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-        "Pending",
-        "The 4x4 component has not been created yet.");
-
-    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry _backend = CreateEntry(
-        "backend",
-        "Backend",
-        SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-        "Pending",
-        "Plugin initialization has not finished yet.");
-
-    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry _service = CreateEntry(
-        "service",
-        "Service",
-        SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-        "Pending",
-        "Heartbeat service has not started yet.");
-
-    public static void Reset(string hostName, string version, string dataDirectory)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _frontend = CreateEntry(
-                "frontend",
-                "Frontend",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-                "Pending",
-                "Waiting for the settings page or widget surface to render.");
-
-            _component = CreateEntry(
-                "component",
-                "Component",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-                "Pending",
-                "The 4x4 component has not been created yet.");
-
-            _backend = CreateEntry(
-                "backend",
-                "Backend",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Healthy",
-                $"Plugin initialized. Host: {hostName}; Version: {version}; Data: {dataDirectory}");
-
-            _service = CreateEntry(
-                "service",
-                "Service",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
-                "Pending",
-                "Heartbeat service is starting.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void MarkFrontendReady(string detail)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _frontend = CreateEntry(
-                "frontend",
-                "Frontend",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Healthy",
-                detail);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void MarkComponentCreated(string detail)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _component = CreateEntry(
-                "component",
-                "Component",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Created",
-                detail);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void MarkBackendReady(string detail)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _backend = CreateEntry(
-                "backend",
-                "Backend",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Healthy",
-                detail);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void MarkBackendFaulted(string detail)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _backend = CreateEntry(
-                "backend",
-                "Backend",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
-                "Faulted",
-                detail);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void MarkServiceHeartbeat(DateTimeOffset timestamp)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _service = CreateEntry(
-                "service",
-                "Service",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
-                "Healthy",
-                $"Heartbeat service is running. Last heartbeat: {timestamp.LocalDateTime:HH:mm:ss}");
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static void MarkServiceFaulted(string detail)
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            _service = CreateEntry(
-                "service",
-                "Service",
-                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
-                "Faulted",
-                detail);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginStatusEntry> GetSnapshot()
-    {
-        lock (Gate)
-        {
-            return
-            [
-                _frontend,
-                _component,
-                _backend,
-                _service
-            ];
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry CreateEntry(
-        string key,
-        string title,
-        SamplePluginHealthState state,
-        string summary,
-        string detail)
-    {
-        return new SamplePluginStatusEntry(
-            key,
-            title,
-            state,
-            summary,
-            detail,
-            DateTimeOffset.Now);
-    }
-}
-
-internal sealed class SamplePluginHeartbeatService : IDisposable
-{
-    private readonly string _heartbeatFilePath;
-    private readonly Timer _timer;
-    private int _disposed;
-
-    public SamplePluginHeartbeatService(string dataDirectory)
-    {
-        Directory.CreateDirectory(dataDirectory);
-        _heartbeatFilePath = Path.Combine(dataDirectory, "service-heartbeat.txt");
-        _timer = new Timer(OnTimerTick);
-    }
-
-    public void Start()
-    {
-        PublishHeartbeat();
-        _timer.Change(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
-    }
-
-    public void Dispose()
-    {
-        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        _timer.Dispose();
-    }
-
-    private void OnTimerTick(object? state)
-    {
-        PublishHeartbeat();
-    }
-
-    private void PublishHeartbeat()
-    {
-        if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        var now = DateTimeOffset.Now;
-        try
-        {
-            File.WriteAllText(
-                _heartbeatFilePath,
-                now.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
-            SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.MarkServiceHeartbeat(now);
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.MarkServiceFaulted($"Heartbeat write failed: {ex.Message}");
-        }
-    }
-}

LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-using Avalonia;
-using Avalonia.Controls;
-using Avalonia.Layout;
-using Avalonia.Media;
-using Avalonia.Threading;
-using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
-
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
-
-internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
-{
-    private readonly DispatcherTimer _refreshTimer = new()
-    {
-        Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)
-    };
-
-    private readonly IPluginContext _context;
-    private readonly TextBlock _summaryTextBlock;
-    private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel;
-
-    public SamplePluginSettingsView(IPluginContext context)
-    {
-        _context = context;
-        _summaryTextBlock = new TextBlock
-        {
-            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBAE6FD")),
-            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
-        };
-        _statusPanel = new StackPanel
-        {
-            Spacing = 10
-        };
-
-        SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.MarkFrontendReady("Settings page rendered successfully.");
-
-        _refreshTimer.Tick += OnRefreshTimerTick;
-        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
-        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
-
-        Content = new Border
-        {
-            Background = new LinearGradientBrush
-            {
-                StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
-                EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
-                GradientStops =
-                [
-                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#1F0B1120"), 0),
-                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#260C4A6E"), 1)
-                ]
-            },
-            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6628B2FF")),
-            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
-            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(18),
-            Padding = new Thickness(18),
-            Child = new StackPanel
-            {
-                Spacing = 14,
-                Children =
-                {
-                    new TextBlock
-                    {
-                        Text = "Sample Plugin Runtime Status",
-                        FontSize = 22,
-                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
-                        Foreground = Brushes.White
-                    },
-                    _summaryTextBlock,
-                    new Border
-                    {
-                        Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#14000000")),
-                        BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3328B2FF")),
-                        BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
-                        CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(14),
-                        Padding = new Thickness(14),
-                        Child = _statusPanel
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        RefreshStatuses();
-    }
-
-    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
-    {
-        RefreshStatuses();
-        _refreshTimer.Start();
-    }
-
-    private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
-    {
-        _refreshTimer.Stop();
-    }
-
-    private void OnRefreshTimerTick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
-    {
-        RefreshStatuses();
-    }
-
-    private void RefreshStatuses()
-    {
-        _summaryTextBlock.Text =
-            $"Plugin Id: {_context.Manifest.Id}\nVersion: {_context.Manifest.Version ?? "dev"}\nData Path: {_context.DataDirectory}";
-
-        _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
-        foreach (var entry in SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.GetSnapshot())
-        {
-            var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
-            _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
-            {
-                Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
-                BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Border),
-                BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
-                CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
-                Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
-                Child = new StackPanel
-                {
-                    Spacing = 4,
-                    Children =
-                    {
-                        new Grid
-                        {
-                            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
-                            ColumnSpacing = 8,
-                            Children =
-                            {
-                                new Border
-                                {
-                                    Width = 10,
-                                    Height = 10,
-                                    CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
-                                    Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Dot),
-                                    VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
-                                },
-                                new TextBlock
-                                {
-                                    Text = entry.Title,
-                                    FontSize = 15,
-                                    FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
-                                    Foreground = Brushes.White
-                                },
-                                new TextBlock
-                                {
-                                    Text = entry.Summary,
-                                    Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
-                                    HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right
-                                }
-                            }
-                        },
-                        new TextBlock
-                        {
-                            Text = entry.Detail,
-                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
-                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
-                        },
-                        new TextBlock
-                        {
-                            Text = $"Updated: {entry.UpdatedAt.LocalDateTime:HH:mm:ss}",
-                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF93C5FD"))
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-
-            var row = (Grid)((StackPanel)((Border)_statusPanel.Children[^1]).Child!).Children[0];
-            Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[1], 1);
-            Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[2], 2);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) GetPalette(SamplePluginHealthState state)
-    {
-        return state switch
-        {
-            SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy => (
-                Color.Parse("#1F115E59"),
-                Color.Parse("#665EEAD4"),
-                Color.Parse("#5EEAD4")),
-            SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted => (
-                Color.Parse("#291B1B"),
-                Color.Parse("#66F87171"),
-                Color.Parse("#F87171")),
-            _ => (
-                Color.Parse("#2B3A2A0D"),
-                Color.Parse("#66FBBF24"),
-                Color.Parse("#FBBF24"))
-        };
-    }
-}

LanMountainDesktop.sln

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ VisualStudioVersion = 17.0.31903.59
 MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop", "LanMountainDesktop\LanMountainDesktop.csproj", "{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}"
 EndProject
-Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin", "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj", "{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}"
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin", "LanAirApp\samples\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj", "{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager", "LanAirApp\tools\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj", "{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}"
 EndProject
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk", "LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj", "{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}"
 EndProject
@@ -23,6 +25,10 @@ Global
 		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
 		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU

LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs

@@ -96,45 +96,7 @@ public partial class App : Application
 
     private void OnTrayRestartClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
     {
-        if (ApplicationLifetime is not IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (TryStartCurrentProcess())
-        {
-            desktop.Shutdown();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static bool TryStartCurrentProcess()
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            var args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
-            if (args.Length == 0 || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[0]))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
-            {
-                FileName = args[0],
-                UseShellExecute = false
-            };
-
-            for (var i = 1; i < args.Length; i++)
-            {
-                startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(args[i]);
-            }
-
-            Process.Start(startInfo);
-            return true;
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
+        AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication();
     }
 
     private void DisableAvaloniaDataAnnotationValidation()

LanMountainDesktop/Localization/en-US.json

@@ -237,6 +237,25 @@
     "settings.about.startup_header":  "Windows Startup",
     "settings.about.startup_desc":  "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.",
     "settings.about.startup_toggle":  "Launch at Windows sign-in",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_header":  "App Rendering Mode",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_desc":  "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.default":  "Default",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.software":  "Software",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl":  "angleEgl",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.wgl":  "WGL",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.vulkan":  "Vulkan",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.unknown":  "Unknown",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_label":  "Current actual backend",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "Current backend: {0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "Runtime implementation details are unavailable.",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "Restart now",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "Cancel",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "Restart app",
     "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop Settings",
     "filepicker.title":  "Select wallpaper",
     "filepicker.image_files":  "Image files",
@@ -288,6 +307,15 @@
     "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "Plugin '{0}' was {1} for the next launch. Restart the app to apply page and widget changes.",
     "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "enabled",
     "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "Open .laapp package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "Open a .laapp package to install it into: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "Select plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "Storage provider is unavailable.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "Failed to copy the selected .laapp package.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "Installed plugin '{0}'. Restart the app to apply newly added settings pages and widgets.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "Failed to install plugin package: {0}",
     "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp package",
     "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "Loose manifest",
     "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",

LanMountainDesktop/Localization/zh-CN.json

@@ -237,6 +237,25 @@
     "settings.about.startup_header":  "Windows 自启动",
     "settings.about.startup_desc":  "在登录 Windows 时自动启动应用。",
     "settings.about.startup_toggle":  "登录 Windows 时启动",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_header":  "应用渲染模式",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_desc":  "选择应用渲染后端。更改后需要重启应用生效。不支持的模式会回退到软件渲染。",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.default":  "默认",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.software":  "软件",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl":  "angleEgl",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.wgl":  "WGL",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.vulkan":  "Vulkan",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.unknown":  "未知",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_label":  "当前实际渲染后端",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "当前后端：{0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "运行时实现：{0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "当前无法获取运行时实现信息。",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "需要重启应用，才能将渲染模式从“{0}”切换到“{1}”。是否现在重启？",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "立即重启",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "取消",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "部分更改需要在重启应用后才会生效。",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "重启应用",
     "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop 设置",
     "filepicker.title":  "选择壁纸",
     "filepicker.image_files":  "图片文件",
@@ -288,6 +307,15 @@
     "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "插件“{0}”已在下次启动时设为{1}。重启应用后，设置页和组件变更才会生效。",
     "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "启用",
     "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "打开 .laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用，暂时无法安装 .laapp 插件包。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "打开一个 .laapp 插件包，安装到：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "选择插件安装包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "文件存储提供程序不可用。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "复制所选 .laapp 插件包失败。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "插件“{0}”安装完成。重启应用后，新增的设置页和组件才会生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "安装插件包失败：{0}",
     "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp 包",
     "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "散装清单",
     "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",

LanMountainDesktop/Models/AppSettingsSnapshot.cs

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot
 
     public bool AutoStartWithWindows { get; set; }
 
+    public string AppRenderMode { get; set; } = "Default";
+
     public bool AutoCheckUpdates { get; set; } = true;
 
     public bool IncludePrereleaseUpdates { get; set; }

LanMountainDesktop/Program.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.WebView.Desktop;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using System;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop;
@@ -10,14 +11,42 @@ sealed class Program
     // SynchronizationContext-reliant code before AppMain is called: things aren't initialized
     // yet and stuff might break.
     [STAThread]
-    public static void Main(string[] args) => BuildAvaloniaApp()
+    public static void Main(string[] args) => BuildAvaloniaApp(LoadConfiguredRenderMode())
         .StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(args);
 
     // Avalonia configuration, don't remove; also used by visual designer.
-    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp()
-        => AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
+    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp(string renderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default)
+    {
+        var builder = AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
             .UsePlatformDetect()
             .UseDesktopWebView()
             .WithInterFont()
             .LogToTrace();
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            var configuredModes = AppRenderingModeHelper.GetWin32RenderingModes(renderMode);
+            if (configuredModes is { Length: > 0 })
+            {
+                builder = builder.With(new Win32PlatformOptions
+                {
+                    RenderingMode = configuredModes
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    private static string LoadConfiguredRenderMode()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(new AppSettingsService().Load().AppRenderMode);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+        }
+    }
 }

LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public readonly record struct AppRenderBackendInfo(
+    string ActualBackend,
+    string? ImplementationTypeName);
+
+public static class AppRenderBackendDiagnostics
+{
+    public const string Unknown = "Unknown";
+
+    public static AppRenderBackendInfo Detect()
+    {
+        var platformGraphics = GetPlatformGraphics();
+        var implementationTypeName = platformGraphics?.GetType().FullName;
+        var actualBackend = DetectBackendFromImplementationType(implementationTypeName, platformGraphics is null);
+
+        return new AppRenderBackendInfo(actualBackend, implementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private static object? GetPlatformGraphics()
+    {
+        var currentResolver = typeof(AvaloniaLocator)
+            .GetProperty("Current", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static)
+            ?.GetValue(null);
+
+        var getServiceMethod = currentResolver?
+            .GetType()
+            .GetMethod(
+                "GetService",
+                BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance,
+                binder: null,
+                types: [typeof(Type)],
+                modifiers: null);
+
+        return getServiceMethod?.Invoke(currentResolver, [typeof(IPlatformGraphics)]);
+    }
+
+    private static string DetectBackendFromImplementationType(string? implementationTypeName, bool isSoftwareFallback)
+    {
+        if (isSoftwareFallback)
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Software;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(implementationTypeName))
+        {
+            return Unknown;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Vulkan", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Wgl", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Angle", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+            implementationTypeName.Contains("Egl", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl;
+        }
+
+        return Unknown;
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderingModeHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using Avalonia;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppRenderingModeHelper
+{
+    public const string Default = "Default";
+    public const string Software = "Software";
+    public const string AngleEgl = "AngleEgl";
+    public const string Wgl = "Wgl";
+    public const string Vulkan = "Vulkan";
+
+    public static string Normalize(string? value)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return Default;
+        }
+
+        return value.Trim().ToUpperInvariant() switch
+        {
+            "SOFTWARE" => Software,
+            "ANGLEEGL" => AngleEgl,
+            "ANGLE_EGL" => AngleEgl,
+            "WGL" => Wgl,
+            "VULKAN" => Vulkan,
+            _ => Default
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static Win32RenderingMode[]? GetWin32RenderingModes(string? value)
+    {
+        return Normalize(value) switch
+        {
+            Software => [Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            AngleEgl => [Win32RenderingMode.AngleEgl, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            Wgl => [Win32RenderingMode.Wgl, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            Vulkan => [Win32RenderingMode.Vulkan, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            _ => null
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRestartService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppRestartService
+{
+    public static bool TryRestartApplication()
+    {
+        if (!TryRestartCurrentProcess())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Application.Current?.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+        {
+            desktop.Shutdown();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TryRestartCurrentProcess()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var startInfo = CreateRestartStartInfo();
+            if (startInfo is null)
+            {
+                Debug.WriteLine("[AppRestart] Failed to resolve restart start info.");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Process.Start(startInfo);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine($"[AppRestart] Failed to restart app: {ex}");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static ProcessStartInfo? CreateRestartStartInfo(
+        string[]? commandLineArgs = null,
+        string? processPath = null,
+        string? entryAssemblyLocation = null)
+    {
+        var args = commandLineArgs ?? Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
+        var resolvedProcessPath = NormalizeExistingPath(processPath ?? Environment.ProcessPath);
+        var resolvedEntryAssemblyPath = NormalizeExistingPath(
+            entryAssemblyLocation ?? Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.Location);
+
+        if (IsDotnetHost(resolvedProcessPath))
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+                resolvedProcessPath!,
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resolvedProcessPath))
+        {
+            return CreateExecutableStartInfo(
+                resolvedProcessPath,
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resolvedEntryAssemblyPath) &&
+            string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(resolvedEntryAssemblyPath), ".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+                "dotnet",
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static ProcessStartInfo CreateExecutableStartInfo(
+        string executablePath,
+        string? entryAssemblyPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+        {
+            FileName = executablePath,
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = ResolveWorkingDirectory(executablePath, entryAssemblyPath)
+        };
+
+        AppendArguments(startInfo, commandLineArgs);
+        return startInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static ProcessStartInfo? CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+        string dotnetHostPath,
+        string? entryAssemblyPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entryAssemblyPath))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+        {
+            FileName = dotnetHostPath,
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = ResolveWorkingDirectory(dotnetHostPath, entryAssemblyPath)
+        };
+
+        startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(entryAssemblyPath);
+        AppendArguments(startInfo, commandLineArgs);
+        return startInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static void AppendArguments(ProcessStartInfo startInfo, IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        for (var i = 1; i < commandLineArgs.Count; i++)
+        {
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(commandLineArgs[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string? NormalizeExistingPath(string? path)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var fullPath = Path.GetFullPath(path);
+            return File.Exists(fullPath) ? fullPath : null;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsDotnetHost(string? processPath)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(processPath))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var fileName = Path.GetFileName(processPath);
+        return string.Equals(fileName, "dotnet", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+               string.Equals(fileName, "dotnet.exe", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveWorkingDirectory(string launchPath, string? entryAssemblyPath)
+    {
+        var basePath = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entryAssemblyPath)
+            ? entryAssemblyPath
+            : launchPath;
+
+        return Path.GetDirectoryName(basePath) ?? AppContext.BaseDirectory;
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Services/PendingRestartStateService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class PendingRestartStateService
+{
+    public const string RenderModeReason = "RenderMode";
+    public const string PluginCatalogReason = "PluginCatalog";
+
+    private static readonly object Gate = new();
+    private static readonly HashSet<string> PendingReasons = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public static event Action? StateChanged;
+
+    public static bool HasPendingRestart
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                return PendingReasons.Count > 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static bool HasPendingReason(string reason)
+    {
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            return PendingReasons.Contains(reason);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void SetPending(string reason, bool pending)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(reason))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var changed = false;
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            changed = pending
+                ? PendingReasons.Add(reason)
+                : PendingReasons.Remove(reason);
+        }
+
+        if (changed)
+        {
+            StateChanged?.Invoke();
+        }
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Localization.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
 using Avalonia.Layout;
 using FluentIcons.Avalonia;
 using FluentIcons.Common;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
 
@@ -276,26 +278,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
             "Right-click an icon in launcher to hide it. Hidden entries appear here.");
         LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_empty", "No hidden items.");
 
-        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_desc",
-            "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
-        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_hint",
-            "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
-        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_status",
-            "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
-        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
-        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L(
-            "settings.plugins.installed_desc",
-            "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
-        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.restart_hint",
-            "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
-        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
-        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+        ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization();
 
         SettingsNavAboutItem.Content = L("settings.nav.about", "About");
         AboutPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.about.title", "About");
@@ -315,6 +298,17 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         AboutStartupSettingsExpander.Description = L(
             "settings.about.startup_desc",
             "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.about.render_mode_header", "Rendering Mode");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode_desc",
+            "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.");
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Default, L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Software, L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan, L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"));
+        UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus();
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
 
         if (WallpaperPlacementComboBox?.ItemCount >= 5)
         {
@@ -341,6 +335,19 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         UpdateWallpaperDisplay();
     }
 
+    private void SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(string tag, string content)
+    {
+        var item = AppRenderModeComboBox.Items
+            .OfType<ComboBoxItem>()
+            .FirstOrDefault(candidate =>
+                string.Equals(candidate.Tag?.ToString(), tag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        if (item is not null)
+        {
+            item.Content = content;
+        }
+    }
+
     private string GetLocalizedTimeZoneDisplayName(TimeZoneInfo timeZone)
     {
         var offset = timeZone.GetUtcOffset(DateTime.UtcNow);

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RenderBackend.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using System;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private void UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus()
+    {
+        var backendInfo = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect();
+        var localizedBackend = GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(backendInfo.ActualBackend);
+
+        CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_label",
+            "Current actual backend");
+        CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock.Text = Lf(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_format",
+            "Current backend: {0}",
+            localizedBackend);
+        CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName)
+            ? L(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable",
+                "Runtime implementation is unavailable.")
+            : Lf(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format",
+                "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+                backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(string renderBackend)
+    {
+        return renderBackend switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Default => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown")
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RestartPrompt.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private bool _isRestartPromptVisible;
+
+    private void OnPendingRestartStateChanged()
+    {
+        if (Dispatcher.UIThread.CheckAccess())
+        {
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(UpdatePendingRestartDock);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePendingRestartDock()
+    {
+        PendingRestartDock.IsVisible = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingRestart;
+        PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.title", "Restart required");
+        PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.button", "Restart app");
+    }
+
+    private async void OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync();
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(string selectedMode)
+    {
+        var message = Lf(
+            "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message",
+            "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(_runningAppRenderMode),
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(selectedMode));
+
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(message);
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync()
+    {
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app."));
+    }
+
+    private async Task ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(string message)
+    {
+        if (_isRestartPromptVisible)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isRestartPromptVisible = true;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var dialog = new ContentDialog
+            {
+                Title = L("settings.restart_dialog.title", "Restart required"),
+                Content = message,
+                PrimaryButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.restart", "Restart now"),
+                CloseButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.cancel", "Cancel"),
+                DefaultButton = ContentDialogButton.Primary
+            };
+
+            var result = await dialog.ShowAsync(this);
+            if (result == ContentDialogResult.Primary)
+            {
+                if (!AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication())
+                {
+                    UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _isRestartPromptVisible = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (renderMode == AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown)
+        {
+            return L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown");
+        }
+
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default")
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Settings.cs

@@ -978,6 +978,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
             InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
             _ = _componentSettingsService.Load();
             InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+            InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
             InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
             InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
             InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
@@ -1040,6 +1041,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         snapshot.WeatherIconPackId = _weatherIconPackId;
         snapshot.WeatherNoTlsRequests = _weatherNoTlsRequests;
         snapshot.AutoStartWithWindows = _autoStartWithWindows;
+        snapshot.AppRenderMode = _selectedAppRenderMode;
         snapshot.AutoCheckUpdates = _autoCheckUpdates;
         snapshot.IncludePrereleaseUpdates = IncludePrereleaseUpdates;
         snapshot.UpdateChannel = IncludePrereleaseUpdates ? UpdateChannelPreview : UpdateChannelStable;
@@ -1220,6 +1222,61 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         }
     }
 
+    private void InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(snapshot.AppRenderMode);
+        _runningAppRenderMode = ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+        var renderModeForUi = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingReason(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason)
+            ? _selectedAppRenderMode
+            : _runningAppRenderMode;
+
+        if (AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = true;
+        try
+        {
+            AppRenderModeComboBox.IsEnabled = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(renderModeForUi);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SelectAppRenderModeInUi(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(renderMode);
+    }
+
+    private static int GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(string renderMode)
+    {
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => 1,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => 2,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => 3,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => 4,
+            _ => 0
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(string configuredRenderMode)
+    {
+        var detectedRenderMode = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect().ActualBackend;
+        return string.Equals(detectedRenderMode, AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? configuredRenderMode
+            : AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(detectedRenderMode);
+    }
+
     private static WeatherLocationMode ParseWeatherLocationMode(string? value)
     {
         return string.Equals(value, "Coordinates", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -1487,6 +1544,33 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         PersistSettings();
     }
 
+    private void OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged(object? sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (_suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents || AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var selectedMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(
+            TryGetSelectedComboBoxTag(AppRenderModeComboBox));
+
+        if (string.Equals(_selectedAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = selectedMode;
+        PersistSettings();
+        var requiresRestart = !string.Equals(_runningAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason, requiresRestart);
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+
+        if (requiresRestart)
+        {
+            _ = ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(selectedMode);
+        }
+    }
+
     private async void OnSearchWeatherCityClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
     {
         if (_isWeatherSearchInProgress || WeatherCitySearchTextBox is null || WeatherCityResultsComboBox is null)
@@ -2640,7 +2724,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow
     // --- AboutSettingsPage ---
     internal TextBlock AboutPanelTitleTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("AboutPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
     internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutStartupSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutStartupSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander")!;
     internal ToggleSwitch AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal ComboBox AppRenderModeComboBox => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("AppRenderModeComboBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock VersionTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("VersionTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock CodeNameTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CodeNameTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock FontInfoTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("FontInfoTextBlock")!;
@@ -2652,14 +2741,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow
     internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock")!;
 
-    // --- PluginSettingsPage (Added for completeness) ---
-    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
 }
 
 

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
                                 ClipToBounds="True"
                                 BorderThickness="0"
                                 PointerWheelChanged="OnDesktopPagesPointerWheelChanged">
-                            <Grid x:Name="SettingsContentPagesHost">
+                            <Grid>
                                 <Grid x:Name="DesktopPagesHost"
                                       HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                                       VerticalAlignment="Top">
@@ -377,88 +377,138 @@
                 <Border Classes="mica-strong"
                         CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusXl}"
                         Padding="18">
-                    <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
-                                       PaneDisplayMode="Left"
-                                       IsSettingsVisible="False"
-                                       OpenPaneLength="220"
-                                       SelectionChanged="OnSettingsNavSelectionChanged">
-                        <ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWallpaperItem" Content="壁纸" Tag="Wallpaper" ToolTip.Tip="壁纸">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Wallpaper" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavGridItem" Content="网格" Tag="Grid" ToolTip.Tip="网格">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Grid" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavColorItem" Content="颜色" Tag="Color" ToolTip.Tip="颜色">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Color" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavStatusBarItem" Content="状态栏" Tag="StatusBar" ToolTip.Tip="状态栏">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Status" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWeatherItem" Content="天气" Tag="Weather" ToolTip.Tip="天气">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="WeatherSunny" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavRegionItem" Content="地区" Tag="Region" ToolTip.Tip="地区">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Globe" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavUpdateItem" Content="更新" Tag="Update" ToolTip.Tip="更新">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="ArrowSync" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavAboutItem" Content="关于" Tag="About" ToolTip.Tip="关于">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Info" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavLauncherItem" Content="应用启动台" Tag="Launcher" ToolTip.Tip="应用启动台">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Apps" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavPluginsItem" Content="插件" Tag="Plugins" ToolTip.Tip="插件">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="PuzzlePiece" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                        </ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
+                    <Grid RowDefinitions="*,Auto"
+                          RowSpacing="14">
+                        <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
+                                           Grid.Row="0"
+                                           PaneDisplayMode="Left"
+                                           IsSettingsVisible="False"
+                                           OpenPaneLength="220"
+                                           SelectionChanged="OnSettingsNavSelectionChanged">
+                            <ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWallpaperItem" Content="壁纸" Tag="Wallpaper" ToolTip.Tip="壁纸">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Wallpaper" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavGridItem" Content="网格" Tag="Grid" ToolTip.Tip="网格">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Grid" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavColorItem" Content="颜色" Tag="Color" ToolTip.Tip="颜色">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Color" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavStatusBarItem" Content="状态栏" Tag="StatusBar" ToolTip.Tip="状态栏">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Status" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWeatherItem" Content="天气" Tag="Weather" ToolTip.Tip="天气">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="WeatherSunny" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavRegionItem" Content="地区" Tag="Region" ToolTip.Tip="地区">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Globe" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavUpdateItem" Content="更新" Tag="Update" ToolTip.Tip="更新">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="ArrowSync" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavAboutItem" Content="关于" Tag="About" ToolTip.Tip="关于">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Info" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavLauncherItem" Content="应用启动台" Tag="Launcher" ToolTip.Tip="应用启动台">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Apps" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavPluginsItem" Content="插件" Tag="Plugins" ToolTip.Tip="插件">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="PuzzlePiece" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                            </ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
 
-                        <ScrollViewer x:Name="SettingsContentScrollViewer"
-                                      Padding="0,0,16,0"
-                                      HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
-                                      VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
-                            <Grid>
-                                    <pages:WallpaperSettingsPage x:Name="WallpaperSettingsPanel" IsVisible="True" />
+                            <ScrollViewer x:Name="SettingsContentScrollViewer"
+                                          Padding="0,0,16,0"
+                                          HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
+                                          VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
+                                <Grid x:Name="SettingsContentPagesHost">
+                                        <pages:WallpaperSettingsPage x:Name="WallpaperSettingsPanel" IsVisible="True" />
 
-                                <pages:GridSettingsPage x:Name="GridSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:GridSettingsPage x:Name="GridSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
 
-                                <pages:ColorSettingsPage x:Name="ColorSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:ColorSettingsPage x:Name="ColorSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
 
-                                <pages:StatusBarSettingsPage x:Name="StatusBarSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                
-                                <pages:WeatherSettingsPage x:Name="WeatherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:RegionSettingsPage x:Name="RegionSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:StatusBarSettingsPage x:Name="StatusBarSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    
+                                    <pages:WeatherSettingsPage x:Name="WeatherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:RegionSettingsPage x:Name="RegionSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
 
-                                <pages:UpdateSettingsPage x:Name="UpdateSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:UpdateSettingsPage x:Name="UpdateSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
 
-                                <pages:LauncherSettingsPage x:Name="LauncherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:AboutSettingsPage x:Name="AboutSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:PluginSettingsPage x:Name="PluginSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:LauncherSettingsPage x:Name="LauncherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:AboutSettingsPage x:Name="AboutSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:PluginSettingsPage x:Name="PluginSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                </Grid>
+                            </ScrollViewer>
+                        </ui:NavigationView>
+
+                        <Border x:Name="PendingRestartDock"
+                                Grid.Row="1"
+                                IsVisible="False"
+                                Classes="glass-panel"
+                                CornerRadius="18"
+                                Padding="14,12">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto"
+                                  ColumnSpacing="12">
+                                <Border Width="34"
+                                        Height="34"
+                                        CornerRadius="17"
+                                        Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveAccentBrush}">
+                                    <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                   IconVariant="Regular"
+                                                   FontSize="16"
+                                                   Foreground="White"
+                                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                                </Border>
+                                <StackPanel Grid.Column="1"
+                                            Spacing="2"
+                                            VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock"
+                                               FontSize="13"
+                                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                                               Text="Restart required" />
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock"
+                                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                               Text="Your changes will apply after restarting the app." />
+                                </StackPanel>
+                                <Button x:Name="PendingRestartDockButton"
+                                        Grid.Column="2"
+                                        Padding="14,8"
+                                        Click="OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick">
+                                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8">
+                                        <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                       IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                        <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   Text="Restart app" />
+                                    </StackPanel>
+                                </Button>
                             </Grid>
-                        </ScrollViewer>
-                    </ui:NavigationView>
+                        </Border>
+                    </Grid>
                 </Border>
             </Border>
         </Grid>

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -167,6 +167,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     private bool _weatherNoTlsRequests;
     private bool _autoStartWithWindows;
     private bool _suppressAutoStartToggleEvents;
+    private bool _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents;
+    private string _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+    private string _runningAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
     private string _weatherSearchKeyword = string.Empty;
     private bool _isWeatherSearchInProgress;
     private bool _isWeatherPreviewInProgress;
@@ -188,6 +191,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         _fluentAvaloniaTheme = Application.Current?.Styles.OfType<FluentAvaloniaTheme>().FirstOrDefault();
         AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnExternalAppSettingsSaved;
         LauncherSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged += OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
         PropertyChanged += OnWindowPropertyChanged;
         InitializeDesktopSurfaceSwipeHandlers();
         InitializeDesktopComponentDragHandlers();
@@ -248,6 +252,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
         AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Checked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
         AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged;
     }
 
     protected override void OnOpened(EventArgs e)
@@ -311,6 +316,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
         _ = _componentSettingsService.Load();
         InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+        InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
         InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
         InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
         InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
@@ -376,6 +382,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         _wallpaperBitmap = null;
         AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnExternalAppSettingsSaved;
         LauncherSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged -= OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
         PropertyChanged -= OnWindowPropertyChanged;
         DesktopHost.SizeChanged -= OnDesktopHostSizeChanged;
         WallpaperPreviewHost.SizeChanged -= OnWallpaperPreviewHostSizeChanged;

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/AboutSettingsPage.axaml

@@ -34,5 +34,46 @@
                 </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
             </ui:SettingsExpander>
         </Border>
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Rendering Mode"
+                                 Description="Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software."
+                                 IsExpanded="True">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <fi:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Window" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <StackPanel Spacing="4"
+                            Margin="0,4,0,0">
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock"
+                               Text="Current actual backend"
+                               FontSize="12"
+                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" />
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock"
+                               Text="Current backend: Software"
+                               FontSize="13"
+                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" />
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock"
+                               Text="Runtime implementation is unavailable."
+                               FontSize="12"
+                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}" />
+                </StackPanel>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <ComboBox x:Name="AppRenderModeComboBox"
+                              MinWidth="180"
+                              SelectedIndex="0"
+                              HorizontalAlignment="Right">
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Default" Tag="Default" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Software" Tag="Software" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="angleEgl" Tag="AngleEgl" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="WGL" Tag="Wgl" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Vulkan" Tag="Vulkan" />
+                    </ComboBox>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
     </StackPanel>
 </UserControl>

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Controls.cs

@@ -189,7 +189,12 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
     // --- AboutSettingsPage ---
     internal TextBlock AboutPanelTitleTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("AboutPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
     internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutStartupSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutStartupSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander")!;
     internal ToggleSwitch AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal ComboBox AppRenderModeComboBox => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("AppRenderModeComboBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock VersionTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("VersionTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock CodeNameTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CodeNameTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock FontInfoTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("FontInfoTextBlock")!;
@@ -201,13 +206,5 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
     internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock")!;
 
-    // --- PluginSettingsPage (Added for completeness) ---
-    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
 }
 

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Core.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent;
 using FluentIcons.Common;
 using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         }
 
         _launcherIconCache.Clear();
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged -= OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
         base.OnClosed(e);
     }
 
@@ -128,6 +130,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         snapshot.WeatherIconPackId = _weatherIconPackId;
         snapshot.WeatherNoTlsRequests = _weatherNoTlsRequests;
         snapshot.AutoStartWithWindows = _autoStartWithWindows;
+        snapshot.AppRenderMode = _selectedAppRenderMode;
         snapshot.AutoCheckUpdates = _autoCheckUpdates;
         snapshot.IncludePrereleaseUpdates = IncludePrereleaseUpdates;
         snapshot.UpdateChannel = IncludePrereleaseUpdates ? UpdateChannelPreview : UpdateChannelStable;

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Localization.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
 
@@ -109,16 +110,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_hint", "Right-click an icon in launcher to hide it. Hidden entries appear here.");
         LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_empty", "No hidden items.");
 
-        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.runtime_desc", "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
-        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_hint", "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
-        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_status", "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
-        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
-        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.installed_desc", "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
-        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.restart_hint", "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
-        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
-        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+        ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization();
 
         AboutPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.about.title", "About");
         VersionTextBlock.Text = Lf("settings.about.version_format", "Version: {0}", GetAppVersionText());
@@ -126,6 +118,17 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         FontInfoTextBlock.Text = Lf("settings.about.font_format", "Font: {0}", AppFontName);
         AboutStartupSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.about.startup_header", "Windows Startup");
         AboutStartupSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.about.startup_desc", "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.about.render_mode_header", "Rendering Mode");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode_desc",
+            "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.");
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Default, L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Software, L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan, L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"));
+        UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus();
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
 
         var placementItems = WallpaperPlacementComboBox.Items.OfType<ComboBoxItem>().ToList();
         if (placementItems.Count >= 5)
@@ -142,6 +145,19 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         RenderLauncherHiddenItemsList();
     }
 
+    private void SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(string tag, string content)
+    {
+        var item = AppRenderModeComboBox.Items
+            .OfType<ComboBoxItem>()
+            .FirstOrDefault(candidate =>
+                string.Equals(candidate.Tag?.ToString(), tag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        if (item is not null)
+        {
+            item.Content = content;
+        }
+    }
+
     private string GetLocalizedTimeZoneDisplayName(TimeZoneInfo timeZone)
     {
         var offset = timeZone.GetUtcOffset(DateTime.UtcNow);

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.RenderBackend.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using System;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private void UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus()
+    {
+        var backendInfo = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect();
+        var localizedBackend = GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(backendInfo.ActualBackend);
+
+        CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_label",
+            "Current actual backend");
+        CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock.Text = Lf(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_format",
+            "Current backend: {0}",
+            localizedBackend);
+        CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName)
+            ? L(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable",
+                "Runtime implementation is unavailable.")
+            : Lf(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format",
+                "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+                backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(string renderBackend)
+    {
+        return renderBackend switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Default => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown")
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.RestartPrompt.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private bool _isRestartPromptVisible;
+
+    private void OnPendingRestartStateChanged()
+    {
+        if (Dispatcher.UIThread.CheckAccess())
+        {
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(UpdatePendingRestartDock);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePendingRestartDock()
+    {
+        PendingRestartDock.IsVisible = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingRestart;
+        PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.title", "Restart required");
+        PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.button", "Restart app");
+    }
+
+    private async void OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync();
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(string selectedMode)
+    {
+        var message = Lf(
+            "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message",
+            "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(_runningAppRenderMode),
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(selectedMode));
+
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(message);
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync()
+    {
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app."));
+    }
+
+    private async Task ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(string message)
+    {
+        if (_isRestartPromptVisible)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isRestartPromptVisible = true;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var dialog = new ContentDialog
+            {
+                Title = L("settings.restart_dialog.title", "Restart required"),
+                Content = message,
+                PrimaryButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.restart", "Restart now"),
+                CloseButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.cancel", "Cancel"),
+                DefaultButton = ContentDialogButton.Primary
+            };
+
+            var result = await dialog.ShowAsync(this);
+            if (result == ContentDialogResult.Primary)
+            {
+                if (!AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication())
+                {
+                    UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _isRestartPromptVisible = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (renderMode == AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown)
+        {
+            return L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown");
+        }
+
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default")
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.WeatherLauncher.cs

@@ -89,6 +89,51 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         }
     }
 
+    private void InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(snapshot.AppRenderMode);
+        _runningAppRenderMode = ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+        var renderModeForUi = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingReason(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason)
+            ? _selectedAppRenderMode
+            : _runningAppRenderMode;
+
+        _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = true;
+        try
+        {
+            AppRenderModeComboBox.IsEnabled = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(renderModeForUi);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SelectAppRenderModeInUi(string renderMode)
+    {
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(renderMode);
+    }
+
+    private static int GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(string renderMode)
+    {
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => 1,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => 2,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => 3,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => 4,
+            _ => 0
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(string configuredRenderMode)
+    {
+        var detectedRenderMode = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect().ActualBackend;
+        return string.Equals(detectedRenderMode, AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? configuredRenderMode
+            : AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(detectedRenderMode);
+    }
+
     private static WeatherLocationMode ParseWeatherLocationMode(string? value)
     {
         return string.Equals(value, "Coordinates", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -319,6 +364,33 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         PersistSettings();
     }
 
+    private void OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged(object? sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (_suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var selectedMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(
+            TryGetSelectedComboBoxTag(AppRenderModeComboBox));
+
+        if (string.Equals(_selectedAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = selectedMode;
+        PersistSettings();
+        var requiresRestart = !string.Equals(_runningAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason, requiresRestart);
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+
+        if (requiresRestart)
+        {
+            _ = ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(selectedMode);
+        }
+    }
+
     private async void OnSearchWeatherCityClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
     {
         if (_isWeatherSearchInProgress)

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.axaml

@@ -79,7 +79,10 @@
                             Classes="mica-strong"
                             CornerRadius="0,0,24,24"
                             Padding="18">
+                        <Grid RowDefinitions="*,Auto"
+                              RowSpacing="14">
                         <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
+                                           Grid.Row="0"
                                            PaneDisplayMode="Left"
                                            IsSettingsVisible="False"
                                            OpenPaneLength="240"
@@ -155,6 +158,53 @@
                                 </Grid>
                             </ScrollViewer>
                         </ui:NavigationView>
+
+                        <Border x:Name="PendingRestartDock"
+                                Grid.Row="1"
+                                IsVisible="False"
+                                Classes="glass-panel"
+                                CornerRadius="18"
+                                Padding="14,12">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto"
+                                  ColumnSpacing="12">
+                                <Border Width="34"
+                                        Height="34"
+                                        CornerRadius="17"
+                                        Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveAccentBrush}">
+                                    <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                   IconVariant="Regular"
+                                                   FontSize="16"
+                                                   Foreground="White"
+                                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                                </Border>
+                                <StackPanel Grid.Column="1"
+                                            Spacing="2"
+                                            VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock"
+                                               FontSize="13"
+                                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                                               Text="Restart required" />
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock"
+                                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                               Text="Your changes will apply after restarting the app." />
+                                </StackPanel>
+                                <Button x:Name="PendingRestartDockButton"
+                                        Grid.Column="2"
+                                        Padding="14,8"
+                                        Click="OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick">
+                                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8">
+                                        <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                       IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                        <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   Text="Restart app" />
+                                    </StackPanel>
+                                </Button>
+                            </Grid>
+                        </Border>
+                        </Grid>
                     </Border>
                 </Grid>
             </Border>

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
     private bool _suppressGridInsetEvents;
     private bool _suppressStatusBarSpacingEvents;
     private bool _suppressAutoStartToggleEvents;
+    private bool _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents;
     private bool _isUpdatingWallpaperPreviewLayout;
     private IBrush? _defaultDesktopBackground;
     private Bitmap? _wallpaperBitmap;
@@ -140,6 +141,8 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
     private string _statusBarSpacingMode = "Relaxed";
     private int _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent = 12;
     private int _desktopEdgeInsetPercent = DefaultEdgeInsetPercent;
+    private string _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+    private string _runningAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
     private string _taskbarLayoutMode = TaskbarLayoutBottomFullRowMacStyle;
     private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
     private WeatherLocationMode _weatherLocationMode = WeatherLocationMode.CitySearch;
@@ -163,6 +166,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
         InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
         _fluentAvaloniaTheme = Application.Current?.Styles.OfType<FluentAvaloniaTheme>().FirstOrDefault();
         RequestedThemeVariant = Application.Current?.RequestedThemeVariant ?? ThemeVariant.Default;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged += OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
         HookEvents();
     }
 
@@ -222,6 +226,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
         DownloadAndInstallUpdateButton.Click += OnDownloadAndInstallUpdateClick;
         AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Checked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
         AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged;
         Opened += OnWindowOpened;
     }
 
@@ -260,6 +265,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
         InitializeLocalization(snapshot.LanguageCode);
         InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
         InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+        InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
         InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
         InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
         InitializeSettingsIcons();

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/LoadedPlugin.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 
 public sealed class LoadedPlugin : IDisposable, IAsyncDisposable
 {
@@ -68,6 +73,15 @@ public sealed class LoadedPlugin : IDisposable, IAsyncDisposable
             disposable.Dispose();
         }
 
+        if (Context is IAsyncDisposable asyncContext)
+        {
+            await asyncContext.DisposeAsync();
+        }
+        else if (Context is IDisposable disposableContext)
+        {
+            disposableContext.Dispose();
+        }
+
         LoadContext.Unload();
         GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
     }

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs

@@ -139,6 +139,30 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         }
     }
 
+    internal void RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation()
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var pair in _pluginSettingsPageHosts.ToArray())
+        {
+            var navItem = SettingsNavView.MenuItems
+                .OfType<NavigationViewItem>()
+                .FirstOrDefault(item => string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), pair.Key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (navItem is not null)
+            {
+                SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Remove(navItem);
+            }
+
+            SettingsContentPagesHost.Children.Remove(pair.Value);
+        }
+
+        _pluginSettingsPageHosts.Clear();
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
+    }
+
     private string? GetSelectedSettingsTabTag()
     {
         return (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem as NavigationViewItem)?.Tag?.ToString();

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private void ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization()
+    {
+        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_desc",
+            "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
+        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_hint",
+            "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
+        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_status",
+            "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.plugins.installed_desc",
+            "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
+        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.restart_hint",
+            "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
+        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginContributions.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginLoadContext.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Runtime.Loader;
 
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 
 public sealed class PluginLoadContext : AssemblyLoadContext
 {

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginLoadResult.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using System;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 
 public sealed record PluginLoadResult(
     string SourcePath,

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginLoader.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.IO;
 using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Security.Cryptography;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 
 public sealed class PluginLoader
 {
@@ -125,14 +133,16 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
         IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties)
     {
         PluginLoadContext? loadContext = null;
+        IPlugin? plugin = null;
+        PluginContext? context = null;
 
         try
         {
             loadContext = new PluginLoadContext(assemblyPath, _options.SharedAssemblyNames);
             var assembly = loadContext.LoadFromAssemblyPath(assemblyPath);
             var pluginType = ResolvePluginType(assembly);
-            var plugin = CreatePluginInstance(pluginType);
-            var context = CreateContext(manifest, pluginDirectory, dataDirectory, services, properties);
+            plugin = CreatePluginInstance(pluginType);
+            context = CreateContext(manifest, pluginDirectory, dataDirectory, services, properties);
 
             plugin.Initialize(context);
             var settingsPages = context.GetSettingsPagesSnapshot();
@@ -153,6 +163,8 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
+            DisposeInstance(plugin);
+            DisposeInstance(context);
             loadContext?.Unload();
             return PluginLoadResult.Failure(sourcePath, manifest, ex);
         }
@@ -477,6 +489,33 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
         return plugin;
     }
 
+    private static void DisposeInstance(object? instance)
+    {
+        if (instance is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (instance is IAsyncDisposable asyncDisposable)
+            {
+                asyncDisposable.DisposeAsync().AsTask().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (instance is IDisposable disposable)
+            {
+                disposable.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception disposeError)
+        {
+            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(
+                $"[PluginLoader] Disposal of '{instance.GetType().FullName}' failed: {disposeError}");
+        }
+    }
+
     private static Type[] GetLoadableTypes(Assembly assembly)
     {
         try
@@ -500,12 +539,17 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
         }
     }
 
-    private sealed class PluginContext : IPluginContext
+    private sealed class PluginContext : IPluginContext, IDisposable, IAsyncDisposable
     {
         private readonly Dictionary<string, PluginSettingsPageRegistration> _settingsPages =
             new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
         private readonly Dictionary<string, PluginDesktopComponentRegistration> _desktopComponents =
             new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        private readonly Dictionary<Type, object> _registeredServices = [];
+        private readonly List<object> _serviceRegistrationOrder = [];
+        private readonly object _serviceGate = new();
+        private readonly IServiceProvider _hostServices;
+        private int _disposed;
 
         public PluginContext(
             PluginManifest manifest,
@@ -517,8 +561,12 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
             Manifest = manifest;
             PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
             DataDirectory = dataDirectory;
-            Services = services;
+            _hostServices = services;
+            Services = new PluginCompositeServiceProvider(this);
             Properties = properties;
+
+            RegisterBuiltInService<IPluginContext>(this);
+            RegisterBuiltInService<IPluginMessageBus>(new PluginMessageBus());
         }
 
         public PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
@@ -550,9 +598,16 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
             return false;
         }
 
+        public void RegisterService<TService>(TService service)
+            where TService : class
+        {
+            RegisterServiceCore(typeof(TService), service, allowOverride: false);
+        }
+
         public void RegisterSettingsPage(PluginSettingsPageRegistration registration)
         {
             ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(registration);
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
 
             if (!_settingsPages.TryAdd(registration.Id, registration))
             {
@@ -564,6 +619,7 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
         public void RegisterDesktopComponent(PluginDesktopComponentRegistration registration)
         {
             ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(registration);
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
 
             if (!_desktopComponents.TryAdd(registration.ComponentId, registration))
             {
@@ -574,6 +630,7 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
 
         public IReadOnlyList<PluginSettingsPageRegistration> GetSettingsPagesSnapshot()
         {
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
             return _settingsPages.Values
                 .OrderBy(page => page.SortOrder)
                 .ThenBy(page => page.Title, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -582,11 +639,270 @@ public sealed class PluginLoader
 
         public IReadOnlyList<PluginDesktopComponentRegistration> GetDesktopComponentsSnapshot()
         {
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
             return _desktopComponents.Values
                 .OrderBy(component => component.Category, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                 .ThenBy(component => component.DisplayName, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                 .ToArray();
         }
+
+        internal object? ResolveService(Type serviceType)
+        {
+            if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (serviceType == typeof(IServiceProvider))
+            {
+                return Services;
+            }
+
+            lock (_serviceGate)
+            {
+                if (_registeredServices.TryGetValue(serviceType, out var service))
+                {
+                    return service;
+                }
+
+                foreach (var registeredService in _registeredServices.Values)
+                {
+                    if (serviceType.IsInstanceOfType(registeredService))
+                    {
+                        return registeredService;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return _hostServices.GetService(serviceType);
+        }
+
+        private void RegisterBuiltInService<TService>(TService service)
+            where TService : class
+        {
+            RegisterServiceCore(typeof(TService), service, allowOverride: true);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            DisposeAsync().AsTask().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+        public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+        {
+            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            object[] services;
+            lock (_serviceGate)
+            {
+                services = _serviceRegistrationOrder.ToArray();
+                _registeredServices.Clear();
+                _serviceRegistrationOrder.Clear();
+            }
+
+            _settingsPages.Clear();
+            _desktopComponents.Clear();
+
+            var disposedServices = new HashSet<object>(ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);
+            for (var i = services.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            {
+                var service = services[i];
+                if (ReferenceEquals(service, this) || !disposedServices.Add(service))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (service is IAsyncDisposable asyncDisposable)
+                {
+                    await asyncDisposable.DisposeAsync();
+                }
+                else if (service is IDisposable disposable)
+                {
+                    disposable.Dispose();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void RegisterServiceCore(Type serviceType, object service, bool allowOverride)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(serviceType);
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(service);
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+            if (!serviceType.IsInstanceOfType(service))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Service instance '{service.GetType().FullName}' is not assignable to '{serviceType.FullName}'.");
+            }
+
+            lock (_serviceGate)
+            {
+                if (!allowOverride && _registeredServices.ContainsKey(serviceType))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        $"Plugin '{Manifest.Id}' already registered a service for '{serviceType.FullName}'.");
+                }
+
+                _registeredServices[serviceType] = service;
+                _serviceRegistrationOrder.Add(service);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ThrowIfDisposed()
+        {
+            if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(PluginContext));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PluginCompositeServiceProvider : IServiceProvider
+    {
+        private readonly PluginContext _context;
+
+        public PluginCompositeServiceProvider(PluginContext context)
+        {
+            _context = context;
+        }
+
+        public object? GetService(Type serviceType)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(serviceType);
+            return _context.ResolveService(serviceType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PluginMessageBus : IPluginMessageBus, IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly Dictionary<Type, List<Subscription>> _subscriptions = [];
+        private readonly object _gate = new();
+        private int _disposed;
+
+        public IDisposable Subscribe<TMessage>(Action<TMessage> handler)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(handler);
+            if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(PluginMessageBus));
+            }
+
+            var subscription = new Subscription(this, typeof(TMessage), message => handler((TMessage)message!));
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (!_subscriptions.TryGetValue(subscription.MessageType, out var handlers))
+                {
+                    handlers = [];
+                    _subscriptions[subscription.MessageType] = handlers;
+                }
+
+                handlers.Add(subscription);
+            }
+
+            return subscription;
+        }
+
+        public void Publish<TMessage>(TMessage message)
+        {
+            if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Subscription[] handlers;
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (!_subscriptions.TryGetValue(typeof(TMessage), out var subscriptions) || subscriptions.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                handlers = subscriptions.ToArray();
+            }
+
+            foreach (var handler in handlers)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    handler.Invoke(message);
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(
+                        $"[PluginMessageBus] Handler for '{typeof(TMessage).FullName}' failed: {ex}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                _subscriptions.Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Unsubscribe(Subscription subscription)
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (!_subscriptions.TryGetValue(subscription.MessageType, out var handlers))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                handlers.Remove(subscription);
+                if (handlers.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    _subscriptions.Remove(subscription.MessageType);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private sealed class Subscription : IDisposable
+        {
+            private readonly PluginMessageBus _owner;
+            private int _disposed;
+
+            public Subscription(PluginMessageBus owner, Type messageType, Action<object?> handler)
+            {
+                _owner = owner;
+                MessageType = messageType;
+                Handler = handler;
+            }
+
+            public Type MessageType { get; }
+
+            public Action<object?> Handler { get; }
+
+            public void Invoke(object? message)
+            {
+                if (_disposed != 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                Handler(message);
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose()
+            {
+                if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                _owner.Unsubscribe(this);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     private sealed class NullServiceProvider : IServiceProvider

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginLoaderOptions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 
 public sealed class PluginLoaderOptions
 {

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginRuntimeService.cs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
 using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
@@ -47,11 +48,14 @@ public sealed class PluginRuntimeService : IDisposable
         UnloadInstalledPlugins();
 
         var disabledPluginIds = GetDisabledPluginIds();
+        var settingsSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        var hostLanguageCode = PluginLocalizer.NormalizeLanguageCode(settingsSnapshot.LanguageCode);
         var hostProperties = new Dictionary<string, object?>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
         {
-            ["HostApplicationName"] = "LanMountainDesktop",
-            ["HostVersion"] = typeof(App).Assembly.GetName().Version?.ToString(),
-            ["PluginSdkApiVersion"] = PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostApplicationName] = "LanMountainDesktop",
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostVersion] = typeof(App).Assembly.GetName().Version?.ToString(),
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.PluginSdkApiVersion] = PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion,
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostLanguageCode] = hostLanguageCode
         };
 
         var discoveryFailures = new List<PluginLoadResult>();
@@ -174,6 +178,36 @@ public sealed class PluginRuntimeService : IDisposable
         return true;
     }
 
+    public PluginManifest InstallPluginPackage(string packagePath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(packagePath);
+
+        var fullPackagePath = Path.GetFullPath(packagePath);
+        if (!File.Exists(fullPackagePath))
+        {
+            throw new FileNotFoundException($"Plugin package '{fullPackagePath}' was not found.", fullPackagePath);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(fullPackagePath), PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin package must use the '{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}' extension.");
+        }
+
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(PluginsDirectory);
+
+        var manifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(fullPackagePath);
+        RemoveExistingPluginPackages(manifest.Id, fullPackagePath);
+
+        var destinationPath = Path.Combine(PluginsDirectory, BuildInstalledPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+        if (!string.Equals(fullPackagePath, Path.GetFullPath(destinationPath), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            File.Copy(fullPackagePath, destinationPath, overwrite: true);
+        }
+
+        return manifest;
+    }
+
     public void Dispose()
     {
         UnloadInstalledPlugins();
@@ -269,6 +303,42 @@ public sealed class PluginRuntimeService : IDisposable
         return PluginManifest.Load(stream, $"{packagePath}!/{entries[0].FullName}");
     }
 
+    private void RemoveExistingPluginPackages(string pluginId, string packagePathToKeep)
+    {
+        foreach (var existingPackagePath in EnumerateCandidatePaths($"*{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}"))
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(
+                    Path.GetFullPath(existingPackagePath),
+                    Path.GetFullPath(packagePathToKeep),
+                    StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                var existingManifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(existingPackagePath);
+                if (!string.Equals(existingManifest.Id, pluginId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                File.Delete(existingPackagePath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore unrelated or invalid packages during replacement.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildInstalledPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+    {
+        var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+        var fileName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+        return fileName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+    }
+
     private static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
     {
         return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
@@ -280,9 +350,22 @@ public sealed class PluginRuntimeService : IDisposable
     {
         var options = new PluginLoaderOptions();
         AddSharedAssembly(options, typeof(App).Assembly);
-        AddSharedAssembly(options, typeof(Application).Assembly);
-        AddSharedAssembly(options, typeof(Control).Assembly);
-        AddSharedAssembly(options, typeof(AvaloniaXamlLoader).Assembly);
+
+        foreach (var assembly in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies())
+        {
+            var assemblyName = assembly.GetName().Name;
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(assemblyName))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (assemblyName.StartsWith("Avalonia", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                string.Equals(assemblyName, "MicroCom.Runtime", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                AddSharedAssembly(options, assembly);
+            }
+        }
+
         return options;
     }
 

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginSettingsPage.Host.cs

@@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Layout;
 using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Platform.Storage;
 using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages;
 
 public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
 {
+    private static readonly IBrush SuccessBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF0F766E"));
+    private static readonly IBrush ErrorBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFC42B1C"));
+
     private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
     private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
+    private string? _packageImportStatusMessage;
+    private bool _packageImportStatusIsError;
 
     public PluginSettingsPage()
     {
@@ -24,6 +33,7 @@ public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
     public void RefreshFromRuntime()
     {
         var runtime = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        UpdateInstallerUi(runtime);
         if (runtime is null)
         {
             PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable", "Plugin runtime is not available.");
@@ -37,6 +47,24 @@ public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
         BuildPluginCatalog(runtime);
     }
 
+    private void UpdateInstallerUi(PluginRuntimeService? runtime)
+    {
+        InstallPluginPackageButton.Content = L("settings.plugins.install_button", "Open .laapp package");
+        InstallPluginPackageButton.IsEnabled = runtime is not null;
+        PluginPackageImportHintTextBlock.Text = runtime is null
+            ? L(
+                "settings.plugins.install_unavailable",
+                "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now.")
+            : F(
+                "settings.plugins.install_hint_format",
+                "Open a .laapp package to install it into: {0}",
+                runtime.PluginsDirectory);
+
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.IsVisible = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_packageImportStatusMessage);
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.Text = _packageImportStatusMessage ?? string.Empty;
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.Foreground = _packageImportStatusIsError ? ErrorBrush : SuccessBrush;
+    }
+
     private void BuildRuntimeSummary(PluginRuntimeService runtime)
     {
         var failures = runtime.LoadResults.Where(result => !result.IsSuccess).ToArray();
@@ -165,6 +193,116 @@ public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
                 : L("settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled", "disabled"));
     }
 
+    private async void OnInstallPluginPackageClick(object? sender, Avalonia.Interactivity.RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var runtime = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        if (runtime is null)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                L(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable",
+                    "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now."),
+                isError: true);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var topLevel = TopLevel.GetTopLevel(this);
+        var storageProvider = topLevel?.StorageProvider;
+        if (storageProvider is null)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                L("settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable", "Storage provider is unavailable."),
+                isError: true);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var files = await storageProvider.OpenFilePickerAsync(new FilePickerOpenOptions
+        {
+            Title = L("settings.plugins.install_picker_title", "Select plugin package"),
+            AllowMultiple = false,
+            FileTypeFilter =
+            [
+                new FilePickerFileType(L("settings.plugins.install_file_type", ".laapp plugin package"))
+                {
+                    Patterns = [$"*{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}"]
+                }
+            ]
+        });
+
+        if (files.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        string? temporaryPackagePath = null;
+        try
+        {
+            temporaryPackagePath = await CopyPackageToTemporaryFileAsync(files[0]);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(temporaryPackagePath))
+            {
+                SetPackageImportStatus(
+                    L("settings.plugins.install_copy_failed", "Failed to copy the selected .laapp package."),
+                    isError: true);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var manifest = runtime.InstallPluginPackage(temporaryPackagePath);
+            runtime.LoadInstalledPlugins();
+            RefreshPluginNavigation(topLevel);
+            PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.PluginCatalogReason, true);
+            RefreshFromRuntime();
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                F(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_success_format",
+                    "Installed plugin '{0}'. Restart the app to apply newly added settings pages and widgets.",
+                    manifest.Name),
+                isError: false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                F(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format",
+                    "Failed to install plugin package: {0}",
+                    ex.Message),
+                isError: true);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(temporaryPackagePath))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    File.Delete(temporaryPackagePath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // Ignore temporary file cleanup errors.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshPluginNavigation(TopLevel? topLevel)
+    {
+        switch (topLevel)
+        {
+            case MainWindow mainWindow:
+                mainWindow.RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation();
+                break;
+            case SettingsWindow settingsWindow:
+                settingsWindow.RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation();
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SetPackageImportStatus(string message, bool isError)
+    {
+        _packageImportStatusMessage = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(message) ? null : message;
+        _packageImportStatusIsError = isError;
+        UpdateInstallerUi((Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService);
+    }
+
     private string BuildPluginSubtitle(PluginCatalogEntry entry)
     {
         var source = entry.IsPackage
@@ -215,8 +353,35 @@ public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
     {
         return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, L(key, fallback), args);
     }
+
+    private static async Task<string?> CopyPackageToTemporaryFileAsync(IStorageFile file)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var extension = Path.GetExtension(file.Name);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(extension))
+            {
+                extension = PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+            }
+
+            var temporaryDirectory = Path.Combine(
+                Path.GetTempPath(),
+                "LanMountainDesktop",
+                "PluginImports");
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(temporaryDirectory);
+
+            var temporaryPackagePath = Path.Combine(
+                temporaryDirectory,
+                $"{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}_{Guid.NewGuid():N}{extension}");
+
+            await using var sourceStream = await file.OpenReadAsync();
+            await using var destinationStream = File.Create(temporaryPackagePath);
+            await sourceStream.CopyToAsync(destinationStream);
+            return temporaryPackagePath;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
 }
-
-
-
-

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginSettingsPage.axaml

@@ -51,6 +51,24 @@
                 </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
                 <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
                     <StackPanel Spacing="10">
+                        <Border Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveSurfaceRaisedBrush}"
+                                CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusSm}"
+                                Padding="14">
+                            <StackPanel Spacing="10">
+                                <Button x:Name="InstallPluginPackageButton"
+                                        HorizontalAlignment="Left"
+                                        Click="OnInstallPluginPackageClick"
+                                        Content="Open .laapp package" />
+                                <TextBlock x:Name="PluginPackageImportHintTextBlock"
+                                           Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                           TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                           Text="Open a .laapp package to install it into the local plugin directory." />
+                                <TextBlock x:Name="PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock"
+                                           Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                           TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                           IsVisible="False" />
+                            </StackPanel>
+                        </Border>
                         <TextBlock x:Name="PluginRestartHintTextBlock"
                                    Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
                                    TextWrapping="Wrap"

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# 宿主侧插件运行时
+
+这个目录用于归档阑山桌面宿主侧的插件相关实现。
+
+职责范围：
+- 已安装插件的发现
+- `.laapp` 安装包安装与替换
+- 插件运行时加载
+- 插件贡献的设置页与桌面组件接入
+- 宿主侧插件设置页的安装、显示与刷新
+
+当前宿主侧核心文件：
+- `PluginLoader.cs`
+- `PluginLoadContext.cs`
+- `PluginLoaderOptions.cs`
+- `PluginLoadResult.cs`
+- `LoadedPlugin.cs`
+- `PluginRuntimeService.cs`
+- `PluginContributions.cs`
+- `PluginCatalogEntry.cs`
+- `PluginSettingsPage.axaml`
+- `PluginSettingsPage.Host.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs`
+
+说明：
+- 插件开发标准、插件打包工具、示例插件与开发文档统一放在仓库根目录下的 `LanAirApp/`
+- 宿主本体的插件加载、解析、安装与插件设置页接入逻辑统一放在 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`
+- `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 只保留插件作者需要引用的契约、清单模型和扩展注册接口

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs

@@ -139,6 +139,30 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         }
     }
 
+    internal void RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation()
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var pair in _pluginSettingsPageHosts.ToArray())
+        {
+            var navItem = SettingsNavView.MenuItems
+                .OfType<NavigationViewItem>()
+                .FirstOrDefault(item => string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), pair.Key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (navItem is not null)
+            {
+                SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Remove(navItem);
+            }
+
+            SettingsContentPagesHost.Children.Remove(pair.Value);
+        }
+
+        _pluginSettingsPageHosts.Clear();
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
+    }
+
     private string? GetSelectedSettingsTabTag()
     {
         return (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem as NavigationViewItem)?.Tag?.ToString();

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private void ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization()
+    {
+        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.runtime_desc", "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
+        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_hint", "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
+        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_status", "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.installed_desc", "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
+        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.restart_hint", "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
+        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+    }
+}