0.5.7

示例插件

.gitignore

@@ -484,3 +484,11 @@ nul
 /publish-test
 /_build_verify
 /_build_verify_tray
+/_build_verify_plugin
+/_build_verify_plugin_tabs
+/_build_verify_sample_plugin
+/_build_verify_sample_plugin_capabilities
+/_build_verify_plugin_page_host
+/_build_verify_plugin_services
+/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/_build_verify_*/
+/_build_obj

LanAirApp/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# LanAirApp
+
+`LanAirApp` 是阑山桌面插件生态的对外发布工作区。
+
+这里集中放置：
+- 插件开发标准
+- 插件打包与构建工具
+- 插件开发与打包文档
+- 示例插件
+
+目录结构：
+- `docs/`：插件开发文档、打包文档
+- `releases/`：已经打包完成、可直接分享与安装的 `.laapp` 插件包
+- `samples/`：示例插件，其中 `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin` 是示例开发插件
+- `standards/`：插件标准文件与模板
+- `tools/`：插件打包与构建工具
+
+面向用户的安装流程：
+1. 将插件构建或打包为 `.laapp` 文件。
+2. 打开 `设置 -> 插件`。
+3. 点击 `打开 .laapp 插件包`。
+4. 选择插件包完成安装。
+
+宿主侧的插件加载、安装、发现、解析与设置页接入逻辑，保留在 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
+
+`LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 仅作为插件开发 SDK 使用，提供 `IPlugin`、`IPluginContext`、清单模型与扩展注册接口。

LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# 插件开发文档
+
+LanMountainDesktop 插件基于 `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 开发。
+
+`LanAirApp/` 负责对外发布插件开发标准、示例插件和打包工具；宿主应用内部的插件加载与解析逻辑位于 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
+`LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 只提供插件作者需要依赖的开发契约，不再承载宿主侧运行时加载实现。
+
+## 必需文件
+- `plugin.json`
+- `plugin.json` 中声明的入口程序集
+- 使用插件入口特性标记的入口类型
+
+## 推荐开发流程
+1. 以 `LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin` 为起点。
+2. 修改 `plugin.json`，填写你自己的插件 `id`、名称、作者、版本和入口程序集。
+3. 实现 `IPlugin` 或继承 `PluginBase`。
+4. 通过 `IPluginContext` 注册服务、设置页和桌面组件。
+5. 将输出内容打包为 `.laapp` 文件。
+
+## 运行时能力
+- 插件可以注册自己的设置页。
+- 插件可以注册自己的桌面组件。
+- 插件可以注册自己的服务，并通过插件消息总线进行通信。
+- 宿主优先加载 `.laapp` 包，其次才是散装清单。
+
+## 多语言建议
+- 插件应当内置 `Localization/zh-CN.json` 与 `Localization/en-US.json`。
+- 插件界面文案、组件文案、状态文案建议统一通过插件本地化层读取。
+- 建议优先读取宿主传入的语言代码，再回退到插件默认语言。
+
+## 目录建议
+一个标准插件项目建议至少包含：
+- `plugin.json`
+- `Localization/zh-CN.json`
+- `Localization/en-US.json`
+- 插件程序集与依赖文件
+
+## 示例项目与工具
+- 示例插件：`LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`
+- 打包工具：`LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager`
+- 标准模板：`LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json`

LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_PACKAGING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# 插件打包文档
+
+LanMountainDesktop 插件的安装包格式固定为 `.laapp`。
+
+`LanAirApp/` 负责提供打包标准与打包工具；`.laapp` 的安装、发现和运行时加载由 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/` 负责。
+
+## `.laapp` 格式说明
+- 本质上是一个标准 zip 压缩包
+- 包根目录必须包含 `plugin.json`
+- 包根目录还必须包含入口程序集及其依赖
+
+## 建议打包内容
+- `plugin.json`
+- `YourPlugin.dll`
+- 依赖程序集
+- `Localization/zh-CN.json`
+- `Localization/en-US.json`
+- 插件运行所需的其他资源文件
+
+## 使用打包工具
+```powershell
+dotnet run --project .\LanAirApp\tools\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager -- --input .\path\to\plugin-output --output .\artifacts\YourPlugin.laapp --overwrite
+```
+
+## 应用内安装流程
+1. 打开 `设置 -> 插件`
+2. 点击 `打开 .laapp 插件包`
+3. 选择要安装的插件包
+4. 如果插件注册了设置页或组件，安装后重启应用
+
+## 注意事项
+- `plugin.json` 中的 `entranceAssembly` 必须能在包内找到。
+- 包内应尽量避免无关开发产物。
+- `.laapp` 是标准安装格式，建议不要对外分发散装目录。

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <EnableDynamicLoading>true</EnableDynamicLoading>
+    <OutputPath>bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\content\</OutputPath>
+    <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
+    <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>
+    <PluginPackageOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\</PluginPackageOutputDirectory>
+    <PluginPackagePath>$(PluginPackageOutputDirectory)$(AssemblyName).laapp</PluginPackagePath>
+    <LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\SamplePlugin\</LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" Private="false" />
+    <None Include="plugin.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+    <None Include="Localization\*.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <Target Name="CreateLaappPackage" AfterTargets="Build">
+    <MakeDir Directories="$(PluginPackageOutputDirectory)" />
+    <RemoveDir Directories="$(LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory)" />
+    <Delete Files="$(PluginPackagePath)" TreatErrorsAsWarnings="true" />
+    <ZipDirectory SourceDirectory="$(OutputPath)" DestinationFile="$(PluginPackagePath)" />
+  </Target>
+
+</Project>

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/en-US.json

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "Plugin Status",
+  "plugin.name": "LanMountain Sample Plugin",
+  "plugin.description": "Example plugin used to validate PluginSdk loading, services, communication, and localization.",
+  "widget.display_name": "Sample Plugin Status Clock",
+  "widget.category": "Plugins",
+  "settings.header.title": "Sample Plugin Capability Inspector",
+  "settings.section.info": "Plugin Info",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "Accessible Capabilities",
+  "settings.section.status": "Live Runtime Status",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "Plugin Name",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "Plugin Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "Version",
+  "settings.info.author": "Author",
+  "settings.info.description": "Description",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "Plugin Directory",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "Data Directory",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "Host Application",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "Host Version",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API Version",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "State Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "Clock Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "Message Bus Resolved",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "Component Placed",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "Placed Count",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "Preview Count",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "Placement Ids",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "Last Component Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "Last Cell Size",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "Clock Service Time",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "Updated: {0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "Frontend Status",
+  "status.component.title": "Component Status",
+  "status.backend.title": "Backend Status",
+  "status.service.title": "Clock Service",
+  "status.summary.pending": "Pending",
+  "status.summary.attached": "Attached",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "Healthy",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "Faulted",
+  "status.summary.placed": "Placed",
+  "status.summary.preview": "Preview",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "Waiting for a plugin UI surface to connect.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "Settings page is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "Widget surface is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "No component instance has been created yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "No component instance is active.",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "Preview instances: {0}; no placed desktop instance is active yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "Placed count: {0}; preview count: {1}; placements: {2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "Plugin initialization is in progress.",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "Initialization log written to: {0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "Initialization log write failed: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "Clock service is not attached yet.",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "Clock service was attached and is waiting for the first tick.",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "Clock service is running. Current service time: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "Clock state write failed: {0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "Readable. Current plugin id: {0}; version: {1}.",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "Readable. Plugin directory: {0}; data directory: {1}.",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "Readable. Host properties currently exposed: {0}.",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "Callable. State service resolved: {0}; clock service resolved: {1}; message bus resolved: {2}.",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "Callable during plugin initialization. This sample plugin registers SamplePluginRuntimeStateService and SamplePluginClockService into the plugin service container.",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "Plugin Communication Bus",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "This sample plugin uses IPluginMessageBus to push clock ticks and state change notifications into plugin UI surfaces.",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "Widgets can read ComponentId, PlacementId, CellSize, and call GetService<T>() against the same plugin service container.",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "Preview surface | placed: {0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "Placement {0} | placed: {1}",
+  "common.dev": "dev",
+  "common.none": "(none)",
+  "common.unknown": "(unknown)",
+  "common.true": "true",
+  "common.false": "false",
+  "common.yes": "Yes",
+  "common.no": "No"
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/zh-CN.json

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "插件状态",
+  "plugin.name": "阑山示例插件",
+  "plugin.description": "用于验证 PluginSdk 加载、服务、通信与本地化能力的示例插件。",
+  "widget.display_name": "示例插件状态时钟",
+  "widget.category": "插件",
+  "settings.header.title": "示例插件能力检查器",
+  "settings.section.info": "插件信息",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "可访问能力",
+  "settings.section.status": "实时运行状态",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "插件名称",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "插件 Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "版本",
+  "settings.info.author": "作者",
+  "settings.info.description": "描述",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "插件目录",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "数据目录",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "宿主应用",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "宿主版本",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API 版本",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "状态服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "时钟服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "消息总线已解析",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "组件是否已放置",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "已放置数量",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "预览数量",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "放置位置 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "最近组件 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "最近单元尺寸",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "时钟服务时间",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "更新时间：{0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "前端状态",
+  "status.component.title": "组件状态",
+  "status.backend.title": "后端状态",
+  "status.service.title": "时钟服务",
+  "status.summary.pending": "等待中",
+  "status.summary.attached": "已挂接",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "正常",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "异常",
+  "status.summary.placed": "已放置",
+  "status.summary.preview": "预览中",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "等待插件界面接入。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "当前还没有创建组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "当前没有活动中的组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "插件初始化进行中。",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "时钟服务尚未挂接。",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "插件通信总线",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}",
+  "common.dev": "开发版",
+  "common.none": "（无）",
+  "common.unknown": "（未知）",
+  "common.true": "是",
+  "common.false": "否",
+  "common.yes": "是",
+  "common.no": "否"
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin
+
+这是阑山桌面的**示例开发插件**。
+
+它用于演示以下能力：
+- 插件入口与 `plugin.json` 清单
+- 插件服务注册
+- 插件设置页注册
+- 插件桌面组件注册
+- 插件内通信与状态更新
+- `.laapp` 打包与安装流程
+- 插件多语言资源组织方式
+
+如果你要开发自己的插件，建议以这个目录为模板开始。
+
+这个目录仅用于示例开发与打包发布，不承载宿主应用内部的插件加载逻辑。

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+[PluginEntrance]
+public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable
+{
+    private SamplePluginRuntimeStateService? _stateService;
+    private SamplePluginClockService? _clockService;
+
+    public override void Initialize(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(context.DataDirectory);
+        var localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+
+        var hostName = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostApplicationName, "UnknownHost");
+        var hostVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostVersion, "UnknownVersion");
+        var sdkApiVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.PluginSdkApiVersion, "UnknownApiVersion");
+        var messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Plugin message bus is not available.");
+
+        _stateService = new SamplePluginRuntimeStateService(
+            context.Manifest,
+            context.PluginDirectory,
+            context.DataDirectory,
+            hostName,
+            hostVersion,
+            sdkApiVersion,
+            messageBus,
+            localizer);
+        context.RegisterService(_stateService);
+
+        _clockService = new SamplePluginClockService(context.DataDirectory, _stateService, messageBus, localizer);
+        context.RegisterService(_clockService);
+        _stateService.AttachClockService(_clockService);
+
+        var logPath = Path.Combine(context.DataDirectory, "sample-plugin.log");
+        var initMessage =
+            $"[{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow:O}] {context.Manifest.Name} initialized in {hostName} (plugin version {context.Manifest.Version ?? "dev"}).";
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.AppendAllText(logPath, initMessage + Environment.NewLine);
+            _stateService.MarkBackendReady(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_written",
+                "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+                logPath));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _stateService.MarkBackendFaulted(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed",
+                "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        _clockService.Start();
+
+        context.RegisterSettingsPage(new PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+            "status",
+            localizer.GetString("settings.page_title", "插件状态"),
+            () => new SamplePluginSettingsView(context)));
+
+        context.RegisterDesktopComponent(new PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+            "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.StatusClock",
+            localizer.GetString("widget.display_name", "示例插件状态时钟"),
+            widgetContext => new SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(widgetContext),
+            iconKey: "PuzzlePiece",
+            category: localizer.GetString("widget.category", "插件"),
+            minWidthCells: 4,
+            minHeightCells: 4,
+            allowDesktopPlacement: true,
+            allowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+            resizeMode: PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+            cornerRadiusResolver: cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.34, 18, 34)));
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        _clockService?.Dispose();
+        _clockService = null;
+        _stateService = null;
+    }
+
+    private static string GetHostProperty(IPluginContext context, string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return context.TryGetProperty<string>(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? value
+            : fallback;
+    }
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal enum SamplePluginHealthState
+{
+    Healthy,
+    Pending,
+    Faulted
+}
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginStatusEntry(
+    string Key,
+    string Title,
+    SamplePluginHealthState State,
+    string Summary,
+    string Detail,
+    DateTimeOffset UpdatedAt);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+    string Title,
+    string Detail);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot(
+    PluginManifest Manifest,
+    string PluginDirectory,
+    string DataDirectory,
+    string HostApplicationName,
+    string HostVersion,
+    string SdkApiVersion,
+    IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginStatusEntry> StatusEntries,
+    bool HasPlacedComponent,
+    int PlacedCount,
+    int PreviewCount,
+    IReadOnlyList<string> PlacementIds,
+    string? LastComponentId,
+    double LastCellSize,
+    DateTimeOffset? ServiceClockTime);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginClockTickMessage(DateTimeOffset CurrentTime);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginStateChangedMessage(string Reason);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginComponentInstance(
+    string ComponentId,
+    string? PlacementId,
+    double CellSize)
+{
+    public bool IsPlaced => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(PlacementId);
+}
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, SamplePluginComponentInstance> _componentInstances =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    private readonly PluginManifest _manifest;
+    private readonly string _pluginDirectory;
+    private readonly string _dataDirectory;
+    private readonly string _hostApplicationName;
+    private readonly string _hostVersion;
+    private readonly string _sdkApiVersion;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _frontend;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _component;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _backend;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _service;
+    private string? _lastComponentId;
+    private double _lastCellSize;
+    private DateTimeOffset? _serviceClockTime;
+
+    public SamplePluginRuntimeStateService(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        string hostApplicationName,
+        string hostVersion,
+        string sdkApiVersion,
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
+    {
+        _manifest = manifest;
+        _pluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        _dataDirectory = dataDirectory;
+        _hostApplicationName = hostApplicationName;
+        _hostVersion = hostVersion;
+        _sdkApiVersion = sdkApiVersion;
+        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
+
+        _frontend = CreateEntry(
+            "frontend",
+            T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.frontend.detail.pending", "等待插件界面接入。"));
+
+        _component = CreateEntry(
+            "component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.pending", "当前还没有创建组件实例。"));
+
+        _backend = CreateEntry(
+            "backend",
+            T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.backend.detail.pending", "插件初始化进行中。"));
+
+        _service = CreateEntry(
+            "service",
+            T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.service.detail.pending", "时钟服务尚未挂接。"));
+    }
+
+    public void AttachClockService(SamplePluginClockService clockService)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(clockService);
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _serviceClockTime = clockService.CurrentTime;
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+                T("status.summary.attached", "已挂接"),
+                T("status.service.detail.attached", "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。"));
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service attached");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkFrontendReady(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _frontend = CreateEntry(
+                "frontend",
+                T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Frontend updated");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkBackendReady(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _backend = CreateEntry(
+                "backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Backend updated");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkBackendFaulted(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _backend = CreateEntry(
+                "backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Backend faulted");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkClockServiceTick(DateTimeOffset currentTime)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _serviceClockTime = currentTime;
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.service.detail.running",
+                    "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+                    currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service tick");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkClockServiceFaulted(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service faulted");
+    }
+
+    public string RegisterComponentInstance(string componentId, string? placementId, double cellSize)
+    {
+        var instanceId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _componentInstances[instanceId] = new SamplePluginComponentInstance(componentId, placementId, cellSize);
+            _lastComponentId = componentId;
+            _lastCellSize = cellSize;
+            UpdateComponentStatusNoLock();
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Component attached");
+        return instanceId;
+    }
+
+    public void UnregisterComponentInstance(string instanceId)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceId);
+
+        var removed = false;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            removed = _componentInstances.Remove(instanceId);
+            if (removed)
+            {
+                UpdateComponentStatusNoLock();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (removed)
+        {
+            PublishStateChanged("Component detached");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot GetSnapshot()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            var placementIds = _componentInstances.Values
+                .Where(instance => instance.IsPlaced)
+                .Select(instance => instance.PlacementId!)
+                .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .ToArray();
+
+            var previewCount = _componentInstances.Values.Count(instance => !instance.IsPlaced);
+
+            return new SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot(
+                _manifest,
+                _pluginDirectory,
+                _dataDirectory,
+                _hostApplicationName,
+                _hostVersion,
+                _sdkApiVersion,
+                [_frontend, _component, _backend, _service],
+                placementIds.Length > 0,
+                placementIds.Length,
+                previewCount,
+                placementIds,
+                _lastComponentId,
+                _lastCellSize,
+                _serviceClockTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginCapabilityItem> GetCapabilities(
+        IPluginContext context,
+        bool hasStateService,
+        bool hasClockService,
+        bool hasMessageBus)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+
+        var propertyNames = context.Properties.Count == 0
+            ? T("common.none", "（无）")
+            : string.Join(", ", context.Properties.Keys.OrderBy(key => key, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        return
+        [
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.manifest.title", "IPluginContext.Manifest"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.manifest.detail",
+                    "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+                    context.Manifest.Id,
+                    context.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版"))),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.directories.title", "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.directories.detail",
+                    "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+                    context.PluginDirectory,
+                    context.DataDirectory)),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.properties.title", "IPluginContext.Properties"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.properties.detail",
+                    "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+                    propertyNames)),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.get_service.title", "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.get_service.detail",
+                    "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+                    FormatBoolean(hasStateService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasClockService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasMessageBus))),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.register_service.title", "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.register_service.detail",
+                    "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。")),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.message_bus.title", "插件通信总线"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.message_bus.detail",
+                    "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。")),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.widget_context.title", "PluginDesktopComponentContext"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.widget_context.detail",
+                    "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。"))
+        ];
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateComponentStatusNoLock()
+    {
+        var placementIds = _componentInstances.Values
+            .Where(instance => instance.IsPlaced)
+            .Select(instance => instance.PlacementId!)
+            .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToArray();
+
+        var previewCount = _componentInstances.Values.Count(instance => !instance.IsPlaced);
+
+        if (placementIds.Length > 0)
+        {
+            _component = CreateEntry(
+                "component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.placed", "已放置"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.placed",
+                    "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+                    placementIds.Length,
+                    previewCount,
+                    string.Join(", ", placementIds)));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (previewCount > 0)
+        {
+            _component = CreateEntry(
+                "component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.preview", "预览中"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.preview",
+                    "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+                    previewCount));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _component = CreateEntry(
+            "component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.none", "当前没有活动中的组件实例。"));
+    }
+
+    private void PublishStateChanged(string reason)
+    {
+        _messageBus.Publish(new SamplePluginStateChangedMessage(reason));
+    }
+
+    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry CreateEntry(
+        string key,
+        string title,
+        SamplePluginHealthState state,
+        string summary,
+        string detail)
+    {
+        return new SamplePluginStatusEntry(
+            key,
+            title,
+            state,
+            summary,
+            detail,
+            DateTimeOffset.Now);
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
+}
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginClockService : IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly string _clockStateFilePath;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly Timer _timer;
+    private DateTimeOffset _currentTime = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+    private int _disposed;
+
+    public SamplePluginClockService(
+        string dataDirectory,
+        SamplePluginRuntimeStateService stateService,
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
+    {
+        _clockStateFilePath = Path.Combine(dataDirectory, "clock-service.txt");
+        _stateService = stateService;
+        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
+        _timer = new Timer(OnTimerTick);
+    }
+
+    public DateTimeOffset CurrentTime
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                return _currentTime;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Start()
+    {
+        PublishTick();
+        _timer.Change(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _timer.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    private void OnTimerTick(object? state)
+    {
+        PublishTick();
+    }
+
+    private void PublishTick()
+    {
+        if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var now = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _currentTime = now;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(
+                _clockStateFilePath,
+                now.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceTick(now);
+            _messageBus.Publish(new SamplePluginClockTickMessage(now));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceFaulted(_localizer.Format(
+                "status.service.detail.write_failed",
+                "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
+        }
+    }
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
+{
+    private readonly IPluginContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly StackPanel _pluginInfoPanel = new() { Spacing = 8 };
+    private readonly StackPanel _capabilityPanel = new() { Spacing = 8 };
+    private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel = new() { Spacing = 10 };
+    private readonly List<IDisposable> _subscriptions = [];
+
+    public SamplePluginSettingsView(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
+        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginClockService is not available.");
+        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");
+
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected",
+            "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。"));
+
+        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+
+        Content = new Border
+        {
+            Background = new LinearGradientBrush
+            {
+                StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+                EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+                GradientStops =
+                [
+                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#1F0B1120"), 0),
+                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#260C4A6E"), 1)
+                ]
+            },
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6628B2FF")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(18),
+            Padding = new Thickness(18),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 14,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = T("settings.header.title", "示例插件能力检查器"),
+                        FontSize = 22,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White
+                    },
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.info", "插件信息"), _pluginInfoPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.capabilities", "可访问能力"), _capabilityPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.status", "实时运行状态"), _statusPanel)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        RefreshView();
+    }
+
+    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        SubscribeToPluginBus();
+        RefreshView();
+    }
+
+    private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        foreach (var subscription in _subscriptions)
+        {
+            subscription.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Clear();
+    }
+
+    private void SubscribeToPluginBus()
+    {
+        if (_subscriptions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginClockTickMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(RefreshView)));
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginStateChangedMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(RefreshView)));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshView()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        RefreshPluginInfo(snapshot);
+        RefreshCapabilities();
+        RefreshStatuses(snapshot);
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshPluginInfo(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Clear();
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.plugin_name", "插件名称"),
+            T("plugin.name", snapshot.Manifest.Name)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_id", "插件 Id"), snapshot.Manifest.Id));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.version", "版本"), snapshot.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.author", "作者"), snapshot.Manifest.Author ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.description", "描述"),
+            T("plugin.description", snapshot.Manifest.Description ?? T("common.none", "（无）"))));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_directory", "插件目录"), snapshot.PluginDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.data_directory", "数据目录"), snapshot.DataDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_application", "宿主应用"), snapshot.HostApplicationName));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_version", "宿主版本"), snapshot.HostVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.sdk_api_version", "SDK API 版本"), snapshot.SdkApiVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.state_service_resolved", "状态服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_resolved", "时钟服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.message_bus_resolved", "消息总线已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.component_placed", "组件是否已放置"),
+            snapshot.HasPlacedComponent ? T("common.yes", "是") : T("common.no", "否")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.placed_count", "已放置数量"), snapshot.PlacedCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.preview_count", "预览数量"), snapshot.PreviewCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.placement_ids", "放置位置 Id"),
+            snapshot.PlacementIds.Count == 0 ? T("common.none", "（无）") : string.Join(", ", snapshot.PlacementIds)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_component_id", "最近组件 Id"),
+            snapshot.LastComponentId ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_cell_size", "最近单元尺寸"),
+            snapshot.LastCellSize > 0 ? $"{snapshot.LastCellSize:F0}px" : T("common.unknown", "（未知）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_time", "时钟服务时间"),
+            _clockService.CurrentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshCapabilities()
+    {
+        var capabilities = _stateService.GetCapabilities(
+            _context,
+            _context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null,
+            _context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null,
+            _context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null);
+
+        _capabilityPanel.Children.Clear();
+        foreach (var capability in capabilities)
+        {
+            _capabilityPanel.Children.Add(CreateCapabilityCard(capability));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshStatuses(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
+
+        foreach (var entry in snapshot.StatusEntries)
+        {
+            var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
+            _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
+            {
+                Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
+                BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Border),
+                BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+                CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+                Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
+                Child = new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 4,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        CreateStatusHeader(entry, palette),
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Detail,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = Tf("settings.status.updated_at", "更新时间：{0}", entry.UpdatedAt.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")),
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF93C5FD"))
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Border CreateSection(string title, Control content)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#14000000")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3328B2FF")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(14),
+            Padding = new Thickness(14),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 12,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = title,
+                        FontSize = 16,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White
+                    },
+                    content
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Control CreateInfoLine(string label, string value)
+    {
+        var grid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("180,*"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 10
+        };
+
+        var labelText = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = label,
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBAE6FD")),
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+        var valueText = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = value,
+            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+
+        grid.Children.Add(labelText);
+        grid.Children.Add(valueText);
+        Grid.SetColumn(valueText, 1);
+        return grid;
+    }
+
+    private Control CreateCapabilityCard(SamplePluginCapabilityItem item)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#0F082F49")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3338BDF8")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+            Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 4,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = item.Title,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = item.Detail,
+                        Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreateStatusHeader(
+        SamplePluginStatusEntry entry,
+        (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) palette)
+    {
+        var grid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 8
+        };
+
+        var dot = new Border
+        {
+            Width = 10,
+            Height = 10,
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Dot),
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+        };
+        var title = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Title,
+            FontSize = 15,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            Foreground = Brushes.White
+        };
+        var summary = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Summary,
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right
+        };
+
+        grid.Children.Add(dot);
+        grid.Children.Add(title);
+        grid.Children.Add(summary);
+        Grid.SetColumn(title, 1);
+        Grid.SetColumn(summary, 2);
+        return grid;
+    }
+
+    private static (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) GetPalette(SamplePluginHealthState state)
+    {
+        return state switch
+        {
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F115E59"),
+                Color.Parse("#665EEAD4"),
+                Color.Parse("#5EEAD4")),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted => (
+                Color.Parse("#291B1B"),
+                Color.Parse("#66F87171"),
+                Color.Parse("#F87171")),
+            _ => (
+                Color.Parse("#2B3A2A0D"),
+                Color.Parse("#66FBBF24"),
+                Color.Parse("#FBBF24"))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginStatusClockWidget.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
+{
+    private readonly PluginDesktopComponentContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly TextBlock _timeTextBlock;
+    private readonly TextBlock _subtitleTextBlock;
+    private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel;
+    private readonly Border _statusHost;
+    private readonly List<IDisposable> _subscriptions = [];
+    private string? _instanceId;
+
+    public SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
+        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginClockService is not available.");
+        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");
+
+        _timeTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left
+        };
+        _subtitleTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBFE9FF")),
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+        _statusPanel = new StackPanel
+        {
+            Spacing = 8
+        };
+        _statusHost = new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#1F082F49")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#5538BDF8")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            Child = _statusPanel
+        };
+
+        Background = new LinearGradientBrush
+        {
+            StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+            EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+            GradientStops =
+            [
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF07111F"), 0),
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF0C4A6E"), 0.55),
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF0EA5E9"), 1)
+            ]
+        };
+        BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6648C7FF"));
+        BorderThickness = new Thickness(1);
+        HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch;
+        VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch;
+        Child = new Grid
+        {
+            RowDefinitions = new RowDefinitions("Auto,*"),
+            RowSpacing = 14,
+            Children =
+            {
+                new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 4,
+                    HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        _timeTextBlock,
+                        _subtitleTextBlock
+                    }
+                },
+                _statusHost
+            }
+        };
+
+        Grid.SetRow(((Grid)Child).Children[1], 1);
+
+        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged += OnSizeChanged;
+
+        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
+        UpdateSubtitle();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+        ApplyScale();
+    }
+
+    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_instanceId))
+        {
+            _instanceId = _stateService.RegisterComponentInstance(
+                _context.ComponentId,
+                _context.PlacementId,
+                _context.CellSize);
+        }
+
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected",
+            "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。"));
+        SubscribeToPluginBus();
+
+        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
+        UpdateSubtitle();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+    }
+
+    private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        foreach (var subscription in _subscriptions)
+        {
+            subscription.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Clear();
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_instanceId))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _stateService.UnregisterComponentInstance(_instanceId);
+        _instanceId = null;
+    }
+
+    private void OnSizeChanged(object? sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        ApplyScale();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+    }
+
+    private void SubscribeToPluginBus()
+    {
+        if (_subscriptions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginClockTickMessage>(message =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() => RefreshClock(message.CurrentTime))));
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginStateChangedMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+            {
+                UpdateSubtitle();
+                RefreshStatusPanel();
+            })));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshClock(DateTimeOffset currentTime)
+    {
+        _timeTextBlock.Text = currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateSubtitle()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        _subtitleTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_context.PlacementId)
+            ? Tf("widget.subtitle.preview", "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}", snapshot.PlacedCount)
+            : Tf("widget.subtitle.placement", "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}", _context.PlacementId!, snapshot.PlacedCount);
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshStatusPanel()
+    {
+        _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
+
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        var basis = GetLayoutBasis();
+        var titleSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.068, 11, 16);
+        var detailSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.052, 9, 13);
+
+        foreach (var entry in snapshot.StatusEntries)
+        {
+            var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
+            _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
+            {
+                Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
+                BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Border),
+                BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+                CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+                Padding = new Thickness(10, 8),
+                Child = new Grid
+                {
+                    RowDefinitions = new RowDefinitions("Auto,Auto"),
+                    ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
+                    ColumnSpacing = 8,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        new Border
+                        {
+                            Width = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.038, 8, 11),
+                            Height = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.038, 8, 11),
+                            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
+                            Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Dot),
+                            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Title,
+                            FontSize = titleSize,
+                            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Summary,
+                            FontSize = detailSize,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+                            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right,
+                            TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Right,
+                            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Detail,
+                            FontSize = detailSize,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            var row = (Grid)((Border)_statusPanel.Children[^1]).Child!;
+            Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[1], 1);
+            Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[2], 2);
+            Grid.SetColumnSpan(row.Children[3], 3);
+            Grid.SetRow(row.Children[3], 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ApplyScale()
+    {
+        var basis = GetLayoutBasis();
+        Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.09, 16, 26));
+        CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.14, 20, 34));
+        _timeTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.22, 30, 58);
+        _subtitleTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.062, 11, 17);
+        _statusHost.Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.045, 10, 18));
+        _statusHost.CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.09, 14, 22));
+        _statusPanel.Spacing = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.024, 6, 10);
+    }
+
+    private double GetLayoutBasis()
+    {
+        var width = Bounds.Width > 1 ? Bounds.Width : _context.CellSize * 4;
+        var height = Bounds.Height > 1 ? Bounds.Height : _context.CellSize * 4;
+        return Math.Max(_context.CellSize * 4, Math.Min(width, height));
+    }
+
+    private static (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) GetPalette(SamplePluginHealthState state)
+    {
+        return state switch
+        {
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F0F766E"),
+                Color.Parse("#4D5EEAD4"),
+                Color.Parse("#5EEAD4")),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted => (
+                Color.Parse("#29B91C1C"),
+                Color.Parse("#66F87171"),
+                Color.Parse("#F87171")),
+            _ => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F7C2D12"),
+                Color.Parse("#66FDBA74"),
+                Color.Parse("#FDBA74"))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+}

LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/plugin.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "id": "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin",
+  "name": "LanMountain Sample Plugin",
+  "description": "Example plugin used to validate PluginSdk loading and isolation.",
+  "author": "LanMountainDesktop",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "apiVersion": "1.0.0",
+  "entranceAssembly": "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.dll"
+}

LanAirApp/samples/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 示例插件
+
+本目录用于存放阑山桌面的示例开发插件。
+
+当前示例：
+- `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`
+
+说明：
+- 这个插件是**示例开发插件**，用于演示插件项目结构、服务注册、设置页注册、桌面组件注册、`.laapp` 打包与安装流程。
+- 开发新插件时，建议直接从这个示例插件复制一份再修改。
+- 示例插件属于 `LanAirApp/` 对外开发工作区；宿主应用里的插件运行时与解析实现位于 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。

LanAirApp/standards/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 插件标准文件
+
+这里存放 LanMountainDesktop 插件开发所使用的标准模板与约定文件。
+
+当前标准：
+- 安装包扩展名：`.laapp`
+- 插件清单文件名：`plugin.json`
+- 多语言资源目录：`Localization/`
+- 建议内置语言文件：`zh-CN.json`、`en-US.json`
+
+创建新插件时，建议优先参考本目录中的模板文件。

LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "id": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin",
+  "name": "Your Plugin",
+  "description": "Describe what your plugin adds to LanMountainDesktop.",
+  "author": "Your Name",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "apiVersion": "1.0.0",
+  "entranceAssembly": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin.dll"
+}

LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+return await RunAsync(args);
+
+static async Task<int> RunAsync(string[] args)
+{
+    if (args.Length == 0 || args.Any(arg => string.Equals(arg, "--help", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+    {
+        PrintUsage();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    string? inputDirectory = null;
+    string? outputPath = null;
+    var overwrite = false;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+    {
+        switch (args[i])
+        {
+            case "--input":
+                inputDirectory = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--input");
+                break;
+            case "--output":
+                outputPath = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--output");
+                break;
+            case "--overwrite":
+                overwrite = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown argument '{args[i]}'.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(inputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing required argument '--input'.");
+    }
+
+    var fullInputDirectory = Path.GetFullPath(inputDirectory);
+    if (!Directory.Exists(fullInputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new DirectoryNotFoundException($"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' was not found.");
+    }
+
+    var manifestPath = Path.Combine(fullInputDirectory, PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName);
+    if (!File.Exists(manifestPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' does not contain '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}'.",
+            manifestPath);
+    }
+
+    var manifest = PluginManifest.Load(manifestPath);
+    var entranceAssemblyPath = manifest.ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(manifestPath);
+    if (!File.Exists(entranceAssemblyPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"The entrance assembly declared by '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}' was not found.",
+            entranceAssemblyPath);
+    }
+
+    outputPath ??= Path.Combine(
+        Path.GetDirectoryName(fullInputDirectory) ?? fullInputDirectory,
+        BuildPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+
+    var fullOutputPath = Path.GetFullPath(outputPath);
+    var inputDirectoryWithSeparator = EnsureTrailingSeparator(fullInputDirectory);
+    if (fullOutputPath.StartsWith(inputDirectoryWithSeparator, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("The output .laapp path cannot be placed inside the source directory.");
+    }
+
+    var destinationDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullOutputPath);
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(destinationDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to determine the output directory for the .laapp package.");
+    }
+
+    Directory.CreateDirectory(destinationDirectory);
+    if (File.Exists(fullOutputPath))
+    {
+        if (!overwrite)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"The output package '{fullOutputPath}' already exists. Pass '--overwrite' to replace it.");
+        }
+
+        File.Delete(fullOutputPath);
+    }
+
+    await Task.Run(() => ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(
+        fullInputDirectory,
+        fullOutputPath,
+        CompressionLevel.Optimal,
+        includeBaseDirectory: false));
+
+    Console.WriteLine($"Packaged '{manifest.Name}' to '{fullOutputPath}'.");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static string ReadValue(IReadOnlyList<string> args, ref int index, string optionName)
+{
+    var nextIndex = index + 1;
+    if (nextIndex >= args.Count)
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing value for '{optionName}'.");
+    }
+
+    index = nextIndex;
+    return args[nextIndex];
+}
+
+static string BuildPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+{
+    var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+    var safeName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+    return safeName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+}
+
+static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
+{
+    return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
+        ? path
+        : path + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+}
+
+static void PrintUsage()
+{
+    Console.WriteLine("LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager");
+    Console.WriteLine("Usage:");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --input <plugin build directory>   Required");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --output <path to .laapp>          Optional");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --overwrite                        Optional");
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPlugin.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPlugin
+{
+    void Initialize(IPluginContext context);
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginContext
+{
+    PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
+
+    string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    string DataDirectory { get; }
+
+    IServiceProvider Services { get; }
+
+    IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> Properties { get; }
+
+    T? GetService<T>();
+
+    bool TryGetProperty<T>(string key, out T? value);
+
+    void RegisterService<TService>(TService service)
+        where TService : class;
+
+    void RegisterSettingsPage(PluginSettingsPageRegistration registration);
+
+    void RegisterDesktopComponent(PluginDesktopComponentRegistration registration);
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginMessageBus.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginMessageBus
+{
+    IDisposable Subscribe<TMessage>(Action<TMessage> handler);
+
+    void Publish<TMessage>(TMessage message);
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Remove="_build_verify_*\**\*.cs" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.12" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginBase.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public abstract class PluginBase : IPlugin
+{
+    public virtual void Initialize(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginDesktopComponentContext
+{
+    public PluginDesktopComponentContext(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        IServiceProvider services,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties,
+        string componentId,
+        string? placementId,
+        double cellSize)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(manifest);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginDirectory);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(dataDirectory);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(services);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(properties);
+
+        Manifest = manifest;
+        PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        DataDirectory = dataDirectory;
+        Services = services;
+        Properties = properties;
+        ComponentId = componentId.Trim();
+        PlacementId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(placementId) ? null : placementId.Trim();
+        CellSize = Math.Max(1, cellSize);
+    }
+
+    public PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
+
+    public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    public string DataDirectory { get; }
+
+    public IServiceProvider Services { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> Properties { get; }
+
+    public string ComponentId { get; }
+
+    public string? PlacementId { get; }
+
+    public double CellSize { get; }
+
+    public T? GetService<T>()
+    {
+        return (T?)Services.GetService(typeof(T));
+    }
+
+    public bool TryGetProperty<T>(string key, out T? value)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+        if (Properties.TryGetValue(key, out var rawValue) && rawValue is T typedValue)
+        {
+            value = typedValue;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        value = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentRegistration.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginDesktopComponentRegistration
+{
+    public PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+        string componentId,
+        string displayName,
+        Func<PluginDesktopComponentContext, Control> controlFactory,
+        string iconKey = "PuzzlePiece",
+        string category = "Plugins",
+        int minWidthCells = 2,
+        int minHeightCells = 2,
+        bool allowDesktopPlacement = true,
+        bool allowStatusBarPlacement = false,
+        PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode resizeMode = PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey = null,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(displayName);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(iconKey);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(category);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(controlFactory);
+
+        ComponentId = componentId.Trim();
+        DisplayName = displayName.Trim();
+        DisplayNameLocalizationKey = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(displayNameLocalizationKey)
+            ? null
+            : displayNameLocalizationKey.Trim();
+        ControlFactory = controlFactory;
+        IconKey = iconKey.Trim();
+        Category = category.Trim();
+        MinWidthCells = Math.Max(1, minWidthCells);
+        MinHeightCells = Math.Max(1, minHeightCells);
+        AllowDesktopPlacement = allowDesktopPlacement;
+        AllowStatusBarPlacement = allowStatusBarPlacement;
+        ResizeMode = resizeMode;
+        CornerRadiusResolver = cornerRadiusResolver;
+    }
+
+    public string ComponentId { get; }
+
+    public string DisplayName { get; }
+
+    public string? DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }
+
+    public Func<PluginDesktopComponentContext, Control> ControlFactory { get; }
+
+    public string IconKey { get; }
+
+    public string Category { get; }
+
+    public int MinWidthCells { get; }
+
+    public int MinHeightCells { get; }
+
+    public bool AllowDesktopPlacement { get; }
+
+    public bool AllowStatusBarPlacement { get; }
+
+    public PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode ResizeMode { get; }
+
+    public Func<double, double>? CornerRadiusResolver { get; }
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public enum PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode
+{
+    Proportional = 0,
+    Free = 1
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginEntranceAttribute.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]
+public sealed class PluginEntranceAttribute : Attribute
+{
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginHostPropertyKeys.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginHostPropertyKeys
+{
+    public const string HostApplicationName = "HostApplicationName";
+    public const string HostVersion = "HostVersion";
+    public const string PluginSdkApiVersion = "PluginSdkApiVersion";
+    public const string HostLanguageCode = "HostLanguageCode";
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLocalizer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginLocalizer
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new()
+    {
+        ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Skip,
+        AllowTrailingCommas = true
+    };
+
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> _cache =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public PluginLocalizer(string pluginDirectory, string? languageCode)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginDirectory);
+
+        PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        LanguageCode = NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode);
+    }
+
+    public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    public string LanguageCode { get; }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public string GetString(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+        var primaryTable = LoadLanguageTable(LanguageCode);
+        if (primaryTable.TryGetValue(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(LanguageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var fallbackTable = LoadLanguageTable("en-US");
+            if (fallbackTable.TryGetValue(key, out value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+            {
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return fallback;
+    }
+
+    public string Format(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, GetString(key, fallback), args);
+    }
+
+    public static string NormalizeLanguageCode(string? languageCode)
+    {
+        return string.Equals(languageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? "en-US"
+            : "zh-CN";
+    }
+
+    public static string ResolveLanguageCode(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(properties);
+
+        return properties.TryGetValue(PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostLanguageCode, out var rawValue) &&
+               rawValue is string languageCode
+            ? NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode)
+            : NormalizeLanguageCode(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.Name);
+    }
+
+    private Dictionary<string, string> LoadLanguageTable(string languageCode)
+    {
+        if (_cache.TryGetValue(languageCode, out var table))
+        {
+            return table;
+        }
+
+        var result = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        try
+        {
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(PluginDirectory, "Localization", $"{languageCode}.json");
+            if (File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                var json = File.ReadAllText(filePath).TrimStart('\uFEFF');
+                var data = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(json, JsonOptions);
+                if (data is not null)
+                {
+                    result = new Dictionary<string, string>(data, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Keep empty localization table for plugin resilience.
+        }
+
+        _cache[languageCode] = result;
+        return result;
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginManifest.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed record PluginManifest(
+    string Id,
+    string Name,
+    string EntranceAssembly,
+    string? Description = null,
+    string? Author = null,
+    string? Version = null,
+    string? ApiVersion = null)
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
+    {
+        PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true,
+        ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Skip,
+        AllowTrailingCommas = true
+    };
+
+    public static PluginManifest Load(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(manifestPath);
+
+        using var stream = File.OpenRead(manifestPath);
+        return Load(stream, manifestPath);
+    }
+
+    public static PluginManifest Load(Stream stream, string sourceName)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(stream);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(sourceName);
+
+        var manifest = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<PluginManifest>(stream, SerializerOptions);
+        if (manifest is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to deserialize plugin manifest '{sourceName}'.");
+        }
+
+        return manifest.NormalizeAndValidate(sourceName);
+    }
+
+    public string ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(manifestPath);
+
+        if (Path.IsPathRooted(EntranceAssembly))
+        {
+            return Path.GetFullPath(EntranceAssembly);
+        }
+
+        var manifestDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(Path.GetFullPath(manifestPath))
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to determine the directory of '{manifestPath}'.");
+
+        return Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(manifestDirectory, EntranceAssembly));
+    }
+
+    private PluginManifest NormalizeAndValidate(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        var normalized = this with
+        {
+            Id = RequireValue(Id, nameof(Id), manifestPath),
+            Name = RequireValue(Name, nameof(Name), manifestPath),
+            EntranceAssembly = RequireValue(EntranceAssembly, nameof(EntranceAssembly), manifestPath),
+            Description = NormalizeOptionalValue(Description),
+            Author = NormalizeOptionalValue(Author),
+            Version = NormalizeOptionalValue(Version),
+            ApiVersion = NormalizeOptionalValue(ApiVersion) ?? PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion
+        };
+
+        if (!System.Version.TryParse(normalized.ApiVersion, out var requestedVersion))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' declares an invalid API version '{normalized.ApiVersion}'.");
+        }
+
+        if (!System.Version.TryParse(PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion, out var currentVersion))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Plugin SDK API version '{PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion}' is invalid.");
+        }
+
+        if (requestedVersion.Major != currentVersion.Major)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin '{normalized.Id}' targets API version '{normalized.ApiVersion}', but the host provides '{PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion}'.");
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static string RequireValue(string? value, string propertyName, string manifestPath)
+    {
+        var normalized = NormalizeOptionalValue(value);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(normalized))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' is missing required property '{propertyName}'.");
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static string? NormalizeOptionalValue(string? value)
+    {
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) ? null : value.Trim();
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSdkInfo.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginSdkInfo
+{
+    public const string ApiVersion = "1.0.0";
+    public const string ManifestFileName = "plugin.json";
+    public const string PackageFileExtension = ".laapp";
+    public const string DataDirectoryName = "Data";
+    public const string RuntimeDirectoryName = ".runtime";
+    public const string ExtractedPackagesDirectoryName = "packages";
+    public const string PackagedDataDirectoryName = "data";
+}

LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSettingsPageRegistration.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginSettingsPageRegistration
+{
+    public PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+        string id,
+        string title,
+        Func<Control> contentFactory,
+        int sortOrder = 0)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(id);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(title);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(contentFactory);
+
+        Id = id.Trim();
+        Title = title.Trim();
+        ContentFactory = contentFactory;
+        SortOrder = sortOrder;
+    }
+
+    public string Id { get; }
+
+    public string Title { get; }
+
+    public int SortOrder { get; }
+
+    public Func<Control> ContentFactory { get; }
+}

LanMountainDesktop.sln

@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ VisualStudioVersion = 17.0.31903.59
 MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop", "LanMountainDesktop\LanMountainDesktop.csproj", "{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}"
 EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin", "LanAirApp\samples\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj", "{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager", "LanAirApp\tools\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj", "{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk", "LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj", "{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -15,5 +21,17 @@ Global
 		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 	EndGlobalSection
 EndGlobal

LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ namespace LanMountainDesktop;
 public partial class App : Application
 {
     private SettingsWindow? _traySettingsWindow;
+    private PluginRuntimeService? _pluginRuntimeService;
+
+    public PluginRuntimeService? PluginRuntimeService => _pluginRuntimeService;
 
     public override void Initialize()
     {
@@ -28,6 +31,7 @@ public partial class App : Application
     public override void OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted()
     {
         LinuxDesktopEntryInstaller.EnsureInstalled();
+        InitializePluginRuntime();
 
         if (ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
         {
@@ -92,45 +96,7 @@ public partial class App : Application
 
     private void OnTrayRestartClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
     {
-        if (ApplicationLifetime is not IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (TryStartCurrentProcess())
-        {
-            desktop.Shutdown();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static bool TryStartCurrentProcess()
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            var args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
-            if (args.Length == 0 || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[0]))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
-            {
-                FileName = args[0],
-                UseShellExecute = false
-            };
-
-            for (var i = 1; i < args.Length; i++)
-            {
-                startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(args[i]);
-            }
-
-            Process.Start(startInfo);
-            return true;
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
+        AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication();
     }
 
     private void DisableAvaloniaDataAnnotationValidation()
@@ -172,4 +138,18 @@ public partial class App : Application
             // Keep startup resilient if user profile folders are unavailable.
         }
     }
+
+    private void InitializePluginRuntime()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            _pluginRuntimeService?.Dispose();
+            _pluginRuntimeService = new PluginRuntimeService();
+            _pluginRuntimeService.LoadInstalledPlugins();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine($"[PluginRuntime] Failed to initialize plugin runtime: {ex}");
+        }
+    }
 }

LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/ComponentRegistry.cs

@@ -385,6 +385,13 @@ public sealed class ComponentRegistry
         return new ComponentRegistry(merged);
     }
 
+    public ComponentRegistry RegisterComponents(IEnumerable<DesktopComponentDefinition> definitions)
+    {
+        var merged = _definitions.Values.ToList();
+        merged.AddRange(definitions);
+        return new ComponentRegistry(merged);
+    }
+
     public bool TryGetDefinition(string componentId, out DesktopComponentDefinition definition)
     {
         return _definitions.TryGetValue(componentId, out definition!);

LanMountainDesktop/LanMountainDesktop.csproj

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@
     <None Include="Extensions\Components\*.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.12" />
     <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="11.3.12" />

LanMountainDesktop/Localization/en-US.json

@@ -237,6 +237,25 @@
     "settings.about.startup_header":  "Windows Startup",
     "settings.about.startup_desc":  "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.",
     "settings.about.startup_toggle":  "Launch at Windows sign-in",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_header":  "App Rendering Mode",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_desc":  "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.default":  "Default",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.software":  "Software",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl":  "angleEgl",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.wgl":  "WGL",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.vulkan":  "Vulkan",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.unknown":  "Unknown",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_label":  "Current actual backend",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "Current backend: {0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "Runtime implementation details are unavailable.",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "Restart now",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "Cancel",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "Restart app",
     "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop Settings",
     "filepicker.title":  "Select wallpaper",
     "filepicker.image_files":  "Image files",
@@ -268,9 +287,39 @@
     "settings.launcher.restore_button":  "Show Again",
     "settings.plugins.title":  "Plugins",
     "settings.plugins.runtime_header":  "Plugin Runtime",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "Manage plugin loading and backend isolation.",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "This page will host installed plugin management, permission review, and sandboxed backend runtime controls.",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "Plugin management UI is not connected yet. Next step is wiring the loader, permissions, and worker isolation state into this panel.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "Review plugin runtime state and load results.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_header":  "Installed Plugins",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_desc":  "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.",
+    "settings.plugins.restart_hint":  "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.",
+    "settings.plugins.empty":  "No plugins found.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is not available.",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_format":  "Detected {0} plugin(s); enabled {1}; loaded {2}; settings pages {3}; widgets {4}; failures {5}.",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_item_format":  "{0}  v{1}  |  {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled":  "Enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled_failed":  "Enabled / failed to load",
+    "settings.plugins.state.disabled":  "Disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.state.loaded":  "Loaded",
+    "settings.plugins.state.load_failed":  "Load failed",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_on":  "Enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_off":  "Disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "Plugin '{0}' was {1} for the next launch. Restart the app to apply page and widget changes.",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "Open .laapp package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "Open a .laapp package to install it into: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "Select plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "Storage provider is unavailable.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "Failed to copy the selected .laapp package.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "Installed plugin '{0}'. Restart the app to apply newly added settings pages and widgets.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "Failed to install plugin package: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp package",
+    "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "Loose manifest",
+    "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.detail_format":  "Settings pages: {0} | Widgets: {1}",
     "button.component_library":  "Edit Desktop",
     "tooltip.component_library":  "Edit Desktop",
     "component_library.title":  "Widgets",
@@ -617,3 +666,5 @@
     "placement.center":  "Center",
     "placement.tile":  "Tile"
 }
+
+

LanMountainDesktop/Localization/zh-CN.json

@@ -237,6 +237,25 @@
     "settings.about.startup_header":  "Windows 自启动",
     "settings.about.startup_desc":  "在登录 Windows 时自动启动应用。",
     "settings.about.startup_toggle":  "登录 Windows 时启动",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_header":  "应用渲染模式",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_desc":  "选择应用渲染后端。更改后需要重启应用生效。不支持的模式会回退到软件渲染。",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.default":  "默认",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.software":  "软件",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl":  "angleEgl",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.wgl":  "WGL",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.vulkan":  "Vulkan",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.unknown":  "未知",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_label":  "当前实际渲染后端",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "当前后端：{0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "运行时实现：{0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "当前无法获取运行时实现信息。",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "需要重启应用，才能将渲染模式从“{0}”切换到“{1}”。是否现在重启？",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "立即重启",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "取消",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "部分更改需要在重启应用后才会生效。",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "重启应用",
     "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop 设置",
     "filepicker.title":  "选择壁纸",
     "filepicker.image_files":  "图片文件",
@@ -268,9 +287,39 @@
     "settings.launcher.restore_button":  "重新显示",
     "settings.plugins.title":  "插件",
     "settings.plugins.runtime_header":  "插件运行时",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "管理插件加载与后端隔离运行。",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "这里将承载已安装插件、权限审查和沙盒后端运行时控制。",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "插件管理界面尚未接入实际数据。下一步是把加载器、权限和 worker 隔离状态接到这里。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "查看插件运行时状态、加载结果与诊断信息。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "这里展示已安装插件的发现结果、加载状态和运行时诊断信息。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "插件扫描完成后，运行时状态会显示在这里。",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_header":  "已安装插件",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_desc":  "在这里启用或禁用插件。插件自己的详细设置会作为独立设置页出现。",
+    "settings.plugins.restart_hint":  "插件启用状态变更会在重启应用后生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.empty":  "未找到插件。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用。",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_format":  "共检测到 {0} 个插件；已启用 {1} 个；已加载 {2} 个；设置页 {3} 个；组件 {4} 个；失败 {5} 个。",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_item_format":  "{0}  v{1}  |  {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled":  "已启用",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled_failed":  "已启用 / 加载失败",
+    "settings.plugins.state.disabled":  "已禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.state.loaded":  "已加载",
+    "settings.plugins.state.load_failed":  "加载失败",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_on":  "启用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_off":  "禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "插件“{0}”已在下次启动时设为{1}。重启应用后，设置页和组件变更才会生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "启用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "打开 .laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用，暂时无法安装 .laapp 插件包。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "打开一个 .laapp 插件包，安装到：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "选择插件安装包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "文件存储提供程序不可用。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "复制所选 .laapp 插件包失败。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "插件“{0}”安装完成。重启应用后，新增的设置页和组件才会生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "安装插件包失败：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp 包",
+    "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "散装清单",
+    "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.detail_format":  "设置页：{0} | 组件：{1}",
     "button.component_library":  "桌面编辑",
     "tooltip.component_library":  "桌面编辑",
     "component_library.title":  "桌面编辑",
@@ -617,3 +666,5 @@
     "placement.center":  "居中",
     "placement.tile":  "平铺"
 }
+
+

LanMountainDesktop/Models/AppSettingsSnapshot.cs

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot
 
     public int SettingsTabIndex { get; set; } = 0;
 
+    public string? SettingsTabTag { get; set; }
+
     public string LanguageCode { get; set; } = "zh-CN";
 
     public string? TimeZoneId { get; set; }
@@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot
 
     public bool AutoStartWithWindows { get; set; }
 
+    public string AppRenderMode { get; set; } = "Default";
+
     public bool AutoCheckUpdates { get; set; } = true;
 
     public bool IncludePrereleaseUpdates { get; set; }
@@ -70,6 +74,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot
 
     public int StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent { get; set; } = 12;
 
+    public List<string> DisabledPluginIds { get; set; } = [];
+
     public AppSettingsSnapshot Clone()
     {
         var clone = (AppSettingsSnapshot)MemberwiseClone();
@@ -80,6 +86,9 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot
         clone.PinnedTaskbarActions = PinnedTaskbarActions is { Count: > 0 }
             ? new List<string>(PinnedTaskbarActions)
             : [];
+        clone.DisabledPluginIds = DisabledPluginIds is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new List<string>(DisabledPluginIds)
+            : [];
 
         return clone;
     }

LanMountainDesktop/Program.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.WebView.Desktop;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using System;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop;
@@ -10,14 +11,42 @@ sealed class Program
     // SynchronizationContext-reliant code before AppMain is called: things aren't initialized
     // yet and stuff might break.
     [STAThread]
-    public static void Main(string[] args) => BuildAvaloniaApp()
+    public static void Main(string[] args) => BuildAvaloniaApp(LoadConfiguredRenderMode())
         .StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(args);
 
     // Avalonia configuration, don't remove; also used by visual designer.
-    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp()
-        => AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
+    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp(string renderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default)
+    {
+        var builder = AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
             .UsePlatformDetect()
             .UseDesktopWebView()
             .WithInterFont()
             .LogToTrace();
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            var configuredModes = AppRenderingModeHelper.GetWin32RenderingModes(renderMode);
+            if (configuredModes is { Length: > 0 })
+            {
+                builder = builder.With(new Win32PlatformOptions
+                {
+                    RenderingMode = configuredModes
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    private static string LoadConfiguredRenderMode()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(new AppSettingsService().Load().AppRenderMode);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+        }
+    }
 }

LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public readonly record struct AppRenderBackendInfo(
+    string ActualBackend,
+    string? ImplementationTypeName);
+
+public static class AppRenderBackendDiagnostics
+{
+    public const string Unknown = "Unknown";
+
+    public static AppRenderBackendInfo Detect()
+    {
+        var platformGraphics = GetPlatformGraphics();
+        var implementationTypeName = platformGraphics?.GetType().FullName;
+        var actualBackend = DetectBackendFromImplementationType(implementationTypeName, platformGraphics is null);
+
+        return new AppRenderBackendInfo(actualBackend, implementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private static object? GetPlatformGraphics()
+    {
+        var currentResolver = typeof(AvaloniaLocator)
+            .GetProperty("Current", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static)
+            ?.GetValue(null);
+
+        var getServiceMethod = currentResolver?
+            .GetType()
+            .GetMethod(
+                "GetService",
+                BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance,
+                binder: null,
+                types: [typeof(Type)],
+                modifiers: null);
+
+        return getServiceMethod?.Invoke(currentResolver, [typeof(IPlatformGraphics)]);
+    }
+
+    private static string DetectBackendFromImplementationType(string? implementationTypeName, bool isSoftwareFallback)
+    {
+        if (isSoftwareFallback)
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Software;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(implementationTypeName))
+        {
+            return Unknown;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Vulkan", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Wgl", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Angle", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+            implementationTypeName.Contains("Egl", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl;
+        }
+
+        return Unknown;
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderingModeHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using Avalonia;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppRenderingModeHelper
+{
+    public const string Default = "Default";
+    public const string Software = "Software";
+    public const string AngleEgl = "AngleEgl";
+    public const string Wgl = "Wgl";
+    public const string Vulkan = "Vulkan";
+
+    public static string Normalize(string? value)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return Default;
+        }
+
+        return value.Trim().ToUpperInvariant() switch
+        {
+            "SOFTWARE" => Software,
+            "ANGLEEGL" => AngleEgl,
+            "ANGLE_EGL" => AngleEgl,
+            "WGL" => Wgl,
+            "VULKAN" => Vulkan,
+            _ => Default
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static Win32RenderingMode[]? GetWin32RenderingModes(string? value)
+    {
+        return Normalize(value) switch
+        {
+            Software => [Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            AngleEgl => [Win32RenderingMode.AngleEgl, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            Wgl => [Win32RenderingMode.Wgl, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            Vulkan => [Win32RenderingMode.Vulkan, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            _ => null
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRestartService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppRestartService
+{
+    public static bool TryRestartApplication()
+    {
+        if (!TryRestartCurrentProcess())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Application.Current?.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+        {
+            desktop.Shutdown();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TryRestartCurrentProcess()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var startInfo = CreateRestartStartInfo();
+            if (startInfo is null)
+            {
+                Debug.WriteLine("[AppRestart] Failed to resolve restart start info.");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Process.Start(startInfo);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine($"[AppRestart] Failed to restart app: {ex}");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static ProcessStartInfo? CreateRestartStartInfo(
+        string[]? commandLineArgs = null,
+        string? processPath = null,
+        string? entryAssemblyLocation = null)
+    {
+        var args = commandLineArgs ?? Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
+        var resolvedProcessPath = NormalizeExistingPath(processPath ?? Environment.ProcessPath);
+        var resolvedEntryAssemblyPath = NormalizeExistingPath(
+            entryAssemblyLocation ?? Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.Location);
+
+        if (IsDotnetHost(resolvedProcessPath))
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+                resolvedProcessPath!,
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resolvedProcessPath))
+        {
+            return CreateExecutableStartInfo(
+                resolvedProcessPath,
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resolvedEntryAssemblyPath) &&
+            string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(resolvedEntryAssemblyPath), ".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+                "dotnet",
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static ProcessStartInfo CreateExecutableStartInfo(
+        string executablePath,
+        string? entryAssemblyPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+        {
+            FileName = executablePath,
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = ResolveWorkingDirectory(executablePath, entryAssemblyPath)
+        };
+
+        AppendArguments(startInfo, commandLineArgs);
+        return startInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static ProcessStartInfo? CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+        string dotnetHostPath,
+        string? entryAssemblyPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entryAssemblyPath))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+        {
+            FileName = dotnetHostPath,
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = ResolveWorkingDirectory(dotnetHostPath, entryAssemblyPath)
+        };
+
+        startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(entryAssemblyPath);
+        AppendArguments(startInfo, commandLineArgs);
+        return startInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static void AppendArguments(ProcessStartInfo startInfo, IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        for (var i = 1; i < commandLineArgs.Count; i++)
+        {
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(commandLineArgs[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string? NormalizeExistingPath(string? path)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var fullPath = Path.GetFullPath(path);
+            return File.Exists(fullPath) ? fullPath : null;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsDotnetHost(string? processPath)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(processPath))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var fileName = Path.GetFileName(processPath);
+        return string.Equals(fileName, "dotnet", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+               string.Equals(fileName, "dotnet.exe", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveWorkingDirectory(string launchPath, string? entryAssemblyPath)
+    {
+        var basePath = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entryAssemblyPath)
+            ? entryAssemblyPath
+            : launchPath;
+
+        return Path.GetDirectoryName(basePath) ?? AppContext.BaseDirectory;
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem.Extensions;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class DesktopComponentRegistryFactory
+{
+    public static ComponentRegistry Create(PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var registry = ComponentRegistry
+            .CreateDefault()
+            .RegisterExtensions(
+                JsonComponentExtensionProvider.LoadProvidersFromDirectory(
+                    Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Extensions", "Components")));
+
+        var pluginDefinitions = GetPluginDefinitions(registry, pluginRuntimeService);
+        return pluginDefinitions.Count == 0
+            ? registry
+            : registry.RegisterComponents(pluginDefinitions);
+    }
+
+    public static DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry CreateRuntimeRegistry(
+        ComponentRegistry componentRegistry,
+        PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var registrations = DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry.GetDefaultRegistrations().ToList();
+        var registeredIds = new HashSet<string>(
+            registrations.Select(registration => registration.ComponentId),
+            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        if (pluginRuntimeService is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (var contribution in pluginRuntimeService.DesktopComponents)
+            {
+                var registration = contribution.Registration;
+                if (!componentRegistry.TryGetDefinition(registration.ComponentId, out _))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!registeredIds.Add(registration.ComponentId))
+                {
+                    Debug.WriteLine(
+                        $"[PluginRuntime] Skipped plugin widget '{registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}' because a runtime registration already exists.");
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                registrations.Add(new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
+                    registration.ComponentId,
+                    registration.DisplayNameLocalizationKey,
+                    factoryContext => CreatePluginControl(contribution, factoryContext),
+                    registration.CornerRadiusResolver));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry(componentRegistry, registrations);
+    }
+
+    private static List<DesktopComponentDefinition> GetPluginDefinitions(
+        ComponentRegistry baseRegistry,
+        PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var definitions = new List<DesktopComponentDefinition>();
+        if (pluginRuntimeService is null)
+        {
+            return definitions;
+        }
+
+        var knownIds = new HashSet<string>(
+            baseRegistry.GetAll().Select(definition => definition.Id),
+            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        foreach (var contribution in pluginRuntimeService.DesktopComponents)
+        {
+            var registration = contribution.Registration;
+            if (!knownIds.Add(registration.ComponentId))
+            {
+                Debug.WriteLine(
+                    $"[PluginRuntime] Skipped plugin widget '{registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}' because the component id already exists.");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            definitions.Add(new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                registration.ComponentId,
+                registration.DisplayName,
+                registration.IconKey,
+                registration.Category,
+                registration.MinWidthCells,
+                registration.MinHeightCells,
+                registration.AllowStatusBarPlacement,
+                registration.AllowDesktopPlacement,
+                registration.ResizeMode == PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Free
+                    ? DesktopComponentResizeMode.Free
+                    : DesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional));
+        }
+
+        return definitions;
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreatePluginControl(
+        PluginDesktopComponentContribution contribution,
+        DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext context)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var pluginContext = new PluginDesktopComponentContext(
+                contribution.Plugin.Manifest,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.PluginDirectory,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.DataDirectory,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.Services,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.Properties,
+                contribution.Registration.ComponentId,
+                context.PlacementId,
+                context.CellSize);
+
+            return contribution.Registration.ControlFactory(pluginContext);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine(
+                $"[PluginRuntime] Failed to create widget '{contribution.Registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}': {ex}");
+            return CreatePluginErrorControl(contribution, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreatePluginErrorControl(
+        PluginDesktopComponentContribution contribution,
+        Exception exception)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#332B0F16")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#66F97316")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(16),
+            Padding = new Thickness(12),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 6,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = contribution.Registration.DisplayName,
+                        FontSize = 14,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = $"Plugin {contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name} failed to create this widget.",
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = exception.Message,
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Services/PendingRestartStateService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class PendingRestartStateService
+{
+    public const string RenderModeReason = "RenderMode";
+    public const string PluginCatalogReason = "PluginCatalog";
+
+    private static readonly object Gate = new();
+    private static readonly HashSet<string> PendingReasons = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public static event Action? StateChanged;
+
+    public static bool HasPendingRestart
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                return PendingReasons.Count > 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static bool HasPendingReason(string reason)
+    {
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            return PendingReasons.Contains(reason);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void SetPending(string reason, bool pending)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(reason))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var changed = false;
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            changed = pending
+                ? PendingReasons.Add(reason)
+                : PendingReasons.Remove(reason);
+        }
+
+        if (changed)
+        {
+            StateChanged?.Invoke();
+        }
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry.cs

@@ -7,24 +7,65 @@ using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;
 
-public sealed record DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
-    string ComponentId,
-    string DisplayNameLocalizationKey,
-    Func<Control> ControlFactory,
-    Func<double, double>? CornerRadiusResolver = null);
+public sealed record DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext(
+    DesktopComponentDefinition Definition,
+    double CellSize,
+    TimeZoneService TimeZoneService,
+    IWeatherInfoService WeatherInfoService,
+    IRecommendationInfoService RecommendationInfoService,
+    ICalculatorDataService CalculatorDataService,
+    IComponentInstanceSettingsStore ComponentSettingsStore,
+    string? PlacementId = null);
+
+public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration
+{
+    public DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
+        string componentId,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey,
+        Func<Control> controlFactory,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+        : this(componentId, displayNameLocalizationKey, _ => controlFactory(), cornerRadiusResolver)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
+        string componentId,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey,
+        Func<DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext, Control> controlFactory,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(controlFactory);
+
+        ComponentId = componentId.Trim();
+        DisplayNameLocalizationKey = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(displayNameLocalizationKey)
+            ? null
+            : displayNameLocalizationKey.Trim();
+        ControlFactory = controlFactory;
+        CornerRadiusResolver = cornerRadiusResolver;
+    }
+
+    public string ComponentId { get; }
+
+    public string? DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }
+
+    public Func<DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext, Control> ControlFactory { get; }
+
+    public Func<double, double>? CornerRadiusResolver { get; }
+}
 
 public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor
 {
     private static readonly Func<double, double> DefaultCornerRadiusResolver =
         cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.22, 8, 18);
 
-    private readonly Func<Control> _controlFactory;
+    private readonly Func<DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext, Control> _controlFactory;
     private readonly Func<double, double> _cornerRadiusResolver;
 
     internal DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor(
         DesktopComponentDefinition definition,
-        string displayNameLocalizationKey,
-        Func<Control> controlFactory,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey,
+        Func<DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext, Control> controlFactory,
         Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver)
     {
         Definition = definition;
@@ -35,7 +76,7 @@ public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor
 
     public DesktopComponentDefinition Definition { get; }
 
-    public string DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }
+    public string? DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }
 
     public Control CreateControl(
         double cellSize,
@@ -46,7 +87,15 @@ public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor
         IComponentInstanceSettingsStore componentSettingsStore,
         string? placementId = null)
     {
-        var control = _controlFactory();
+        var control = _controlFactory(new DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext(
+            Definition,
+            cellSize,
+            timeZoneService,
+            weatherInfoService,
+            recommendationInfoService,
+            calculatorDataService,
+            componentSettingsStore,
+            placementId));
         var runtimeContext = new DesktopComponentRuntimeContext(
             Definition.Id,
             placementId,
@@ -133,12 +182,10 @@ public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry
                 StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
     }
 
-    public static DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry CreateDefault(ComponentRegistry componentRegistry)
+    public static IReadOnlyList<DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration> GetDefaultRegistrations()
     {
-        return new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry(
-            componentRegistry,
-            new[]
-            {
+        return
+        [
                 new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
                     BuiltInComponentIds.Date,
                     "component.date",
@@ -319,7 +366,12 @@ public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry
                     "component.holiday_calendar",
                     () => new HolidayCalendarWidget(),
                     cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.32, 12, 28))
-            });
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public static DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry CreateDefault(ComponentRegistry componentRegistry)
+    {
+        return new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry(componentRegistry, GetDefaultRegistrations());
     }
 
     public bool TryGetDescriptor(string componentId, out DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor descriptor)

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.ComponentSystem.cs

@@ -3216,7 +3216,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow
 
     private string GetLocalizedComponentDisplayName(DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor descriptor)
     {
-        return L(descriptor.DisplayNameLocalizationKey, descriptor.Definition.DisplayName);
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(descriptor.DisplayNameLocalizationKey)
+            ? descriptor.Definition.DisplayName
+            : L(descriptor.DisplayNameLocalizationKey, descriptor.Definition.DisplayName);
     }
 
     private void OnComponentLibraryComponentPreviewPointerPressed(object? sender, PointerPressedEventArgs e)

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Localization.cs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
 using Avalonia.Layout;
 using FluentIcons.Avalonia;
 using FluentIcons.Common;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
 
@@ -276,17 +278,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
             "Right-click an icon in launcher to hide it. Hidden entries appear here.");
         LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_empty", "No hidden items.");
 
-        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_desc",
-            "Manage plugin loading and backend isolation.");
-        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_hint",
-            "This page will host installed plugin management, permission review, and sandboxed backend runtime controls.");
-        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_status",
-            "Plugin management UI is not connected yet. Next step is wiring the loader, permissions, and worker isolation state into this panel.");
+        ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization();
 
         SettingsNavAboutItem.Content = L("settings.nav.about", "About");
         AboutPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.about.title", "About");
@@ -306,6 +298,17 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         AboutStartupSettingsExpander.Description = L(
             "settings.about.startup_desc",
             "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.about.render_mode_header", "Rendering Mode");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode_desc",
+            "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.");
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Default, L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Software, L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan, L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"));
+        UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus();
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
 
         if (WallpaperPlacementComboBox?.ItemCount >= 5)
         {
@@ -332,6 +335,19 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         UpdateWallpaperDisplay();
     }
 
+    private void SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(string tag, string content)
+    {
+        var item = AppRenderModeComboBox.Items
+            .OfType<ComboBoxItem>()
+            .FirstOrDefault(candidate =>
+                string.Equals(candidate.Tag?.ToString(), tag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        if (item is not null)
+        {
+            item.Content = content;
+        }
+    }
+
     private string GetLocalizedTimeZoneDisplayName(TimeZoneInfo timeZone)
     {
         var offset = timeZone.GetUtcOffset(DateTime.UtcNow);
@@ -428,3 +444,4 @@ public partial class MainWindow
                 : _weatherLocationKey);
     }
 }
+

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RenderBackend.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using System;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private void UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus()
+    {
+        var backendInfo = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect();
+        var localizedBackend = GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(backendInfo.ActualBackend);
+
+        CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_label",
+            "Current actual backend");
+        CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock.Text = Lf(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_format",
+            "Current backend: {0}",
+            localizedBackend);
+        CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName)
+            ? L(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable",
+                "Runtime implementation is unavailable.")
+            : Lf(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format",
+                "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+                backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(string renderBackend)
+    {
+        return renderBackend switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Default => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown")
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RestartPrompt.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private bool _isRestartPromptVisible;
+
+    private void OnPendingRestartStateChanged()
+    {
+        if (Dispatcher.UIThread.CheckAccess())
+        {
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(UpdatePendingRestartDock);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePendingRestartDock()
+    {
+        PendingRestartDock.IsVisible = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingRestart;
+        PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.title", "Restart required");
+        PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.button", "Restart app");
+    }
+
+    private async void OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync();
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(string selectedMode)
+    {
+        var message = Lf(
+            "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message",
+            "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(_runningAppRenderMode),
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(selectedMode));
+
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(message);
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync()
+    {
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app."));
+    }
+
+    private async Task ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(string message)
+    {
+        if (_isRestartPromptVisible)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isRestartPromptVisible = true;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var dialog = new ContentDialog
+            {
+                Title = L("settings.restart_dialog.title", "Restart required"),
+                Content = message,
+                PrimaryButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.restart", "Restart now"),
+                CloseButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.cancel", "Cancel"),
+                DefaultButton = ContentDialogButton.Primary
+            };
+
+            var result = await dialog.ShowAsync(this);
+            if (result == ContentDialogResult.Primary)
+            {
+                if (!AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication())
+                {
+                    UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _isRestartPromptVisible = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (renderMode == AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown)
+        {
+            return L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown");
+        }
+
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default")
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Settings.cs

@@ -100,24 +100,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
 
     private int GetSettingsTabIndex()
     {
-        if (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem is FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NavigationViewItem item)
-        {
-            return item.Tag?.ToString() switch
-            {
-                "Wallpaper" => 0,
-                "Grid" => 1,
-                "Color" => 2,
-                "StatusBar" => 3,
-                "Weather" => 4,
-                "Region" => 5,
-                "Update" => 6,
-                "About" => 7,
-                "Launcher" => 8,
-                "Plugins" => 9,
-                _ => 0
-            };
-        }
-        return 0;
+        return ResolveSelectedSettingsTabIndex();
     }
 
     private void UpdateSettingsTabContent()
@@ -150,6 +133,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         AboutSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "About";
         LauncherSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Launcher";
         PluginSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Plugins";
+        UpdatePluginSettingsPageVisibility(tag);
 
         if (tag == "Launcher")
         {
@@ -984,10 +968,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
             GridSizeNumberBox.Value = _targetShortSideCells;
             GridSizeSlider.Value = _targetShortSideCells;
 
-            if (SettingsNavView.MenuItems.ElementAtOrDefault(Math.Clamp(snapshot.SettingsTabIndex, 0, 9)) is FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NavigationViewItem navItem)
-            {
-                SettingsNavView.SelectedItem = navItem;
-            }
+            RestoreSettingsTabSelection(snapshot);
 
             UpdateSettingsTabContent();
             WallpaperPlacementComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetPlacementIndexFromSetting(snapshot.WallpaperPlacement);
@@ -997,6 +978,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
             InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
             _ = _componentSettingsService.Load();
             InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+            InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
             InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
             InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
             InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
@@ -1036,42 +1018,42 @@ public partial class MainWindow
 
     private AppSettingsSnapshot BuildAppSettingsSnapshot()
     {
-        return new AppSettingsSnapshot
-        {
-            GridShortSideCells = _targetShortSideCells,
-            GridSpacingPreset = _gridSpacingPreset,
-            DesktopEdgeInsetPercent = _desktopEdgeInsetPercent,
-            IsNightMode = _isNightMode,
-            ThemeColor = _selectedThemeColor.ToString(),
-            WallpaperPath = _wallpaperPath,
-            WallpaperPlacement = GetPlacementDisplayName(GetSelectedWallpaperPlacement()),
-            SettingsTabIndex = Math.Max(0, GetSettingsTabIndex()),
-            LanguageCode = _languageCode,
-            TimeZoneId = _timeZoneService.CurrentTimeZone.Id,
-            WeatherLocationMode = ToWeatherLocationModeTag(_weatherLocationMode),
-            WeatherLocationKey = _weatherLocationKey,
-            WeatherLocationName = _weatherLocationName,
-            WeatherLatitude = _weatherLatitude,
-            WeatherLongitude = _weatherLongitude,
-            WeatherAutoRefreshLocation = _weatherAutoRefreshLocation,
-            WeatherLocationQuery = BuildLegacyWeatherLocationQuery(),
-            WeatherExcludedAlerts = _weatherExcludedAlertsRaw,
-            WeatherIconPackId = _weatherIconPackId,
-            WeatherNoTlsRequests = _weatherNoTlsRequests,
-            AutoStartWithWindows = _autoStartWithWindows,
-            AutoCheckUpdates = _autoCheckUpdates,
-            IncludePrereleaseUpdates = IncludePrereleaseUpdates,
-            UpdateChannel = IncludePrereleaseUpdates ? "Preview" : "Stable",
-            TopStatusComponentIds = _topStatusComponentIds.ToList(),
-            PinnedTaskbarActions = _pinnedTaskbarActions.Select(action => action.ToString()).ToList(),
-            EnableDynamicTaskbarActions = _enableDynamicTaskbarActions,
-            TaskbarLayoutMode = _taskbarLayoutMode,
-            ClockDisplayFormat = _clockDisplayFormat == ClockDisplayFormat.HourMinute ? "HourMinute" : "HourMinuteSecond",
-            StatusBarSpacingMode = _statusBarSpacingMode,
-            StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent = _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent
-        };
+        var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        snapshot.GridShortSideCells = _targetShortSideCells;
+        snapshot.GridSpacingPreset = _gridSpacingPreset;
+        snapshot.DesktopEdgeInsetPercent = _desktopEdgeInsetPercent;
+        snapshot.IsNightMode = _isNightMode;
+        snapshot.ThemeColor = _selectedThemeColor.ToString();
+        snapshot.WallpaperPath = _wallpaperPath;
+        snapshot.WallpaperPlacement = GetPlacementDisplayName(GetSelectedWallpaperPlacement());
+        snapshot.SettingsTabIndex = Math.Max(0, GetSettingsTabIndex());
+        snapshot.SettingsTabTag = GetSelectedSettingsTabTag();
+        snapshot.LanguageCode = _languageCode;
+        snapshot.TimeZoneId = _timeZoneService.CurrentTimeZone.Id;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationMode = ToWeatherLocationModeTag(_weatherLocationMode);
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationKey = _weatherLocationKey;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationName = _weatherLocationName;
+        snapshot.WeatherLatitude = _weatherLatitude;
+        snapshot.WeatherLongitude = _weatherLongitude;
+        snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshLocation = _weatherAutoRefreshLocation;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationQuery = BuildLegacyWeatherLocationQuery();
+        snapshot.WeatherExcludedAlerts = _weatherExcludedAlertsRaw;
+        snapshot.WeatherIconPackId = _weatherIconPackId;
+        snapshot.WeatherNoTlsRequests = _weatherNoTlsRequests;
+        snapshot.AutoStartWithWindows = _autoStartWithWindows;
+        snapshot.AppRenderMode = _selectedAppRenderMode;
+        snapshot.AutoCheckUpdates = _autoCheckUpdates;
+        snapshot.IncludePrereleaseUpdates = IncludePrereleaseUpdates;
+        snapshot.UpdateChannel = IncludePrereleaseUpdates ? UpdateChannelPreview : UpdateChannelStable;
+        snapshot.TopStatusComponentIds = _topStatusComponentIds.ToList();
+        snapshot.PinnedTaskbarActions = _pinnedTaskbarActions.Select(action => action.ToString()).ToList();
+        snapshot.EnableDynamicTaskbarActions = _enableDynamicTaskbarActions;
+        snapshot.TaskbarLayoutMode = _taskbarLayoutMode;
+        snapshot.ClockDisplayFormat = _clockDisplayFormat == ClockDisplayFormat.HourMinute ? "HourMinute" : "HourMinuteSecond";
+        snapshot.StatusBarSpacingMode = _statusBarSpacingMode;
+        snapshot.StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent = _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent;
+        return snapshot;
     }
-
     private DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot BuildDesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot()
     {
         return new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot
@@ -1081,7 +1063,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow
             DesktopComponentPlacements = _desktopComponentPlacements.ToList()
         };
     }
-
     private LauncherSettingsSnapshot BuildLauncherSettingsSnapshot()
     {
         return new LauncherSettingsSnapshot
@@ -1241,6 +1222,61 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         }
     }
 
+    private void InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(snapshot.AppRenderMode);
+        _runningAppRenderMode = ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+        var renderModeForUi = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingReason(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason)
+            ? _selectedAppRenderMode
+            : _runningAppRenderMode;
+
+        if (AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = true;
+        try
+        {
+            AppRenderModeComboBox.IsEnabled = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(renderModeForUi);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SelectAppRenderModeInUi(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(renderMode);
+    }
+
+    private static int GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(string renderMode)
+    {
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => 1,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => 2,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => 3,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => 4,
+            _ => 0
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(string configuredRenderMode)
+    {
+        var detectedRenderMode = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect().ActualBackend;
+        return string.Equals(detectedRenderMode, AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? configuredRenderMode
+            : AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(detectedRenderMode);
+    }
+
     private static WeatherLocationMode ParseWeatherLocationMode(string? value)
     {
         return string.Equals(value, "Coordinates", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -1508,6 +1544,33 @@ public partial class MainWindow
         PersistSettings();
     }
 
+    private void OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged(object? sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (_suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents || AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var selectedMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(
+            TryGetSelectedComboBoxTag(AppRenderModeComboBox));
+
+        if (string.Equals(_selectedAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = selectedMode;
+        PersistSettings();
+        var requiresRestart = !string.Equals(_runningAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason, requiresRestart);
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+
+        if (requiresRestart)
+        {
+            _ = ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(selectedMode);
+        }
+    }
+
     private async void OnSearchWeatherCityClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
     {
         if (_isWeatherSearchInProgress || WeatherCitySearchTextBox is null || WeatherCityResultsComboBox is null)
@@ -2661,7 +2724,12 @@ public partial class MainWindow
     // --- AboutSettingsPage ---
     internal TextBlock AboutPanelTitleTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("AboutPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
     internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutStartupSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutStartupSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander")!;
     internal ToggleSwitch AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal ComboBox AppRenderModeComboBox => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("AppRenderModeComboBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock VersionTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("VersionTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock CodeNameTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CodeNameTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock FontInfoTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("FontInfoTextBlock")!;
@@ -2673,9 +2741,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
     internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock")!;
 
-    // --- PluginSettingsPage (Added for completeness) ---
-    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
 }
+
+
+

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml

@@ -377,88 +377,138 @@
                 <Border Classes="mica-strong"
                         CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusXl}"
                         Padding="18">
-                    <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
-                                       PaneDisplayMode="Left"
-                                       IsSettingsVisible="False"
-                                       OpenPaneLength="220"
-                                       SelectionChanged="OnSettingsNavSelectionChanged">
-                        <ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWallpaperItem" Content="壁纸" Tag="Wallpaper" ToolTip.Tip="壁纸">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Wallpaper" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavGridItem" Content="网格" Tag="Grid" ToolTip.Tip="网格">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Grid" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavColorItem" Content="颜色" Tag="Color" ToolTip.Tip="颜色">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Color" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavStatusBarItem" Content="状态栏" Tag="StatusBar" ToolTip.Tip="状态栏">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Status" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWeatherItem" Content="天气" Tag="Weather" ToolTip.Tip="天气">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="WeatherSunny" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavRegionItem" Content="地区" Tag="Region" ToolTip.Tip="地区">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Globe" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavUpdateItem" Content="更新" Tag="Update" ToolTip.Tip="更新">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="ArrowSync" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavAboutItem" Content="关于" Tag="About" ToolTip.Tip="关于">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Info" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavLauncherItem" Content="应用启动台" Tag="Launcher" ToolTip.Tip="应用启动台">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Apps" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                            <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavPluginsItem" Content="插件" Tag="Plugins" ToolTip.Tip="插件">
-                                <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                                    <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="PuzzlePiece" IconVariant="Regular" />
-                                </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
-                            </ui:NavigationViewItem>
-                        </ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
+                    <Grid RowDefinitions="*,Auto"
+                          RowSpacing="14">
+                        <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
+                                           Grid.Row="0"
+                                           PaneDisplayMode="Left"
+                                           IsSettingsVisible="False"
+                                           OpenPaneLength="220"
+                                           SelectionChanged="OnSettingsNavSelectionChanged">
+                            <ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWallpaperItem" Content="壁纸" Tag="Wallpaper" ToolTip.Tip="壁纸">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Wallpaper" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavGridItem" Content="网格" Tag="Grid" ToolTip.Tip="网格">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Grid" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavColorItem" Content="颜色" Tag="Color" ToolTip.Tip="颜色">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Color" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavStatusBarItem" Content="状态栏" Tag="StatusBar" ToolTip.Tip="状态栏">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Status" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavWeatherItem" Content="天气" Tag="Weather" ToolTip.Tip="天气">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="WeatherSunny" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavRegionItem" Content="地区" Tag="Region" ToolTip.Tip="地区">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Globe" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavUpdateItem" Content="更新" Tag="Update" ToolTip.Tip="更新">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="ArrowSync" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavAboutItem" Content="关于" Tag="About" ToolTip.Tip="关于">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Info" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavLauncherItem" Content="应用启动台" Tag="Launcher" ToolTip.Tip="应用启动台">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Apps" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                                <ui:NavigationViewItem x:Name="SettingsNavPluginsItem" Content="插件" Tag="Plugins" ToolTip.Tip="插件">
+                                    <ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                        <ic:SymbolIconSource Symbol="PuzzlePiece" IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                    </ui:NavigationViewItem.IconSource>
+                                </ui:NavigationViewItem>
+                            </ui:NavigationView.MenuItems>
 
-                        <ScrollViewer x:Name="SettingsContentScrollViewer"
-                                      Padding="0,0,16,0"
-                                      HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
-                                      VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
-                            <Grid>
-                                    <pages:WallpaperSettingsPage x:Name="WallpaperSettingsPanel" IsVisible="True" />
+                            <ScrollViewer x:Name="SettingsContentScrollViewer"
+                                          Padding="0,0,16,0"
+                                          HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
+                                          VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
+                                <Grid x:Name="SettingsContentPagesHost">
+                                        <pages:WallpaperSettingsPage x:Name="WallpaperSettingsPanel" IsVisible="True" />
 
-                                <pages:GridSettingsPage x:Name="GridSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:GridSettingsPage x:Name="GridSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
 
-                                <pages:ColorSettingsPage x:Name="ColorSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:ColorSettingsPage x:Name="ColorSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
 
-                                <pages:StatusBarSettingsPage x:Name="StatusBarSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                
-                                <pages:WeatherSettingsPage x:Name="WeatherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:RegionSettingsPage x:Name="RegionSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:StatusBarSettingsPage x:Name="StatusBarSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    
+                                    <pages:WeatherSettingsPage x:Name="WeatherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:RegionSettingsPage x:Name="RegionSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
 
-                                <pages:UpdateSettingsPage x:Name="UpdateSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:UpdateSettingsPage x:Name="UpdateSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
 
-                                <pages:LauncherSettingsPage x:Name="LauncherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:AboutSettingsPage x:Name="AboutSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
-                                <pages:PluginSettingsPage x:Name="PluginSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:LauncherSettingsPage x:Name="LauncherSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:AboutSettingsPage x:Name="AboutSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                    <pages:PluginSettingsPage x:Name="PluginSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
+                                </Grid>
+                            </ScrollViewer>
+                        </ui:NavigationView>
+
+                        <Border x:Name="PendingRestartDock"
+                                Grid.Row="1"
+                                IsVisible="False"
+                                Classes="glass-panel"
+                                CornerRadius="18"
+                                Padding="14,12">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto"
+                                  ColumnSpacing="12">
+                                <Border Width="34"
+                                        Height="34"
+                                        CornerRadius="17"
+                                        Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveAccentBrush}">
+                                    <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                   IconVariant="Regular"
+                                                   FontSize="16"
+                                                   Foreground="White"
+                                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                                </Border>
+                                <StackPanel Grid.Column="1"
+                                            Spacing="2"
+                                            VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock"
+                                               FontSize="13"
+                                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                                               Text="Restart required" />
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock"
+                                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                               Text="Your changes will apply after restarting the app." />
+                                </StackPanel>
+                                <Button x:Name="PendingRestartDockButton"
+                                        Grid.Column="2"
+                                        Padding="14,8"
+                                        Click="OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick">
+                                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8">
+                                        <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                       IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                        <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   Text="Restart app" />
+                                    </StackPanel>
+                                </Button>
                             </Grid>
-                        </ScrollViewer>
-                    </ui:NavigationView>
+                        </Border>
+                    </Grid>
                 </Border>
             </Border>
         </Grid>

LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ using Avalonia.Styling;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
 using FluentAvalonia.Styling;
 using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
-using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem.Extensions;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;
@@ -98,11 +97,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     private readonly IWeatherDataService _weatherDataService = new XiaomiWeatherService();
     private readonly IRecommendationInfoService _recommendationInfoService = new RecommendationDataService();
     private readonly ICalculatorDataService _calculatorDataService = new CalculatorDataService();
-    private readonly ComponentRegistry _componentRegistry = ComponentRegistry
-        .CreateDefault()
-        .RegisterExtensions(
-            JsonComponentExtensionProvider.LoadProvidersFromDirectory(
-                Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Extensions", "Components")));
+    private readonly ComponentRegistry _componentRegistry;
     private readonly DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry _componentRuntimeRegistry;
     private readonly FluentAvaloniaTheme? _fluentAvaloniaTheme;
     private readonly HashSet<string> _topStatusComponentIds = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
@@ -172,6 +167,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
     private bool _weatherNoTlsRequests;
     private bool _autoStartWithWindows;
     private bool _suppressAutoStartToggleEvents;
+    private bool _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents;
+    private string _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+    private string _runningAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
     private string _weatherSearchKeyword = string.Empty;
     private bool _isWeatherSearchInProgress;
     private bool _isWeatherPreviewInProgress;
@@ -182,11 +180,18 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
     public MainWindow()
     {
+        var pluginRuntimeService = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        _componentRegistry = DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.Create(pluginRuntimeService);
+
         InitializeComponent();
-        _componentRuntimeRegistry = DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry.CreateDefault(_componentRegistry);
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
+        _componentRuntimeRegistry = DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.CreateRuntimeRegistry(
+            _componentRegistry,
+            pluginRuntimeService);
         _fluentAvaloniaTheme = Application.Current?.Styles.OfType<FluentAvaloniaTheme>().FirstOrDefault();
         AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnExternalAppSettingsSaved;
         LauncherSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged += OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
         PropertyChanged += OnWindowPropertyChanged;
         InitializeDesktopSurfaceSwipeHandlers();
         InitializeDesktopComponentDragHandlers();
@@ -247,6 +252,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
 
         AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Checked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
         AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged;
     }
 
     protected override void OnOpened(EventArgs e)
@@ -300,10 +306,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         GridSizeSlider.ValueChanged += OnGridSizeSliderChanged;
         GridSizeNumberBox.ValueChanged += OnGridSizeNumberBoxChanged;
 
-        if (SettingsNavView.MenuItems.ElementAtOrDefault(Math.Clamp(snapshot.SettingsTabIndex, 0, 9)) is FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NavigationViewItem navItem)
-        {
-            SettingsNavView.SelectedItem = navItem;
-        }
+        RestoreSettingsTabSelection(snapshot);
         UpdateSettingsTabContent();
 
         WallpaperPlacementComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetPlacementIndexFromSetting(snapshot.WallpaperPlacement);
@@ -313,6 +316,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
         _ = _componentSettingsService.Load();
         InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+        InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
         InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
         InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
         InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
@@ -378,6 +382,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
         _wallpaperBitmap = null;
         AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnExternalAppSettingsSaved;
         LauncherSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged -= OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
         PropertyChanged -= OnWindowPropertyChanged;
         DesktopHost.SizeChanged -= OnDesktopHostSizeChanged;
         WallpaperPreviewHost.SizeChanged -= OnWallpaperPreviewHostSizeChanged;

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/AboutSettingsPage.axaml

@@ -34,5 +34,46 @@
                 </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
             </ui:SettingsExpander>
         </Border>
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Rendering Mode"
+                                 Description="Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software."
+                                 IsExpanded="True">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <fi:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Window" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <StackPanel Spacing="4"
+                            Margin="0,4,0,0">
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock"
+                               Text="Current actual backend"
+                               FontSize="12"
+                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" />
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock"
+                               Text="Current backend: Software"
+                               FontSize="13"
+                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" />
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock"
+                               Text="Runtime implementation is unavailable."
+                               FontSize="12"
+                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}" />
+                </StackPanel>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <ComboBox x:Name="AppRenderModeComboBox"
+                              MinWidth="180"
+                              SelectedIndex="0"
+                              HorizontalAlignment="Right">
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Default" Tag="Default" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Software" Tag="Software" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="angleEgl" Tag="AngleEgl" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="WGL" Tag="Wgl" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Vulkan" Tag="Vulkan" />
+                    </ComboBox>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
     </StackPanel>
 </UserControl>

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/PluginSettingsPage.axaml

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
-             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
-             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
-             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
-             xmlns:ui="using:FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls"
-             xmlns:fi="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent"
-             mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="1000"
-             x:Class="LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages.PluginSettingsPage">
-
-    <StackPanel x:Name="PluginSettingsPanel" Spacing="16">
-        <TextBlock x:Name="PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock"
-                   FontSize="24"
-                   FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
-                   Text="Plugins" />
-
-        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
-            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="PluginSystemSettingsExpander"
-                                 Header="Plugin Runtime"
-                                 Description="Manage plugin loading and backend isolation."
-                                 IsExpanded="True">
-                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
-                    <ui:FontIconSource Glyph="&#xe734;" FontFamily="{StaticResource SymbolThemeFontFamily}" />
-                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
-                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
-                    <StackPanel Spacing="10">
-                        <TextBlock x:Name="PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock"
-                                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
-                                   Text="This page will host installed plugin management, permission review, and sandboxed backend runtime controls." />
-                        <Border Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveSurfaceRaisedBrush}"
-                                CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusSm}"
-                                Padding="14">
-                            <TextBlock x:Name="PluginSystemStatusTextBlock"
-                                       Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
-                                       TextWrapping="Wrap"
-                                       Text="Plugin management UI is not connected yet. Next step is wiring the loader, permissions, and worker isolation state into this panel." />
-                        </Border>
-                    </StackPanel>
-                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
-            </ui:SettingsExpander>
-        </Border>
-    </StackPanel>
-</UserControl>

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/PluginSettingsPage.axaml.cs

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-using Avalonia.Controls;
-using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
-
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages;
-
-public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
-{
-    public PluginSettingsPage()
-    {
-        InitializeComponent();
-    }
-}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Controls.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Media.Imaging;
 using LibVLCSharp.Avalonia;
@@ -189,7 +189,12 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
     // --- AboutSettingsPage ---
     internal TextBlock AboutPanelTitleTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("AboutPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
     internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutStartupSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutStartupSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander")!;
     internal ToggleSwitch AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal ComboBox AppRenderModeComboBox => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("AppRenderModeComboBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock VersionTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("VersionTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock CodeNameTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CodeNameTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock FontInfoTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("FontInfoTextBlock")!;
@@ -201,9 +206,5 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
     internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock")!;
     internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock")!;
 
-    // --- PluginSettingsPage (Added for completeness) ---
-    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
-    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
-    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
 }
+

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Core.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent;
 using FluentIcons.Common;
 using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         }
 
         _launcherIconCache.Clear();
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged -= OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
         base.OnClosed(e);
     }
 
@@ -54,25 +56,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
 
     private int GetSettingsTabIndex()
     {
-        if (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem is FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NavigationViewItem item)
-        {
-            return item.Tag?.ToString() switch
-            {
-                "Wallpaper" => 0,
-                "Grid" => 1,
-                "Color" => 2,
-                "StatusBar" => 3,
-                "Weather" => 4,
-                "Region" => 5,
-                "Update" => 6,
-                "About" => 7,
-                "Launcher" => 8,
-                "Plugins" => 9,
-                _ => 0
-            };
-        }
-
-        return 0;
+        return ResolveSelectedSettingsTabIndex();
     }
 
     private void UpdateSettingsTabContent()
@@ -95,6 +79,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         AboutSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "About";
         LauncherSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Launcher";
         PluginSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Plugins";
+        UpdatePluginSettingsPageVisibility(tag);
 
         if (tag == "Launcher")
         {
@@ -122,40 +107,41 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
 
     private AppSettingsSnapshot BuildAppSettingsSnapshot()
     {
-        return new AppSettingsSnapshot
-        {
-            GridShortSideCells = _targetShortSideCells,
-            GridSpacingPreset = _gridSpacingPreset,
-            DesktopEdgeInsetPercent = _desktopEdgeInsetPercent,
-            IsNightMode = _isNightMode,
-            ThemeColor = _selectedThemeColor.ToString(),
-            WallpaperPath = _wallpaperPath,
-            WallpaperPlacement = GetPlacementDisplayName(GetSelectedWallpaperPlacement()),
-            SettingsTabIndex = Math.Max(0, GetSettingsTabIndex()),
-            LanguageCode = _languageCode,
-            TimeZoneId = _timeZoneService.CurrentTimeZone.Id,
-            WeatherLocationMode = ToWeatherLocationModeTag(_weatherLocationMode),
-            WeatherLocationKey = _weatherLocationKey,
-            WeatherLocationName = _weatherLocationName,
-            WeatherLatitude = _weatherLatitude,
-            WeatherLongitude = _weatherLongitude,
-            WeatherAutoRefreshLocation = _weatherAutoRefreshLocation,
-            WeatherLocationQuery = BuildLegacyWeatherLocationQuery(),
-            WeatherExcludedAlerts = _weatherExcludedAlertsRaw,
-            WeatherIconPackId = _weatherIconPackId,
-            WeatherNoTlsRequests = _weatherNoTlsRequests,
-            AutoStartWithWindows = _autoStartWithWindows,
-            AutoCheckUpdates = _autoCheckUpdates,
-            IncludePrereleaseUpdates = IncludePrereleaseUpdates,
-            UpdateChannel = IncludePrereleaseUpdates ? UpdateChannelPreview : UpdateChannelStable,
-            TopStatusComponentIds = _topStatusComponentIds.ToList(),
-            PinnedTaskbarActions = _pinnedTaskbarActions.Select(action => action.ToString()).ToList(),
-            EnableDynamicTaskbarActions = _enableDynamicTaskbarActions,
-            TaskbarLayoutMode = _taskbarLayoutMode,
-            ClockDisplayFormat = _clockDisplayFormat == ClockDisplayFormat.HourMinute ? "HourMinute" : "HourMinuteSecond",
-            StatusBarSpacingMode = _statusBarSpacingMode,
-            StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent = _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent
-        };
+        var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        snapshot.GridShortSideCells = _targetShortSideCells;
+        snapshot.GridSpacingPreset = _gridSpacingPreset;
+        snapshot.DesktopEdgeInsetPercent = _desktopEdgeInsetPercent;
+        snapshot.IsNightMode = _isNightMode;
+        snapshot.ThemeColor = _selectedThemeColor.ToString();
+        snapshot.WallpaperPath = _wallpaperPath;
+        snapshot.WallpaperPlacement = GetPlacementDisplayName(GetSelectedWallpaperPlacement());
+        snapshot.SettingsTabIndex = Math.Max(0, GetSettingsTabIndex());
+        snapshot.SettingsTabTag = GetSelectedSettingsTabTag();
+        snapshot.LanguageCode = _languageCode;
+        snapshot.TimeZoneId = _timeZoneService.CurrentTimeZone.Id;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationMode = ToWeatherLocationModeTag(_weatherLocationMode);
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationKey = _weatherLocationKey;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationName = _weatherLocationName;
+        snapshot.WeatherLatitude = _weatherLatitude;
+        snapshot.WeatherLongitude = _weatherLongitude;
+        snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshLocation = _weatherAutoRefreshLocation;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationQuery = BuildLegacyWeatherLocationQuery();
+        snapshot.WeatherExcludedAlerts = _weatherExcludedAlertsRaw;
+        snapshot.WeatherIconPackId = _weatherIconPackId;
+        snapshot.WeatherNoTlsRequests = _weatherNoTlsRequests;
+        snapshot.AutoStartWithWindows = _autoStartWithWindows;
+        snapshot.AppRenderMode = _selectedAppRenderMode;
+        snapshot.AutoCheckUpdates = _autoCheckUpdates;
+        snapshot.IncludePrereleaseUpdates = IncludePrereleaseUpdates;
+        snapshot.UpdateChannel = IncludePrereleaseUpdates ? UpdateChannelPreview : UpdateChannelStable;
+        snapshot.TopStatusComponentIds = _topStatusComponentIds.ToList();
+        snapshot.PinnedTaskbarActions = _pinnedTaskbarActions.Select(action => action.ToString()).ToList();
+        snapshot.EnableDynamicTaskbarActions = _enableDynamicTaskbarActions;
+        snapshot.TaskbarLayoutMode = _taskbarLayoutMode;
+        snapshot.ClockDisplayFormat = _clockDisplayFormat == ClockDisplayFormat.HourMinute ? "HourMinute" : "HourMinuteSecond";
+        snapshot.StatusBarSpacingMode = _statusBarSpacingMode;
+        snapshot.StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent = _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent;
+        return snapshot;
     }
 
     private LauncherSettingsSnapshot BuildLauncherSettingsSnapshot()
@@ -514,3 +500,4 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         return Brushes.Transparent;
     }
 }
+

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.Localization.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
 
@@ -109,11 +110,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_hint", "Right-click an icon in launcher to hide it. Hidden entries appear here.");
         LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_empty", "No hidden items.");
 
-        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.runtime_desc", "Manage plugin loading and backend isolation.");
-        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_hint", "This page will host installed plugin management, permission review, and sandboxed backend runtime controls.");
-        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_status", "Plugin management UI is not connected yet. Next step is wiring the loader, permissions, and worker isolation state into this panel.");
+        ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization();
 
         AboutPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.about.title", "About");
         VersionTextBlock.Text = Lf("settings.about.version_format", "Version: {0}", GetAppVersionText());
@@ -121,6 +118,17 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         FontInfoTextBlock.Text = Lf("settings.about.font_format", "Font: {0}", AppFontName);
         AboutStartupSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.about.startup_header", "Windows Startup");
         AboutStartupSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.about.startup_desc", "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.about.render_mode_header", "Rendering Mode");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode_desc",
+            "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.");
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Default, L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Software, L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan, L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"));
+        UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus();
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
 
         var placementItems = WallpaperPlacementComboBox.Items.OfType<ComboBoxItem>().ToList();
         if (placementItems.Count >= 5)
@@ -137,6 +145,19 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         RenderLauncherHiddenItemsList();
     }
 
+    private void SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(string tag, string content)
+    {
+        var item = AppRenderModeComboBox.Items
+            .OfType<ComboBoxItem>()
+            .FirstOrDefault(candidate =>
+                string.Equals(candidate.Tag?.ToString(), tag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        if (item is not null)
+        {
+            item.Content = content;
+        }
+    }
+
     private string GetLocalizedTimeZoneDisplayName(TimeZoneInfo timeZone)
     {
         var offset = timeZone.GetUtcOffset(DateTime.UtcNow);
@@ -183,3 +204,4 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         PersistSettings();
     }
 }
+

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.RenderBackend.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using System;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private void UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus()
+    {
+        var backendInfo = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect();
+        var localizedBackend = GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(backendInfo.ActualBackend);
+
+        CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_label",
+            "Current actual backend");
+        CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock.Text = Lf(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_format",
+            "Current backend: {0}",
+            localizedBackend);
+        CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName)
+            ? L(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable",
+                "Runtime implementation is unavailable.")
+            : Lf(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format",
+                "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+                backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(string renderBackend)
+    {
+        return renderBackend switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Default => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown")
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.RestartPrompt.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private bool _isRestartPromptVisible;
+
+    private void OnPendingRestartStateChanged()
+    {
+        if (Dispatcher.UIThread.CheckAccess())
+        {
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(UpdatePendingRestartDock);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePendingRestartDock()
+    {
+        PendingRestartDock.IsVisible = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingRestart;
+        PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.title", "Restart required");
+        PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.button", "Restart app");
+    }
+
+    private async void OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync();
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(string selectedMode)
+    {
+        var message = Lf(
+            "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message",
+            "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(_runningAppRenderMode),
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(selectedMode));
+
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(message);
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync()
+    {
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app."));
+    }
+
+    private async Task ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(string message)
+    {
+        if (_isRestartPromptVisible)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isRestartPromptVisible = true;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var dialog = new ContentDialog
+            {
+                Title = L("settings.restart_dialog.title", "Restart required"),
+                Content = message,
+                PrimaryButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.restart", "Restart now"),
+                CloseButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.cancel", "Cancel"),
+                DefaultButton = ContentDialogButton.Primary
+            };
+
+            var result = await dialog.ShowAsync(this);
+            if (result == ContentDialogResult.Primary)
+            {
+                if (!AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication())
+                {
+                    UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _isRestartPromptVisible = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (renderMode == AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown)
+        {
+            return L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown");
+        }
+
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default")
+        };
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.WeatherLauncher.cs

@@ -89,6 +89,51 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         }
     }
 
+    private void InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(snapshot.AppRenderMode);
+        _runningAppRenderMode = ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+        var renderModeForUi = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingReason(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason)
+            ? _selectedAppRenderMode
+            : _runningAppRenderMode;
+
+        _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = true;
+        try
+        {
+            AppRenderModeComboBox.IsEnabled = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(renderModeForUi);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SelectAppRenderModeInUi(string renderMode)
+    {
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(renderMode);
+    }
+
+    private static int GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(string renderMode)
+    {
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => 1,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => 2,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => 3,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => 4,
+            _ => 0
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(string configuredRenderMode)
+    {
+        var detectedRenderMode = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect().ActualBackend;
+        return string.Equals(detectedRenderMode, AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? configuredRenderMode
+            : AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(detectedRenderMode);
+    }
+
     private static WeatherLocationMode ParseWeatherLocationMode(string? value)
     {
         return string.Equals(value, "Coordinates", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -319,6 +364,33 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow
         PersistSettings();
     }
 
+    private void OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged(object? sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (_suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var selectedMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(
+            TryGetSelectedComboBoxTag(AppRenderModeComboBox));
+
+        if (string.Equals(_selectedAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = selectedMode;
+        PersistSettings();
+        var requiresRestart = !string.Equals(_runningAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason, requiresRestart);
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+
+        if (requiresRestart)
+        {
+            _ = ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(selectedMode);
+        }
+    }
+
     private async void OnSearchWeatherCityClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
     {
         if (_isWeatherSearchInProgress)

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.axaml

@@ -79,7 +79,10 @@
                             Classes="mica-strong"
                             CornerRadius="0,0,24,24"
                             Padding="18">
+                        <Grid RowDefinitions="*,Auto"
+                              RowSpacing="14">
                         <ui:NavigationView x:Name="SettingsNavView"
+                                           Grid.Row="0"
                                            PaneDisplayMode="Left"
                                            IsSettingsVisible="False"
                                            OpenPaneLength="240"
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@
                                           Padding="0,0,16,0"
                                           HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
                                           VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
-                                <Grid>
+                                <Grid x:Name="SettingsContentPagesHost">
                                     <pages:WallpaperSettingsPage x:Name="WallpaperSettingsPanel" IsVisible="True" />
                                     <pages:GridSettingsPage x:Name="GridSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
                                     <pages:ColorSettingsPage x:Name="ColorSettingsPanel" IsVisible="False" />
@@ -155,6 +158,53 @@
                                 </Grid>
                             </ScrollViewer>
                         </ui:NavigationView>
+
+                        <Border x:Name="PendingRestartDock"
+                                Grid.Row="1"
+                                IsVisible="False"
+                                Classes="glass-panel"
+                                CornerRadius="18"
+                                Padding="14,12">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto"
+                                  ColumnSpacing="12">
+                                <Border Width="34"
+                                        Height="34"
+                                        CornerRadius="17"
+                                        Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveAccentBrush}">
+                                    <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                   IconVariant="Regular"
+                                                   FontSize="16"
+                                                   Foreground="White"
+                                                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                                </Border>
+                                <StackPanel Grid.Column="1"
+                                            Spacing="2"
+                                            VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock"
+                                               FontSize="13"
+                                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                                               Text="Restart required" />
+                                    <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock"
+                                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                               Text="Your changes will apply after restarting the app." />
+                                </StackPanel>
+                                <Button x:Name="PendingRestartDockButton"
+                                        Grid.Column="2"
+                                        Padding="14,8"
+                                        Click="OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick">
+                                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="8">
+                                        <fi:FluentIcon Icon="ArrowSync"
+                                                       IconVariant="Regular" />
+                                        <TextBlock x:Name="PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock"
+                                                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                                   Text="Restart app" />
+                                    </StackPanel>
+                                </Button>
+                            </Grid>
+                        </Border>
+                        </Grid>
                     </Border>
                 </Grid>
             </Border>

LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
     private readonly WindowsStartupService _windowsStartupService = new();
     private readonly GitHubReleaseUpdateService _releaseUpdateService = new("wwiinnddyy", "LanMountainDesktop");
     private readonly IWeatherDataService _weatherDataService = new XiaomiWeatherService();
-    private readonly ComponentRegistry _componentRegistry = ComponentRegistry.CreateDefault();
+    private readonly ComponentRegistry _componentRegistry;
     private readonly WindowsStartMenuService _windowsStartMenuService = new();
     private readonly LinuxDesktopEntryService _linuxDesktopEntryService = new();
     private readonly FluentAvaloniaTheme? _fluentAvaloniaTheme;
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
     private bool _suppressGridInsetEvents;
     private bool _suppressStatusBarSpacingEvents;
     private bool _suppressAutoStartToggleEvents;
+    private bool _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents;
     private bool _isUpdatingWallpaperPreviewLayout;
     private IBrush? _defaultDesktopBackground;
     private Bitmap? _wallpaperBitmap;
@@ -140,6 +141,8 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
     private string _statusBarSpacingMode = "Relaxed";
     private int _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent = 12;
     private int _desktopEdgeInsetPercent = DefaultEdgeInsetPercent;
+    private string _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+    private string _runningAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
     private string _taskbarLayoutMode = TaskbarLayoutBottomFullRowMacStyle;
     private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
     private WeatherLocationMode _weatherLocationMode = WeatherLocationMode.CitySearch;
@@ -158,9 +161,12 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
 
     public SettingsWindow()
     {
+        _componentRegistry = DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.Create((Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService);
         InitializeComponent();
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
         _fluentAvaloniaTheme = Application.Current?.Styles.OfType<FluentAvaloniaTheme>().FirstOrDefault();
         RequestedThemeVariant = Application.Current?.RequestedThemeVariant ?? ThemeVariant.Default;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged += OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
         HookEvents();
     }
 
@@ -220,6 +226,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
         DownloadAndInstallUpdateButton.Click += OnDownloadAndInstallUpdateClick;
         AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Checked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
         AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged;
         Opened += OnWindowOpened;
     }
 
@@ -258,6 +265,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
         InitializeLocalization(snapshot.LanguageCode);
         InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
         InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+        InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
         InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
         InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
         InitializeSettingsIcons();
@@ -278,6 +286,7 @@ public partial class SettingsWindow : Window
         WindowTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.title", "Settings");
         WindowSubtitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.footer", "LanMountainDesktop Settings");
         _defaultDesktopBackground = DesktopWallpaperLayer.Background;
+        RestoreSettingsTabSelection(snapshot);
         UpdateSettingsTabContent();
         UpdateWallpaperDisplay();
         UpdateWallpaperPreviewLayout();

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/LoadedPlugin.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
+
+public sealed class LoadedPlugin : IDisposable, IAsyncDisposable
+{
+    private int _disposed;
+
+    internal LoadedPlugin(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string sourcePath,
+        string assemblyPath,
+        Assembly assembly,
+        IPlugin plugin,
+        IPluginContext context,
+        IReadOnlyList<PluginSettingsPageRegistration> settingsPages,
+        IReadOnlyList<PluginDesktopComponentRegistration> desktopComponents,
+        PluginLoadContext loadContext)
+    {
+        Manifest = manifest;
+        SourcePath = sourcePath;
+        AssemblyPath = assemblyPath;
+        Assembly = assembly;
+        Plugin = plugin;
+        Context = context;
+        SettingsPages = settingsPages;
+        DesktopComponents = desktopComponents;
+        LoadContext = loadContext;
+    }
+
+    public PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
+
+    public string SourcePath { get; }
+
+    public string AssemblyPath { get; }
+
+    public Assembly Assembly { get; }
+
+    public IPlugin Plugin { get; }
+
+    public IPluginContext Context { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<PluginSettingsPageRegistration> SettingsPages { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<PluginDesktopComponentRegistration> DesktopComponents { get; }
+
+    public PluginLoadContext LoadContext { get; }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        DisposeAsync().AsTask().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+    }
+
+    public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+    {
+        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (Plugin is IAsyncDisposable asyncDisposable)
+        {
+            await asyncDisposable.DisposeAsync();
+        }
+        else if (Plugin is IDisposable disposable)
+        {
+            disposable.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        if (Context is IAsyncDisposable asyncContext)
+        {
+            await asyncContext.DisposeAsync();
+        }
+        else if (Context is IDisposable disposableContext)
+        {
+            disposableContext.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        LoadContext.Unload();
+        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent;
+using FluentIcons.Common;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, Control> _pluginSettingsPageHosts = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    private void InitializePluginSettingsNavigation()
+    {
+        if (_pluginSettingsPageHosts.Count > 0 || SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var runtime = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        var contributions = runtime?.SettingsPages
+            .OrderBy(contribution => contribution.Registration.SortOrder)
+            .ThenBy(contribution => contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ThenBy(contribution => contribution.Registration.Title, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToArray();
+
+        if (contributions is not { Length: > 0 })
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var pageCountsByPluginId = contributions
+            .GroupBy(contribution => contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Count(), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        var insertIndex = SettingsNavView.MenuItems.IndexOf(SettingsNavPluginsItem) + 1;
+        foreach (var contribution in contributions)
+        {
+            var tag = BuildPluginSettingsTag(contribution);
+            var navigationTitle = BuildPluginSettingsNavigationTitle(contribution, pageCountsByPluginId);
+            var navItem = new NavigationViewItem
+            {
+                Content = navigationTitle,
+                Tag = tag,
+                IconSource = new FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent.SymbolIconSource
+                {
+                    Symbol = FluentIcons.Common.Symbol.PuzzlePiece,
+                    IconVariant = FluentIcons.Common.IconVariant.Regular
+                }
+            };
+
+            ToolTip.SetTip(navItem, $"{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name} - {contribution.Registration.Title}");
+
+            SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Insert(insertIndex++, navItem);
+
+            var pageHost = CreatePluginSettingsPageHost(contribution);
+            pageHost.IsVisible = false;
+            SettingsContentPagesHost.Children.Add(pageHost);
+            _pluginSettingsPageHosts[tag] = pageHost;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildPluginSettingsTag(PluginSettingsPageContribution contribution)
+    {
+        return $"PluginPage:{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}:{contribution.Registration.Id}";
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildPluginSettingsNavigationTitle(
+        PluginSettingsPageContribution contribution,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, int> pageCountsByPluginId)
+    {
+        return pageCountsByPluginId.TryGetValue(contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id, out var pageCount) && pageCount > 1
+            ? $"{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name} - {contribution.Registration.Title}"
+            : contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name;
+    }
+
+    private Control CreatePluginSettingsPageHost(PluginSettingsPageContribution contribution)
+    {
+        Control content;
+        try
+        {
+            content = contribution.Registration.ContentFactory();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            content = CreatePluginPageErrorContent(ex);
+        }
+
+        return new StackPanel
+        {
+            Spacing = 16,
+            Children =
+            {
+                new TextBlock
+                {
+                    Text = contribution.Registration.Title,
+                    FontSize = 24,
+                    FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                    Foreground = GetThemeBrush("AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush")
+                },
+                new TextBlock
+                {
+                    Text = contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name,
+                    Foreground = GetThemeBrush("AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush")
+                },
+                content
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Control CreatePluginPageErrorContent(Exception exception)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#332B0F16")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#66F97316")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(16),
+            Padding = new Thickness(16),
+            Child = new TextBlock
+            {
+                Text = exception.Message,
+                TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePluginSettingsPageVisibility(string? selectedTag)
+    {
+        foreach (var pair in _pluginSettingsPageHosts)
+        {
+            pair.Value.IsVisible = string.Equals(pair.Key, selectedTag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal void RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation()
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var pair in _pluginSettingsPageHosts.ToArray())
+        {
+            var navItem = SettingsNavView.MenuItems
+                .OfType<NavigationViewItem>()
+                .FirstOrDefault(item => string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), pair.Key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (navItem is not null)
+            {
+                SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Remove(navItem);
+            }
+
+            SettingsContentPagesHost.Children.Remove(pair.Value);
+        }
+
+        _pluginSettingsPageHosts.Clear();
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
+    }
+
+    private string? GetSelectedSettingsTabTag()
+    {
+        return (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem as NavigationViewItem)?.Tag?.ToString();
+    }
+
+    private int ResolveSelectedSettingsTabIndex()
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem is null || SettingsNavView.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Count; i++)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(SettingsNavView.MenuItems[i], SettingsNavView.SelectedItem))
+            {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private void RestoreSettingsTabSelection(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null || SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(snapshot.SettingsTabTag))
+        {
+            var taggedItem = SettingsNavView.MenuItems
+                .OfType<NavigationViewItem>()
+                .FirstOrDefault(item => string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), snapshot.SettingsTabTag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (taggedItem is not null)
+            {
+                SettingsNavView.SelectedItem = taggedItem;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        var safeIndex = Math.Clamp(snapshot.SettingsTabIndex, 0, Math.Max(0, SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Count - 1));
+        if (SettingsNavView.MenuItems[safeIndex] is NavigationViewItem navItem)
+        {
+            SettingsNavView.SelectedItem = navItem;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/MainWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private void ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization()
+    {
+        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_desc",
+            "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
+        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_hint",
+            "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
+        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.runtime_status",
+            "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.plugins.installed_desc",
+            "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
+        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.plugins.restart_hint",
+            "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
+        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginCatalogEntry.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public enum PluginCatalogSourceKind
+{
+    Package = 0,
+    Manifest = 1
+}
+
+public sealed record PluginCatalogEntry(
+    PluginManifest Manifest,
+    string SourcePath,
+    bool IsPackage,
+    bool IsEnabled,
+    bool IsLoaded,
+    string? ErrorMessage,
+    int SettingsPageCount,
+    int WidgetCount);

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginContributions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public sealed record PluginSettingsPageContribution(
+    LoadedPlugin Plugin,
+    PluginSettingsPageRegistration Registration);
+
+public sealed record PluginDesktopComponentContribution(
+    LoadedPlugin Plugin,
+    PluginDesktopComponentRegistration Registration);

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginLoadContext.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.Loader;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
+
+public sealed class PluginLoadContext : AssemblyLoadContext
+{
+    private readonly AssemblyDependencyResolver _resolver;
+    private readonly HashSet<string> _sharedAssemblyNames;
+
+    public PluginLoadContext(string mainAssemblyPath, IEnumerable<string>? sharedAssemblyNames = null)
+        : base($"{Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(mainAssemblyPath)}_{Guid.NewGuid():N}", isCollectible: true)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(mainAssemblyPath);
+
+        MainAssemblyPath = Path.GetFullPath(mainAssemblyPath);
+        _resolver = new AssemblyDependencyResolver(MainAssemblyPath);
+        _sharedAssemblyNames = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+        {
+            typeof(IPlugin).Assembly.GetName().Name!
+        };
+
+        if (sharedAssemblyNames is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var assemblyName in sharedAssemblyNames)
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(assemblyName))
+            {
+                _sharedAssemblyNames.Add(assemblyName.Trim());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public string MainAssemblyPath { get; }
+
+    protected override Assembly? Load(AssemblyName assemblyName)
+    {
+        var simpleName = assemblyName.Name;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(simpleName))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (_sharedAssemblyNames.Contains(simpleName))
+        {
+            return Default.Assemblies.FirstOrDefault(
+                    assembly => string.Equals(
+                        assembly.GetName().Name,
+                        simpleName,
+                        StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                ?? null;
+        }
+
+        var assemblyPath = _resolver.ResolveAssemblyToPath(assemblyName);
+        return assemblyPath is null ? null : LoadFromAssemblyPath(assemblyPath);
+    }
+
+    protected override nint LoadUnmanagedDll(string unmanagedDllName)
+    {
+        var libraryPath = _resolver.ResolveUnmanagedDllToPath(unmanagedDllName);
+        return libraryPath is null ? nint.Zero : LoadUnmanagedDllFromPath(libraryPath);
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginLoadResult.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using System;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
+
+public sealed record PluginLoadResult(
+    string SourcePath,
+    PluginManifest? Manifest,
+    LoadedPlugin? LoadedPlugin,
+    Exception? Error)
+{
+    public bool IsSuccess => LoadedPlugin is not null && Error is null;
+
+    public static PluginLoadResult Success(string sourcePath, PluginManifest manifest, LoadedPlugin loadedPlugin)
+    {
+        return new PluginLoadResult(sourcePath, manifest, loadedPlugin, null);
+    }
+
+    public static PluginLoadResult Failure(string sourcePath, PluginManifest? manifest, Exception error)
+    {
+        return new PluginLoadResult(sourcePath, manifest, null, error);
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginLoader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,932 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.IO;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
+
+public sealed class PluginLoader
+{
+    private readonly PluginLoaderOptions _options;
+
+    public PluginLoader(PluginLoaderOptions? options = null)
+    {
+        _options = options ?? new PluginLoaderOptions();
+    }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<PluginLoadResult> LoadAll(
+        string pluginsRootDirectory,
+        IServiceProvider? services = null,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginsRootDirectory);
+
+        if (!Directory.Exists(pluginsRootDirectory))
+        {
+            return Array.Empty<PluginLoadResult>();
+        }
+
+        var results = new List<PluginLoadResult>();
+        var candidates = DiscoverCandidates(pluginsRootDirectory, results);
+        var selectedPluginIds = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        foreach (var candidate in candidates)
+        {
+            if (!selectedPluginIds.Add(candidate.Manifest.Id))
+            {
+                results.Add(PluginLoadResult.Failure(
+                    candidate.SourcePath,
+                    candidate.Manifest,
+                    new InvalidOperationException(
+                        $"Duplicate plugin id '{candidate.Manifest.Id}' was found. Source '{candidate.SourcePath}' was ignored because a higher-priority source was already selected.")));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            results.Add(candidate.SourceKind switch
+            {
+                PluginSourceKind.Package => LoadFromPackage(
+                    candidate.SourcePath,
+                    pluginsRootDirectory,
+                    candidate.Manifest,
+                    services,
+                    properties),
+                _ => LoadFromManifest(
+                    candidate.SourcePath,
+                    candidate.Manifest,
+                    services,
+                    properties)
+            });
+        }
+
+        return results;
+    }
+
+    public PluginLoadResult LoadFromManifest(
+        string manifestPath,
+        IServiceProvider? services = null,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties = null)
+    {
+        PluginManifest? manifest = null;
+
+        try
+        {
+            manifest = PluginManifest.Load(manifestPath);
+            return LoadFromManifest(manifestPath, manifest, services, properties);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return PluginLoadResult.Failure(Path.GetFullPath(manifestPath), manifest, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public PluginLoadResult LoadFromPackage(
+        string packagePath,
+        string pluginsRootDirectory,
+        IServiceProvider? services = null,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties = null)
+    {
+        PluginManifest? manifest = null;
+
+        try
+        {
+            manifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(packagePath);
+            return LoadFromPackage(packagePath, pluginsRootDirectory, manifest, services, properties);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return PluginLoadResult.Failure(Path.GetFullPath(packagePath), manifest, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public PluginLoadResult LoadFromAssembly(
+        string assemblyPath,
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        IServiceProvider? services = null,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(assemblyPath);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(manifest);
+
+        var fullAssemblyPath = Path.GetFullPath(assemblyPath);
+        var pluginDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullAssemblyPath)
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to determine the plugin directory of '{fullAssemblyPath}'.");
+        var dataDirectory = Path.Combine(pluginDirectory, _options.DataDirectoryName);
+        return LoadCore(fullAssemblyPath, fullAssemblyPath, pluginDirectory, dataDirectory, manifest, services, properties);
+    }
+
+    private PluginLoadResult LoadCore(
+        string sourcePath,
+        string assemblyPath,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        IServiceProvider? services,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties)
+    {
+        PluginLoadContext? loadContext = null;
+        IPlugin? plugin = null;
+        PluginContext? context = null;
+
+        try
+        {
+            loadContext = new PluginLoadContext(assemblyPath, _options.SharedAssemblyNames);
+            var assembly = loadContext.LoadFromAssemblyPath(assemblyPath);
+            var pluginType = ResolvePluginType(assembly);
+            plugin = CreatePluginInstance(pluginType);
+            context = CreateContext(manifest, pluginDirectory, dataDirectory, services, properties);
+
+            plugin.Initialize(context);
+            var settingsPages = context.GetSettingsPagesSnapshot();
+            var desktopComponents = context.GetDesktopComponentsSnapshot();
+
+            var loadedPlugin = new LoadedPlugin(
+                manifest,
+                sourcePath,
+                assemblyPath,
+                assembly,
+                plugin,
+                context,
+                settingsPages,
+                desktopComponents,
+                loadContext);
+
+            return PluginLoadResult.Success(sourcePath, manifest, loadedPlugin);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            DisposeInstance(plugin);
+            DisposeInstance(context);
+            loadContext?.Unload();
+            return PluginLoadResult.Failure(sourcePath, manifest, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private PluginLoadResult LoadFromManifest(
+        string manifestPath,
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        IServiceProvider? services,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var fullManifestPath = Path.GetFullPath(manifestPath);
+            var assemblyPath = manifest.ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(fullManifestPath);
+            if (!File.Exists(assemblyPath))
+            {
+                throw new FileNotFoundException(
+                    $"Plugin '{manifest.Id}' entrance assembly '{assemblyPath}' was not found.",
+                    assemblyPath);
+            }
+
+            var pluginDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(assemblyPath)
+                ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to determine the plugin directory of '{assemblyPath}'.");
+            var dataDirectory = Path.Combine(pluginDirectory, _options.DataDirectoryName);
+            return LoadCore(fullManifestPath, assemblyPath, pluginDirectory, dataDirectory, manifest, services, properties);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return PluginLoadResult.Failure(Path.GetFullPath(manifestPath), manifest, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private PluginLoadResult LoadFromPackage(
+        string packagePath,
+        string pluginsRootDirectory,
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        IServiceProvider? services,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var fullPackagePath = Path.GetFullPath(packagePath);
+            var extractionDirectory = ExtractPackage(fullPackagePath, pluginsRootDirectory);
+            var extractedManifestPath = Path.Combine(extractionDirectory, _options.ManifestFileName);
+
+            if (!File.Exists(extractedManifestPath))
+            {
+                throw new FileNotFoundException(
+                    $"Plugin package '{fullPackagePath}' does not contain '{_options.ManifestFileName}'.",
+                    extractedManifestPath);
+            }
+
+            var extractedManifest = PluginManifest.Load(extractedManifestPath);
+            if (!string.Equals(extractedManifest.Id, manifest.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Plugin package '{fullPackagePath}' manifest id changed after extraction. Expected '{manifest.Id}', actual '{extractedManifest.Id}'.");
+            }
+
+            var assemblyPath = extractedManifest.ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(extractedManifestPath);
+            if (!File.Exists(assemblyPath))
+            {
+                throw new FileNotFoundException(
+                    $"Plugin '{extractedManifest.Id}' entrance assembly '{assemblyPath}' was not found after package extraction.",
+                    assemblyPath);
+            }
+
+            var dataDirectory = GetPackagedDataDirectory(pluginsRootDirectory, extractedManifest);
+            return LoadCore(fullPackagePath, assemblyPath, extractionDirectory, dataDirectory, extractedManifest, services, properties);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            return PluginLoadResult.Failure(Path.GetFullPath(packagePath), manifest, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private PluginContext CreateContext(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        IServiceProvider? services,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties)
+    {
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dataDirectory);
+
+        return new PluginContext(
+            manifest,
+            pluginDirectory,
+            dataDirectory,
+            services ?? NullServiceProvider.Instance,
+            CreateReadOnlyProperties(properties));
+    }
+
+    private IReadOnlyList<PluginCandidate> DiscoverCandidates(
+        string pluginsRootDirectory,
+        List<PluginLoadResult> preparationFailures)
+    {
+        var candidates = new List<PluginCandidate>();
+
+        foreach (var packagePath in EnumerateCandidatePaths(
+                     pluginsRootDirectory,
+                     "*" + NormalizePackageExtension(_options.PackageFileExtension)))
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var manifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(packagePath);
+                candidates.Add(new PluginCandidate(Path.GetFullPath(packagePath), manifest, PluginSourceKind.Package));
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                preparationFailures.Add(PluginLoadResult.Failure(Path.GetFullPath(packagePath), null, ex));
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach (var manifestPath in EnumerateCandidatePaths(pluginsRootDirectory, _options.ManifestFileName))
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var manifest = PluginManifest.Load(manifestPath);
+                candidates.Add(new PluginCandidate(Path.GetFullPath(manifestPath), manifest, PluginSourceKind.Manifest));
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                preparationFailures.Add(PluginLoadResult.Failure(Path.GetFullPath(manifestPath), null, ex));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return candidates
+            .OrderBy(candidate => candidate.SourceKind)
+            .ThenBy(candidate => candidate.SourcePath, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToArray();
+    }
+
+    private IEnumerable<string> EnumerateCandidatePaths(string pluginsRootDirectory, string searchPattern)
+    {
+        var runtimeRootDirectory = EnsureTrailingSeparator(GetRuntimeRootDirectory(pluginsRootDirectory));
+
+        return Directory
+            .EnumerateFiles(pluginsRootDirectory, searchPattern, SearchOption.AllDirectories)
+            .Select(Path.GetFullPath)
+            .Where(path => !path.StartsWith(runtimeRootDirectory, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private PluginManifest ReadManifestFromPackage(string packagePath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(packagePath);
+
+        var fullPackagePath = Path.GetFullPath(packagePath);
+        if (!File.Exists(fullPackagePath))
+        {
+            throw new FileNotFoundException($"Plugin package '{fullPackagePath}' was not found.", fullPackagePath);
+        }
+
+        using var archive = ZipFile.OpenRead(fullPackagePath);
+        var manifestEntries = archive.Entries
+            .Where(entry =>
+                !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entry.Name) &&
+                string.Equals(entry.Name, _options.ManifestFileName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            .ToArray();
+
+        if (manifestEntries.Length == 0)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin package '{fullPackagePath}' does not contain '{_options.ManifestFileName}'.");
+        }
+
+        if (manifestEntries.Length > 1)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin package '{fullPackagePath}' contains multiple '{_options.ManifestFileName}' files.");
+        }
+
+        using var stream = manifestEntries[0].Open();
+        return PluginManifest.Load(stream, $"{fullPackagePath}!/{manifestEntries[0].FullName}");
+    }
+
+    private string ExtractPackage(string packagePath, string pluginsRootDirectory)
+    {
+        var extractionDirectory = GetPackageExtractionDirectory(pluginsRootDirectory, packagePath);
+        RecreateDirectory(extractionDirectory);
+        ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(packagePath, extractionDirectory, overwriteFiles: true);
+        return extractionDirectory;
+    }
+
+    private string GetPackageExtractionDirectory(string pluginsRootDirectory, string packagePath)
+    {
+        var packageName = SanitizeDirectoryName(Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(packagePath));
+        var packageHash = Convert.ToHexString(
+            SHA256.HashData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Path.GetFullPath(packagePath))))
+            .Substring(0, 12);
+
+        return Path.Combine(
+            GetRuntimeRootDirectory(pluginsRootDirectory),
+            _options.ExtractedPackagesDirectoryName,
+            $"{packageName}_{packageHash}");
+    }
+
+    private string GetPackagedDataDirectory(string pluginsRootDirectory, PluginManifest manifest)
+    {
+        return Path.Combine(
+            GetRuntimeRootDirectory(pluginsRootDirectory),
+            _options.PackagedDataDirectoryName,
+            SanitizeDirectoryName(manifest.Id));
+    }
+
+    private string GetRuntimeRootDirectory(string pluginsRootDirectory)
+    {
+        return Path.Combine(Path.GetFullPath(pluginsRootDirectory), _options.RuntimeDirectoryName);
+    }
+
+    private static void RecreateDirectory(string directoryPath)
+    {
+        if (Directory.Exists(directoryPath))
+        {
+            Directory.Delete(directoryPath, recursive: true);
+        }
+
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(directoryPath);
+    }
+
+    private static string NormalizePackageExtension(string extension)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(extension);
+        return extension.StartsWith(".", StringComparison.Ordinal) ? extension : "." + extension;
+    }
+
+    private static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
+    {
+        var fullPath = Path.GetFullPath(path);
+        return fullPath.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? fullPath
+            : fullPath + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+    }
+
+    private static string SanitizeDirectoryName(string value)
+    {
+        var invalidCharacters = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+        var builder = new StringBuilder(value.Length);
+
+        foreach (var ch in value)
+        {
+            builder.Append(invalidCharacters.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch);
+        }
+
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(builder.ToString()) ? "_plugin" : builder.ToString().Trim();
+    }
+
+    private static ReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> CreateReadOnlyProperties(
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>? properties)
+    {
+        if (properties is null || properties.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return new ReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>(
+                new Dictionary<string, object?>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        }
+
+        var map = new Dictionary<string, object?>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        foreach (var pair in properties)
+        {
+            map[pair.Key] = pair.Value;
+        }
+
+        return new ReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?>(map);
+    }
+
+    private static Type ResolvePluginType(Assembly assembly)
+    {
+        var candidateTypes = GetLoadableTypes(assembly)
+            .Where(type =>
+                typeof(IPlugin).IsAssignableFrom(type) &&
+                !type.IsAbstract &&
+                !type.IsInterface &&
+                !type.ContainsGenericParameters)
+            .ToArray();
+
+        if (candidateTypes.Length == 0)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Assembly '{assembly.Location}' does not contain a concrete type implementing '{nameof(IPlugin)}'.");
+        }
+
+        var attributedTypes = candidateTypes
+            .Where(type => type.IsDefined(typeof(PluginEntranceAttribute), inherit: false))
+            .ToArray();
+
+        if (attributedTypes.Length == 1)
+        {
+            return attributedTypes[0];
+        }
+
+        if (attributedTypes.Length > 1)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Assembly '{assembly.Location}' contains multiple plugin entrance types. Mark only one type with '{nameof(PluginEntranceAttribute)}'.");
+        }
+
+        if (candidateTypes.Length == 1)
+        {
+            return candidateTypes[0];
+        }
+
+        throw new InvalidOperationException(
+            $"Assembly '{assembly.Location}' contains multiple '{nameof(IPlugin)}' implementations. Mark the intended entrance type with '{nameof(PluginEntranceAttribute)}'.");
+    }
+
+    private static IPlugin CreatePluginInstance(Type pluginType)
+    {
+        if (pluginType.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes) is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin type '{pluginType.FullName}' must expose a public parameterless constructor.");
+        }
+
+        if (Activator.CreateInstance(pluginType) is not IPlugin plugin)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Failed to create plugin instance of type '{pluginType.FullName}'.");
+        }
+
+        return plugin;
+    }
+
+    private static void DisposeInstance(object? instance)
+    {
+        if (instance is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (instance is IAsyncDisposable asyncDisposable)
+            {
+                asyncDisposable.DisposeAsync().AsTask().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (instance is IDisposable disposable)
+            {
+                disposable.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception disposeError)
+        {
+            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(
+                $"[PluginLoader] Disposal of '{instance.GetType().FullName}' failed: {disposeError}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Type[] GetLoadableTypes(Assembly assembly)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return assembly.GetTypes();
+        }
+        catch (ReflectionTypeLoadException ex)
+        {
+            var loaderMessages = ex.LoaderExceptions
+                .Where(exception => exception is not null)
+                .Select(exception => exception!.Message)
+                .ToArray();
+
+            var detail = loaderMessages.Length == 0
+                ? "No additional loader diagnostics were provided."
+                : string.Join(Environment.NewLine, loaderMessages);
+
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Failed to inspect plugin assembly '{assembly.Location}'.{Environment.NewLine}{detail}",
+                ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PluginContext : IPluginContext, IDisposable, IAsyncDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, PluginSettingsPageRegistration> _settingsPages =
+            new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, PluginDesktopComponentRegistration> _desktopComponents =
+            new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        private readonly Dictionary<Type, object> _registeredServices = [];
+        private readonly List<object> _serviceRegistrationOrder = [];
+        private readonly object _serviceGate = new();
+        private readonly IServiceProvider _hostServices;
+        private int _disposed;
+
+        public PluginContext(
+            PluginManifest manifest,
+            string pluginDirectory,
+            string dataDirectory,
+            IServiceProvider services,
+            IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties)
+        {
+            Manifest = manifest;
+            PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+            DataDirectory = dataDirectory;
+            _hostServices = services;
+            Services = new PluginCompositeServiceProvider(this);
+            Properties = properties;
+
+            RegisterBuiltInService<IPluginContext>(this);
+            RegisterBuiltInService<IPluginMessageBus>(new PluginMessageBus());
+        }
+
+        public PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
+
+        public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+        public string DataDirectory { get; }
+
+        public IServiceProvider Services { get; }
+
+        public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> Properties { get; }
+
+        public T? GetService<T>()
+        {
+            return (T?)Services.GetService(typeof(T));
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetProperty<T>(string key, out T? value)
+        {
+            ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+            if (Properties.TryGetValue(key, out var rawValue) && rawValue is T typedValue)
+            {
+                value = typedValue;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            value = default;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public void RegisterService<TService>(TService service)
+            where TService : class
+        {
+            RegisterServiceCore(typeof(TService), service, allowOverride: false);
+        }
+
+        public void RegisterSettingsPage(PluginSettingsPageRegistration registration)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(registration);
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+            if (!_settingsPages.TryAdd(registration.Id, registration))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Plugin '{Manifest.Id}' already registered a settings page with id '{registration.Id}'.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void RegisterDesktopComponent(PluginDesktopComponentRegistration registration)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(registration);
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+            if (!_desktopComponents.TryAdd(registration.ComponentId, registration))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Plugin '{Manifest.Id}' already registered a desktop component with id '{registration.ComponentId}'.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyList<PluginSettingsPageRegistration> GetSettingsPagesSnapshot()
+        {
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
+            return _settingsPages.Values
+                .OrderBy(page => page.SortOrder)
+                .ThenBy(page => page.Title, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyList<PluginDesktopComponentRegistration> GetDesktopComponentsSnapshot()
+        {
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
+            return _desktopComponents.Values
+                .OrderBy(component => component.Category, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .ThenBy(component => component.DisplayName, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .ToArray();
+        }
+
+        internal object? ResolveService(Type serviceType)
+        {
+            if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (serviceType == typeof(IServiceProvider))
+            {
+                return Services;
+            }
+
+            lock (_serviceGate)
+            {
+                if (_registeredServices.TryGetValue(serviceType, out var service))
+                {
+                    return service;
+                }
+
+                foreach (var registeredService in _registeredServices.Values)
+                {
+                    if (serviceType.IsInstanceOfType(registeredService))
+                    {
+                        return registeredService;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return _hostServices.GetService(serviceType);
+        }
+
+        private void RegisterBuiltInService<TService>(TService service)
+            where TService : class
+        {
+            RegisterServiceCore(typeof(TService), service, allowOverride: true);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            DisposeAsync().AsTask().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+        public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+        {
+            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            object[] services;
+            lock (_serviceGate)
+            {
+                services = _serviceRegistrationOrder.ToArray();
+                _registeredServices.Clear();
+                _serviceRegistrationOrder.Clear();
+            }
+
+            _settingsPages.Clear();
+            _desktopComponents.Clear();
+
+            var disposedServices = new HashSet<object>(ReferenceEqualityComparer.Instance);
+            for (var i = services.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            {
+                var service = services[i];
+                if (ReferenceEquals(service, this) || !disposedServices.Add(service))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (service is IAsyncDisposable asyncDisposable)
+                {
+                    await asyncDisposable.DisposeAsync();
+                }
+                else if (service is IDisposable disposable)
+                {
+                    disposable.Dispose();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void RegisterServiceCore(Type serviceType, object service, bool allowOverride)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(serviceType);
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(service);
+            ThrowIfDisposed();
+
+            if (!serviceType.IsInstanceOfType(service))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Service instance '{service.GetType().FullName}' is not assignable to '{serviceType.FullName}'.");
+            }
+
+            lock (_serviceGate)
+            {
+                if (!allowOverride && _registeredServices.ContainsKey(serviceType))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        $"Plugin '{Manifest.Id}' already registered a service for '{serviceType.FullName}'.");
+                }
+
+                _registeredServices[serviceType] = service;
+                _serviceRegistrationOrder.Add(service);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ThrowIfDisposed()
+        {
+            if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(PluginContext));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PluginCompositeServiceProvider : IServiceProvider
+    {
+        private readonly PluginContext _context;
+
+        public PluginCompositeServiceProvider(PluginContext context)
+        {
+            _context = context;
+        }
+
+        public object? GetService(Type serviceType)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(serviceType);
+            return _context.ResolveService(serviceType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class PluginMessageBus : IPluginMessageBus, IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly Dictionary<Type, List<Subscription>> _subscriptions = [];
+        private readonly object _gate = new();
+        private int _disposed;
+
+        public IDisposable Subscribe<TMessage>(Action<TMessage> handler)
+        {
+            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(handler);
+            if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(PluginMessageBus));
+            }
+
+            var subscription = new Subscription(this, typeof(TMessage), message => handler((TMessage)message!));
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (!_subscriptions.TryGetValue(subscription.MessageType, out var handlers))
+                {
+                    handlers = [];
+                    _subscriptions[subscription.MessageType] = handlers;
+                }
+
+                handlers.Add(subscription);
+            }
+
+            return subscription;
+        }
+
+        public void Publish<TMessage>(TMessage message)
+        {
+            if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Subscription[] handlers;
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (!_subscriptions.TryGetValue(typeof(TMessage), out var subscriptions) || subscriptions.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                handlers = subscriptions.ToArray();
+            }
+
+            foreach (var handler in handlers)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    handler.Invoke(message);
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(
+                        $"[PluginMessageBus] Handler for '{typeof(TMessage).FullName}' failed: {ex}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                _subscriptions.Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Unsubscribe(Subscription subscription)
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                if (!_subscriptions.TryGetValue(subscription.MessageType, out var handlers))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                handlers.Remove(subscription);
+                if (handlers.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    _subscriptions.Remove(subscription.MessageType);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private sealed class Subscription : IDisposable
+        {
+            private readonly PluginMessageBus _owner;
+            private int _disposed;
+
+            public Subscription(PluginMessageBus owner, Type messageType, Action<object?> handler)
+            {
+                _owner = owner;
+                MessageType = messageType;
+                Handler = handler;
+            }
+
+            public Type MessageType { get; }
+
+            public Action<object?> Handler { get; }
+
+            public void Invoke(object? message)
+            {
+                if (_disposed != 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                Handler(message);
+            }
+
+            public void Dispose()
+            {
+                if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                _owner.Unsubscribe(this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class NullServiceProvider : IServiceProvider
+    {
+        public static NullServiceProvider Instance { get; } = new();
+
+        private NullServiceProvider()
+        {
+        }
+
+        public object? GetService(Type serviceType)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private enum PluginSourceKind
+    {
+        Package = 0,
+        Manifest = 1
+    }
+
+    private sealed record PluginCandidate(
+        string SourcePath,
+        PluginManifest Manifest,
+        PluginSourceKind SourceKind);
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginLoaderOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
+
+public sealed class PluginLoaderOptions
+{
+    public string ManifestFileName { get; init; } = PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName;
+
+    public string PackageFileExtension { get; init; } = PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+
+    public string DataDirectoryName { get; init; } = PluginSdkInfo.DataDirectoryName;
+
+    public string RuntimeDirectoryName { get; init; } = PluginSdkInfo.RuntimeDirectoryName;
+
+    public string ExtractedPackagesDirectoryName { get; init; } = PluginSdkInfo.ExtractedPackagesDirectoryName;
+
+    public string PackagedDataDirectoryName { get; init; } = PluginSdkInfo.PackagedDataDirectoryName;
+
+    public ISet<string> SharedAssemblyNames { get; } = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+    {
+        typeof(IPlugin).Assembly.GetName().Name!
+    };
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginRuntimeService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Plugins;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public sealed class PluginRuntimeService : IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly PluginLoader _loader;
+    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
+    private readonly List<LoadedPlugin> _loadedPlugins = [];
+    private readonly List<PluginLoadResult> _loadResults = [];
+    private readonly List<PluginCatalogEntry> _catalog = [];
+    private readonly List<PluginSettingsPageContribution> _settingsPages = [];
+    private readonly List<PluginDesktopComponentContribution> _desktopComponents = [];
+
+    public PluginRuntimeService()
+    {
+        PluginsDirectory = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Extensions", "Plugins");
+        _loader = new PluginLoader(CreateOptions());
+    }
+
+    public string PluginsDirectory { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<LoadedPlugin> LoadedPlugins => _loadedPlugins;
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<PluginLoadResult> LoadResults => _loadResults;
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<PluginCatalogEntry> Catalog => _catalog;
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<PluginSettingsPageContribution> SettingsPages => _settingsPages;
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<PluginDesktopComponentContribution> DesktopComponents => _desktopComponents;
+
+    public void LoadInstalledPlugins()
+    {
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(PluginsDirectory);
+        UnloadInstalledPlugins();
+
+        var disabledPluginIds = GetDisabledPluginIds();
+        var settingsSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        var hostLanguageCode = PluginLocalizer.NormalizeLanguageCode(settingsSnapshot.LanguageCode);
+        var hostProperties = new Dictionary<string, object?>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+        {
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostApplicationName] = "LanMountainDesktop",
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostVersion] = typeof(App).Assembly.GetName().Version?.ToString(),
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.PluginSdkApiVersion] = PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion,
+            [PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostLanguageCode] = hostLanguageCode
+        };
+
+        var discoveryFailures = new List<PluginLoadResult>();
+        var candidates = DiscoverCandidates(discoveryFailures);
+        _loadResults.AddRange(discoveryFailures);
+
+        var selectedPluginIds = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        foreach (var candidate in candidates)
+        {
+            if (!selectedPluginIds.Add(candidate.Manifest.Id))
+            {
+                var duplicateFailure = PluginLoadResult.Failure(
+                    candidate.SourcePath,
+                    candidate.Manifest,
+                    new InvalidOperationException(
+                        $"Duplicate plugin id '{candidate.Manifest.Id}' was found. Source '{candidate.SourcePath}' was ignored because a higher-priority source was already selected."));
+                _loadResults.Add(duplicateFailure);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var isEnabled = !disabledPluginIds.Contains(candidate.Manifest.Id);
+            if (!isEnabled)
+            {
+                _catalog.Add(new PluginCatalogEntry(
+                    candidate.Manifest,
+                    candidate.SourcePath,
+                    candidate.SourceKind == PluginCatalogSourceKind.Package,
+                    false,
+                    false,
+                    null,
+                    0,
+                    0));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var loadResult = candidate.SourceKind switch
+            {
+                PluginCatalogSourceKind.Package => _loader.LoadFromPackage(
+                    candidate.SourcePath,
+                    PluginsDirectory,
+                    services: null,
+                    hostProperties),
+                _ => _loader.LoadFromManifest(
+                    candidate.SourcePath,
+                    services: null,
+                    hostProperties)
+            };
+
+            _loadResults.Add(loadResult);
+
+            if (loadResult.IsSuccess && loadResult.LoadedPlugin is not null)
+            {
+                _loadedPlugins.Add(loadResult.LoadedPlugin);
+                CollectContributions(loadResult.LoadedPlugin);
+                _catalog.Add(new PluginCatalogEntry(
+                    loadResult.LoadedPlugin.Manifest,
+                    loadResult.SourcePath,
+                    candidate.SourceKind == PluginCatalogSourceKind.Package,
+                    true,
+                    true,
+                    null,
+                    loadResult.LoadedPlugin.SettingsPages.Count,
+                    loadResult.LoadedPlugin.DesktopComponents.Count));
+                Debug.WriteLine($"[PluginRuntime] Loaded '{loadResult.Manifest?.Id}' from '{loadResult.SourcePath}'.");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            _catalog.Add(new PluginCatalogEntry(
+                candidate.Manifest,
+                candidate.SourcePath,
+                candidate.SourceKind == PluginCatalogSourceKind.Package,
+                true,
+                false,
+                loadResult.Error?.Message,
+                0,
+                0));
+            Debug.WriteLine($"[PluginRuntime] Failed to load plugin from '{loadResult.SourcePath}': {loadResult.Error}");
+        }
+
+        if (_catalog.Count == 0 && discoveryFailures.Count == 0)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine($"[PluginRuntime] No .laapp packages or loose plugin manifests found under '{PluginsDirectory}'.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool SetPluginEnabled(string pluginId, bool isEnabled)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginId))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        var disabledPluginIds = snapshot.DisabledPluginIds is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new HashSet<string>(snapshot.DisabledPluginIds, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            : new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        var changed = isEnabled
+            ? disabledPluginIds.Remove(pluginId)
+            : disabledPluginIds.Add(pluginId);
+
+        if (!changed)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        snapshot.DisabledPluginIds = disabledPluginIds
+            .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToList();
+        _appSettingsService.Save(snapshot);
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < _catalog.Count; i++)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(_catalog[i].Manifest.Id, pluginId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                _catalog[i] = _catalog[i] with { IsEnabled = isEnabled };
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public PluginManifest InstallPluginPackage(string packagePath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(packagePath);
+
+        var fullPackagePath = Path.GetFullPath(packagePath);
+        if (!File.Exists(fullPackagePath))
+        {
+            throw new FileNotFoundException($"Plugin package '{fullPackagePath}' was not found.", fullPackagePath);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(fullPackagePath), PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin package must use the '{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}' extension.");
+        }
+
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(PluginsDirectory);
+
+        var manifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(fullPackagePath);
+        RemoveExistingPluginPackages(manifest.Id, fullPackagePath);
+
+        var destinationPath = Path.Combine(PluginsDirectory, BuildInstalledPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+        if (!string.Equals(fullPackagePath, Path.GetFullPath(destinationPath), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            File.Copy(fullPackagePath, destinationPath, overwrite: true);
+        }
+
+        return manifest;
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        UnloadInstalledPlugins();
+    }
+
+    private void UnloadInstalledPlugins()
+    {
+        for (var i = _loadedPlugins.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+        {
+            _loadedPlugins[i].Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _loadedPlugins.Clear();
+        _loadResults.Clear();
+        _catalog.Clear();
+        _settingsPages.Clear();
+        _desktopComponents.Clear();
+    }
+
+    private HashSet<string> GetDisabledPluginIds()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        return snapshot.DisabledPluginIds is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new HashSet<string>(snapshot.DisabledPluginIds, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            : new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private IReadOnlyList<PluginCandidate> DiscoverCandidates(List<PluginLoadResult> failures)
+    {
+        var candidates = new List<PluginCandidate>();
+
+        foreach (var packagePath in EnumerateCandidatePaths($"*{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}"))
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var manifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(packagePath);
+                candidates.Add(new PluginCandidate(packagePath, manifest, PluginCatalogSourceKind.Package));
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                failures.Add(PluginLoadResult.Failure(packagePath, null, ex));
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach (var manifestPath in EnumerateCandidatePaths("plugin.json"))
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var manifest = PluginManifest.Load(manifestPath);
+                candidates.Add(new PluginCandidate(manifestPath, manifest, PluginCatalogSourceKind.Manifest));
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                failures.Add(PluginLoadResult.Failure(manifestPath, null, ex));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return candidates
+            .OrderBy(candidate => candidate.SourceKind)
+            .ThenBy(candidate => candidate.SourcePath, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToArray();
+    }
+
+    private IEnumerable<string> EnumerateCandidatePaths(string searchPattern)
+    {
+        var runtimeRootDirectory = EnsureTrailingSeparator(Path.Combine(Path.GetFullPath(PluginsDirectory), ".runtime"));
+
+        return Directory
+            .EnumerateFiles(PluginsDirectory, searchPattern, SearchOption.AllDirectories)
+            .Select(Path.GetFullPath)
+            .Where(path => !path.StartsWith(runtimeRootDirectory, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static PluginManifest ReadManifestFromPackage(string packagePath)
+    {
+        using var archive = ZipFile.OpenRead(packagePath);
+        var entries = archive.Entries
+            .Where(entry => string.Equals(entry.Name, "plugin.json", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            .ToArray();
+
+        if (entries.Length == 0)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Plugin package '{packagePath}' does not contain 'plugin.json'.");
+        }
+
+        if (entries.Length > 1)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Plugin package '{packagePath}' contains multiple 'plugin.json' files.");
+        }
+
+        using var stream = entries[0].Open();
+        return PluginManifest.Load(stream, $"{packagePath}!/{entries[0].FullName}");
+    }
+
+    private void RemoveExistingPluginPackages(string pluginId, string packagePathToKeep)
+    {
+        foreach (var existingPackagePath in EnumerateCandidatePaths($"*{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}"))
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(
+                    Path.GetFullPath(existingPackagePath),
+                    Path.GetFullPath(packagePathToKeep),
+                    StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                var existingManifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(existingPackagePath);
+                if (!string.Equals(existingManifest.Id, pluginId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                File.Delete(existingPackagePath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore unrelated or invalid packages during replacement.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildInstalledPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+    {
+        var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+        var fileName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+        return fileName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+    }
+
+    private static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
+    {
+        return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? path
+            : path + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+    }
+
+    private static PluginLoaderOptions CreateOptions()
+    {
+        var options = new PluginLoaderOptions();
+        AddSharedAssembly(options, typeof(App).Assembly);
+
+        foreach (var assembly in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies())
+        {
+            var assemblyName = assembly.GetName().Name;
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(assemblyName))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (assemblyName.StartsWith("Avalonia", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                string.Equals(assemblyName, "MicroCom.Runtime", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                AddSharedAssembly(options, assembly);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return options;
+    }
+
+    private static void AddSharedAssembly(PluginLoaderOptions options, Assembly assembly)
+    {
+        var assemblyName = assembly.GetName().Name;
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(assemblyName))
+        {
+            options.SharedAssemblyNames.Add(assemblyName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void CollectContributions(LoadedPlugin loadedPlugin)
+    {
+        foreach (var settingsPage in loadedPlugin.SettingsPages)
+        {
+            _settingsPages.Add(new PluginSettingsPageContribution(loadedPlugin, settingsPage));
+        }
+
+        foreach (var desktopComponent in loadedPlugin.DesktopComponents)
+        {
+            _desktopComponents.Add(new PluginDesktopComponentContribution(loadedPlugin, desktopComponent));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed record PluginCandidate(
+        string SourcePath,
+        PluginManifest Manifest,
+        PluginCatalogSourceKind SourceKind);
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginSettingsPage.Host.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Platform.Storage;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages;
+
+public partial class PluginSettingsPage : UserControl
+{
+    private static readonly IBrush SuccessBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF0F766E"));
+    private static readonly IBrush ErrorBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFC42B1C"));
+
+    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
+    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
+    private string? _packageImportStatusMessage;
+    private bool _packageImportStatusIsError;
+
+    public PluginSettingsPage()
+    {
+        InitializeComponent();
+        AttachedToVisualTree += (_, _) => RefreshFromRuntime();
+    }
+
+    public void RefreshFromRuntime()
+    {
+        var runtime = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        UpdateInstallerUi(runtime);
+        if (runtime is null)
+        {
+            PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable", "Plugin runtime is not available.");
+            PluginRuntimeSummaryPanel.Children.Clear();
+            PluginCatalogItemsHost.Children.Clear();
+            PluginRestartHintTextBlock.IsVisible = false;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        BuildRuntimeSummary(runtime);
+        BuildPluginCatalog(runtime);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateInstallerUi(PluginRuntimeService? runtime)
+    {
+        InstallPluginPackageButton.Content = L("settings.plugins.install_button", "Open .laapp package");
+        InstallPluginPackageButton.IsEnabled = runtime is not null;
+        PluginPackageImportHintTextBlock.Text = runtime is null
+            ? L(
+                "settings.plugins.install_unavailable",
+                "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now.")
+            : F(
+                "settings.plugins.install_hint_format",
+                "Open a .laapp package to install it into: {0}",
+                runtime.PluginsDirectory);
+
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.IsVisible = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_packageImportStatusMessage);
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.Text = _packageImportStatusMessage ?? string.Empty;
+        PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock.Foreground = _packageImportStatusIsError ? ErrorBrush : SuccessBrush;
+    }
+
+    private void BuildRuntimeSummary(PluginRuntimeService runtime)
+    {
+        var failures = runtime.LoadResults.Where(result => !result.IsSuccess).ToArray();
+        var enabledCount = runtime.Catalog.Count(entry => entry.IsEnabled);
+        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = F(
+            "settings.plugins.summary_format",
+            "Detected {0} plugin(s); enabled {1}; loaded {2}; settings pages {3}; widgets {4}; failures {5}.",
+            runtime.Catalog.Count,
+            enabledCount,
+            runtime.LoadedPlugins.Count,
+            runtime.SettingsPages.Count,
+            runtime.DesktopComponents.Count,
+            failures.Length);
+
+        PluginRuntimeSummaryPanel.Children.Clear();
+        foreach (var plugin in runtime.Catalog.OrderBy(entry => entry.Manifest.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var status = plugin.IsEnabled
+                ? plugin.IsLoaded
+                    ? L("settings.plugins.state.enabled", "Enabled")
+                    : L("settings.plugins.state.enabled_failed", "Enabled / failed to load")
+                : L("settings.plugins.state.disabled", "Disabled");
+            PluginRuntimeSummaryPanel.Children.Add(CreateSummaryLine(
+                F(
+                    "settings.plugins.summary_item_format",
+                    "{0}  v{1}  |  {2}",
+                    plugin.Manifest.Name,
+                    plugin.Manifest.Version ?? "dev",
+                    status)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void BuildPluginCatalog(PluginRuntimeService runtime)
+    {
+        PluginCatalogItemsHost.Children.Clear();
+
+        var plugins = runtime.Catalog
+            .OrderBy(entry => entry.Manifest.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToList();
+
+        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.IsVisible = plugins.Count == 0;
+        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.IsVisible = plugins.Count > 0;
+
+        foreach (var plugin in plugins)
+        {
+            PluginCatalogItemsHost.Children.Add(CreatePluginCatalogItem(runtime, plugin));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Control CreatePluginCatalogItem(PluginRuntimeService runtime, PluginCatalogEntry entry)
+    {
+        var title = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Manifest.Name,
+            FontSize = 16,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+
+        var subtitle = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = BuildPluginSubtitle(entry),
+            Foreground = PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Foreground,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+
+        var enabledToggle = new ToggleSwitch
+        {
+            IsChecked = entry.IsEnabled,
+            OnContent = L("settings.plugins.toggle_on", "Enabled"),
+            OffContent = L("settings.plugins.toggle_off", "Disabled"),
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right,
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+        };
+
+        enabledToggle.Checked += (_, _) => OnPluginEnableChanged(runtime, entry, true);
+        enabledToggle.Unchecked += (_, _) => OnPluginEnableChanged(runtime, entry, false);
+
+        var header = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("*,Auto"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 12,
+            Children =
+            {
+                new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 4,
+                    Children = { title, subtitle }
+                },
+                enabledToggle
+            }
+        };
+        Grid.SetColumn(enabledToggle, 1);
+
+        var details = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = BuildPluginDetails(entry),
+            Foreground = PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Foreground,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#14000000")),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(16),
+            Padding = new Thickness(14),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 10,
+                Children = { header, details }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private void OnPluginEnableChanged(PluginRuntimeService runtime, PluginCatalogEntry entry, bool isEnabled)
+    {
+        runtime.SetPluginEnabled(entry.Manifest.Id, isEnabled);
+        BuildRuntimeSummary(runtime);
+        BuildPluginCatalog(runtime);
+        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = F(
+            "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format",
+            "Plugin '{0}' was {1} for the next launch. Restart the app to apply page and widget changes.",
+            entry.Manifest.Name,
+            isEnabled
+                ? L("settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled", "enabled")
+                : L("settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled", "disabled"));
+    }
+
+    private async void OnInstallPluginPackageClick(object? sender, Avalonia.Interactivity.RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        var runtime = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        if (runtime is null)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                L(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable",
+                    "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now."),
+                isError: true);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var topLevel = TopLevel.GetTopLevel(this);
+        var storageProvider = topLevel?.StorageProvider;
+        if (storageProvider is null)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                L("settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable", "Storage provider is unavailable."),
+                isError: true);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var files = await storageProvider.OpenFilePickerAsync(new FilePickerOpenOptions
+        {
+            Title = L("settings.plugins.install_picker_title", "Select plugin package"),
+            AllowMultiple = false,
+            FileTypeFilter =
+            [
+                new FilePickerFileType(L("settings.plugins.install_file_type", ".laapp plugin package"))
+                {
+                    Patterns = [$"*{PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension}"]
+                }
+            ]
+        });
+
+        if (files.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        string? temporaryPackagePath = null;
+        try
+        {
+            temporaryPackagePath = await CopyPackageToTemporaryFileAsync(files[0]);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(temporaryPackagePath))
+            {
+                SetPackageImportStatus(
+                    L("settings.plugins.install_copy_failed", "Failed to copy the selected .laapp package."),
+                    isError: true);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var manifest = runtime.InstallPluginPackage(temporaryPackagePath);
+            runtime.LoadInstalledPlugins();
+            RefreshPluginNavigation(topLevel);
+            PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.PluginCatalogReason, true);
+            RefreshFromRuntime();
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                F(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_success_format",
+                    "Installed plugin '{0}'. Restart the app to apply newly added settings pages and widgets.",
+                    manifest.Name),
+                isError: false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            SetPackageImportStatus(
+                F(
+                    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format",
+                    "Failed to install plugin package: {0}",
+                    ex.Message),
+                isError: true);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(temporaryPackagePath))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    File.Delete(temporaryPackagePath);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // Ignore temporary file cleanup errors.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshPluginNavigation(TopLevel? topLevel)
+    {
+        switch (topLevel)
+        {
+            case MainWindow mainWindow:
+                mainWindow.RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation();
+                break;
+            case SettingsWindow settingsWindow:
+                settingsWindow.RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation();
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SetPackageImportStatus(string message, bool isError)
+    {
+        _packageImportStatusMessage = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(message) ? null : message;
+        _packageImportStatusIsError = isError;
+        UpdateInstallerUi((Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService);
+    }
+
+    private string BuildPluginSubtitle(PluginCatalogEntry entry)
+    {
+        var source = entry.IsPackage
+            ? L("settings.plugins.source_package", ".laapp package")
+            : L("settings.plugins.source_manifest", "Loose manifest");
+        var state = entry.IsEnabled
+            ? entry.IsLoaded
+                ? L("settings.plugins.state.loaded", "Loaded")
+                : L("settings.plugins.state.load_failed", "Load failed")
+            : L("settings.plugins.state.disabled", "Disabled");
+        return F(
+            "settings.plugins.subtitle_format",
+            "{0} | {1} | {2}",
+            state,
+            source,
+            entry.Manifest.Id);
+    }
+
+    private string BuildPluginDetails(PluginCatalogEntry entry)
+    {
+        var detail = F(
+            "settings.plugins.detail_format",
+            "Settings pages: {0} | Widgets: {1}",
+            entry.SettingsPageCount,
+            entry.WidgetCount);
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entry.ErrorMessage)
+            ? detail
+            : detail + Environment.NewLine + entry.ErrorMessage;
+    }
+
+    private TextBlock CreateSummaryLine(string text)
+    {
+        return new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = text,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap,
+            Foreground = PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Foreground
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string L(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        return _localizationService.GetString(snapshot.LanguageCode, key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string F(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, L(key, fallback), args);
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<string?> CopyPackageToTemporaryFileAsync(IStorageFile file)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var extension = Path.GetExtension(file.Name);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(extension))
+            {
+                extension = PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+            }
+
+            var temporaryDirectory = Path.Combine(
+                Path.GetTempPath(),
+                "LanMountainDesktop",
+                "PluginImports");
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(temporaryDirectory);
+
+            var temporaryPackagePath = Path.Combine(
+                temporaryDirectory,
+                $"{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}_{Guid.NewGuid():N}{extension}");
+
+            await using var sourceStream = await file.OpenReadAsync();
+            await using var destinationStream = File.Create(temporaryPackagePath);
+            await sourceStream.CopyToAsync(destinationStream);
+            return temporaryPackagePath;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/PluginSettingsPage.axaml

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
+             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
+             xmlns:ui="using:FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls"
+             xmlns:fi="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent"
+             mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="1000"
+             x:Class="LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages.PluginSettingsPage">
+
+    <StackPanel x:Name="PluginSettingsPanel" Spacing="16">
+        <TextBlock x:Name="PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock"
+                   FontSize="24"
+                   FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
+                   Text="Plugins" />
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="PluginSystemSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Plugin Runtime"
+                                 Description="Manage plugin loading and backend isolation."
+                                 IsExpanded="True">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <ui:FontIconSource Glyph="&#xe734;" FontFamily="{StaticResource SymbolThemeFontFamily}" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <StackPanel Spacing="10">
+                        <TextBlock x:Name="PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock"
+                                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                   Text="This page will host installed plugin management, permission review, and sandboxed backend runtime controls." />
+                        <Border Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveSurfaceRaisedBrush}"
+                                CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusSm}"
+                                Padding="14">
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="PluginSystemStatusTextBlock"
+                                       Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                       TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                       Text="Plugin management UI is not connected yet. Next step is wiring the loader, permissions, and worker isolation state into this panel." />
+                        </Border>
+                        <StackPanel x:Name="PluginRuntimeSummaryPanel" Spacing="6" />
+                    </StackPanel>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Installed Plugins"
+                                 Description="Enable plugins here. Detailed settings appear as separate settings pages."
+                                 IsExpanded="True">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <ui:FontIconSource Glyph="&#xe8fd;" FontFamily="{StaticResource SymbolThemeFontFamily}" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <StackPanel Spacing="10">
+                        <Border Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveSurfaceRaisedBrush}"
+                                CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusSm}"
+                                Padding="14">
+                            <StackPanel Spacing="10">
+                                <Button x:Name="InstallPluginPackageButton"
+                                        HorizontalAlignment="Left"
+                                        Click="OnInstallPluginPackageClick"
+                                        Content="Open .laapp package" />
+                                <TextBlock x:Name="PluginPackageImportHintTextBlock"
+                                           Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                           TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                           Text="Open a .laapp package to install it into the local plugin directory." />
+                                <TextBlock x:Name="PluginPackageImportStatusTextBlock"
+                                           Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                           TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                           IsVisible="False" />
+                            </StackPanel>
+                        </Border>
+                        <TextBlock x:Name="PluginRestartHintTextBlock"
+                                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                   TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                                   Text="Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app." />
+                        <TextBlock x:Name="PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock"
+                                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                   Text="No plugins found."
+                                   IsVisible="False" />
+                        <StackPanel x:Name="PluginCatalogItemsHost" Spacing="12" />
+                    </StackPanel>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+    </StackPanel>
+</UserControl>

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# 宿主侧插件运行时
+
+这个目录用于归档阑山桌面宿主侧的插件相关实现。
+
+职责范围：
+- 已安装插件的发现
+- `.laapp` 安装包安装与替换
+- 插件运行时加载
+- 插件贡献的设置页与桌面组件接入
+- 宿主侧插件设置页的安装、显示与刷新
+
+当前宿主侧核心文件：
+- `PluginLoader.cs`
+- `PluginLoadContext.cs`
+- `PluginLoaderOptions.cs`
+- `PluginLoadResult.cs`
+- `LoadedPlugin.cs`
+- `PluginRuntimeService.cs`
+- `PluginContributions.cs`
+- `PluginCatalogEntry.cs`
+- `PluginSettingsPage.axaml`
+- `PluginSettingsPage.Host.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs`
+- `MainWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs`
+- `SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs`
+
+说明：
+- 插件开发标准、插件打包工具、示例插件与开发文档统一放在仓库根目录下的 `LanAirApp/`
+- 宿主本体的插件加载、解析、安装与插件设置页接入逻辑统一放在 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`
+- `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 只保留插件作者需要引用的契约、清单模型和扩展注册接口

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsControls.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    internal TextBlock PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander PluginSystemSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("PluginSystemSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginSystemStatusTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginSystemStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginRestartHintTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginRestartHintTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock => PluginSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock")!;
+}

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsHost.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent;
+using FluentIcons.Common;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, Control> _pluginSettingsPageHosts = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    private void InitializePluginSettingsNavigation()
+    {
+        if (_pluginSettingsPageHosts.Count > 0 || SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var runtime = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        var contributions = runtime?.SettingsPages
+            .OrderBy(contribution => contribution.Registration.SortOrder)
+            .ThenBy(contribution => contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ThenBy(contribution => contribution.Registration.Title, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToArray();
+
+        if (contributions is not { Length: > 0 })
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var pageCountsByPluginId = contributions
+            .GroupBy(contribution => contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Count(), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        var insertIndex = SettingsNavView.MenuItems.IndexOf(SettingsNavPluginsItem) + 1;
+        foreach (var contribution in contributions)
+        {
+            var tag = BuildPluginSettingsTag(contribution);
+            var navigationTitle = BuildPluginSettingsNavigationTitle(contribution, pageCountsByPluginId);
+            var navItem = new NavigationViewItem
+            {
+                Content = navigationTitle,
+                Tag = tag,
+                IconSource = new FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent.SymbolIconSource
+                {
+                    Symbol = FluentIcons.Common.Symbol.PuzzlePiece,
+                    IconVariant = FluentIcons.Common.IconVariant.Regular
+                }
+            };
+
+            ToolTip.SetTip(navItem, $"{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name} - {contribution.Registration.Title}");
+
+            SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Insert(insertIndex++, navItem);
+
+            var pageHost = CreatePluginSettingsPageHost(contribution);
+            pageHost.IsVisible = false;
+            SettingsContentPagesHost.Children.Add(pageHost);
+            _pluginSettingsPageHosts[tag] = pageHost;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildPluginSettingsTag(PluginSettingsPageContribution contribution)
+    {
+        return $"PluginPage:{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}:{contribution.Registration.Id}";
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildPluginSettingsNavigationTitle(
+        PluginSettingsPageContribution contribution,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, int> pageCountsByPluginId)
+    {
+        return pageCountsByPluginId.TryGetValue(contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id, out var pageCount) && pageCount > 1
+            ? $"{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name} - {contribution.Registration.Title}"
+            : contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name;
+    }
+
+    private Control CreatePluginSettingsPageHost(PluginSettingsPageContribution contribution)
+    {
+        Control content;
+        try
+        {
+            content = contribution.Registration.ContentFactory();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            content = CreatePluginPageErrorContent(ex);
+        }
+
+        return new StackPanel
+        {
+            Spacing = 16,
+            Children =
+            {
+                new TextBlock
+                {
+                    Text = contribution.Registration.Title,
+                    FontSize = 24,
+                    FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                    Foreground = GetThemeBrush("AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush")
+                },
+                new TextBlock
+                {
+                    Text = contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name,
+                    Foreground = GetThemeBrush("AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush")
+                },
+                content
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreatePluginPageErrorContent(Exception exception)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#332B0F16")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#66F97316")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(16),
+            Padding = new Thickness(16),
+            Child = new TextBlock
+            {
+                Text = exception.Message,
+                TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePluginSettingsPageVisibility(string? selectedTag)
+    {
+        foreach (var pair in _pluginSettingsPageHosts)
+        {
+            pair.Value.IsVisible = string.Equals(pair.Key, selectedTag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal void RefreshPluginSettingsNavigation()
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var pair in _pluginSettingsPageHosts.ToArray())
+        {
+            var navItem = SettingsNavView.MenuItems
+                .OfType<NavigationViewItem>()
+                .FirstOrDefault(item => string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), pair.Key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (navItem is not null)
+            {
+                SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Remove(navItem);
+            }
+
+            SettingsContentPagesHost.Children.Remove(pair.Value);
+        }
+
+        _pluginSettingsPageHosts.Clear();
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
+    }
+
+    private string? GetSelectedSettingsTabTag()
+    {
+        return (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem as NavigationViewItem)?.Tag?.ToString();
+    }
+
+    private int ResolveSelectedSettingsTabIndex()
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem is null || SettingsNavView.MenuItems is null)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Count; i++)
+        {
+            if (ReferenceEquals(SettingsNavView.MenuItems[i], SettingsNavView.SelectedItem))
+            {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private void RestoreSettingsTabSelection(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (SettingsNavView?.MenuItems is null || SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(snapshot.SettingsTabTag))
+        {
+            var taggedItem = SettingsNavView.MenuItems
+                .OfType<NavigationViewItem>()
+                .FirstOrDefault(item => string.Equals(item.Tag?.ToString(), snapshot.SettingsTabTag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+            if (taggedItem is not null)
+            {
+                SettingsNavView.SelectedItem = taggedItem;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        var safeIndex = Math.Clamp(snapshot.SettingsTabIndex, 0, Math.Max(0, SettingsNavView.MenuItems.Count - 1));
+        if (SettingsNavView.MenuItems[safeIndex] is NavigationViewItem navItem)
+        {
+            SettingsNavView.SelectedItem = navItem;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+

LanMountainDesktop/plugins/SettingsWindow.PluginSettingsLocalization.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class SettingsWindow
+{
+    private void ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization()
+    {
+        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
+        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.runtime_desc", "Review plugin runtime state and load results.");
+        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_hint", "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.");
+        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.runtime_status", "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.installed_header", "Installed Plugins");
+        InstalledPluginsSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.plugins.installed_desc", "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.");
+        PluginRestartHintTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.restart_hint", "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PluginCatalogEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.empty", "No plugins found.");
+        PluginSettingsPanel.RefreshFromRuntime();
+    }
+}