0.5.7

示例插件
0.5.6
2026-06-20 23:54:26 +08:00 · 2026-03-10 00:40:26 +08:00 · 2026-03-10 00:04:33 +08:00 · 2026-03-09 22:26:42 +08:00 · 2026-03-09 17:54:49 +08:00 · 2026-03-09 15:11:48 +08:00
145 changed files with 16007 additions and 1865 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -482,3 +482,13 @@ $RECYCLE.BIN/
 *.swp
 nul
 /publish-test
+/_build_verify
+/_build_verify_tray
+/_build_verify_plugin
+/_build_verify_plugin_tabs
+/_build_verify_sample_plugin
+/_build_verify_sample_plugin_capabilities
+/_build_verify_plugin_page_host
+/_build_verify_plugin_services
+/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/_build_verify_*/
+/_build_obj
--- a/LanAirApp/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# LanAirApp
+
+`LanAirApp` 是阑山桌面插件生态的对外发布工作区。
+
+这里集中放置：
+- 插件开发标准
+- 插件打包与构建工具
+- 插件开发与打包文档
+- 示例插件
+
+目录结构：
+- `docs/`：插件开发文档、打包文档
+- `releases/`：已经打包完成、可直接分享与安装的 `.laapp` 插件包
+- `samples/`：示例插件，其中 `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin` 是示例开发插件
+- `standards/`：插件标准文件与模板
+- `tools/`：插件打包与构建工具
+
+面向用户的安装流程：
+1. 将插件构建或打包为 `.laapp` 文件。
+2. 打开 `设置 -> 插件`。
+3. 点击 `打开 .laapp 插件包`。
+4. 选择插件包完成安装。
+
+宿主侧的插件加载、安装、发现、解析与设置页接入逻辑，保留在 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
+
+`LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 仅作为插件开发 SDK 使用，提供 `IPlugin`、`IPluginContext`、清单模型与扩展注册接口。
--- a/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# 插件开发文档
+
+LanMountainDesktop 插件基于 `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 开发。
+
+`LanAirApp/` 负责对外发布插件开发标准、示例插件和打包工具；宿主应用内部的插件加载与解析逻辑位于 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
+`LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 只提供插件作者需要依赖的开发契约，不再承载宿主侧运行时加载实现。
+
+## 必需文件
+- `plugin.json`
+- `plugin.json` 中声明的入口程序集
+- 使用插件入口特性标记的入口类型
+
+## 推荐开发流程
+1. 以 `LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin` 为起点。
+2. 修改 `plugin.json`，填写你自己的插件 `id`、名称、作者、版本和入口程序集。
+3. 实现 `IPlugin` 或继承 `PluginBase`。
+4. 通过 `IPluginContext` 注册服务、设置页和桌面组件。
+5. 将输出内容打包为 `.laapp` 文件。
+
+## 运行时能力
+- 插件可以注册自己的设置页。
+- 插件可以注册自己的桌面组件。
+- 插件可以注册自己的服务，并通过插件消息总线进行通信。
+- 宿主优先加载 `.laapp` 包，其次才是散装清单。
+
+## 多语言建议
+- 插件应当内置 `Localization/zh-CN.json` 与 `Localization/en-US.json`。
+- 插件界面文案、组件文案、状态文案建议统一通过插件本地化层读取。
+- 建议优先读取宿主传入的语言代码，再回退到插件默认语言。
+
+## 目录建议
+一个标准插件项目建议至少包含：
+- `plugin.json`
+- `Localization/zh-CN.json`
+- `Localization/en-US.json`
+- 插件程序集与依赖文件
+
+## 示例项目与工具
+- 示例插件：`LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`
+- 打包工具：`LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager`
+- 标准模板：`LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json`
--- a/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_PACKAGING.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_PACKAGING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# 插件打包文档
+
+LanMountainDesktop 插件的安装包格式固定为 `.laapp`。
+
+`LanAirApp/` 负责提供打包标准与打包工具；`.laapp` 的安装、发现和运行时加载由 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/` 负责。
+
+## `.laapp` 格式说明
+- 本质上是一个标准 zip 压缩包
+- 包根目录必须包含 `plugin.json`
+- 包根目录还必须包含入口程序集及其依赖
+
+## 建议打包内容
+- `plugin.json`
+- `YourPlugin.dll`
+- 依赖程序集
+- `Localization/zh-CN.json`
+- `Localization/en-US.json`
+- 插件运行所需的其他资源文件
+
+## 使用打包工具
+```powershell
+dotnet run --project .\LanAirApp\tools\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager -- --input .\path\to\plugin-output --output .\artifacts\YourPlugin.laapp --overwrite
+```
+
+## 应用内安装流程
+1. 打开 `设置 -> 插件`
+2. 点击 `打开 .laapp 插件包`
+3. 选择要安装的插件包
+4. 如果插件注册了设置页或组件，安装后重启应用
+
+## 注意事项
+- `plugin.json` 中的 `entranceAssembly` 必须能在包内找到。
+- 包内应尽量避免无关开发产物。
+- `.laapp` 是标准安装格式，建议不要对外分发散装目录。
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <EnableDynamicLoading>true</EnableDynamicLoading>
+    <OutputPath>bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\content\</OutputPath>
+    <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
+    <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>
+    <PluginPackageOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\</PluginPackageOutputDirectory>
+    <PluginPackagePath>$(PluginPackageOutputDirectory)$(AssemblyName).laapp</PluginPackagePath>
+    <LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\SamplePlugin\</LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" Private="false" />
+    <None Include="plugin.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+    <None Include="Localization\*.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <Target Name="CreateLaappPackage" AfterTargets="Build">
+    <MakeDir Directories="$(PluginPackageOutputDirectory)" />
+    <RemoveDir Directories="$(LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory)" />
+    <Delete Files="$(PluginPackagePath)" TreatErrorsAsWarnings="true" />
+    <ZipDirectory SourceDirectory="$(OutputPath)" DestinationFile="$(PluginPackagePath)" />
+  </Target>
+
+</Project>
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/en-US.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/en-US.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "Plugin Status",
+  "plugin.name": "LanMountain Sample Plugin",
+  "plugin.description": "Example plugin used to validate PluginSdk loading, services, communication, and localization.",
+  "widget.display_name": "Sample Plugin Status Clock",
+  "widget.category": "Plugins",
+  "settings.header.title": "Sample Plugin Capability Inspector",
+  "settings.section.info": "Plugin Info",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "Accessible Capabilities",
+  "settings.section.status": "Live Runtime Status",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "Plugin Name",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "Plugin Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "Version",
+  "settings.info.author": "Author",
+  "settings.info.description": "Description",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "Plugin Directory",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "Data Directory",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "Host Application",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "Host Version",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API Version",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "State Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "Clock Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "Message Bus Resolved",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "Component Placed",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "Placed Count",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "Preview Count",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "Placement Ids",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "Last Component Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "Last Cell Size",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "Clock Service Time",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "Updated: {0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "Frontend Status",
+  "status.component.title": "Component Status",
+  "status.backend.title": "Backend Status",
+  "status.service.title": "Clock Service",
+  "status.summary.pending": "Pending",
+  "status.summary.attached": "Attached",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "Healthy",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "Faulted",
+  "status.summary.placed": "Placed",
+  "status.summary.preview": "Preview",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "Waiting for a plugin UI surface to connect.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "Settings page is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "Widget surface is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "No component instance has been created yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "No component instance is active.",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "Preview instances: {0}; no placed desktop instance is active yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "Placed count: {0}; preview count: {1}; placements: {2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "Plugin initialization is in progress.",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "Initialization log written to: {0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "Initialization log write failed: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "Clock service is not attached yet.",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "Clock service was attached and is waiting for the first tick.",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "Clock service is running. Current service time: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "Clock state write failed: {0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "Readable. Current plugin id: {0}; version: {1}.",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "Readable. Plugin directory: {0}; data directory: {1}.",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "Readable. Host properties currently exposed: {0}.",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "Callable. State service resolved: {0}; clock service resolved: {1}; message bus resolved: {2}.",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "Callable during plugin initialization. This sample plugin registers SamplePluginRuntimeStateService and SamplePluginClockService into the plugin service container.",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "Plugin Communication Bus",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "This sample plugin uses IPluginMessageBus to push clock ticks and state change notifications into plugin UI surfaces.",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "Widgets can read ComponentId, PlacementId, CellSize, and call GetService<T>() against the same plugin service container.",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "Preview surface | placed: {0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "Placement {0} | placed: {1}",
+  "common.dev": "dev",
+  "common.none": "(none)",
+  "common.unknown": "(unknown)",
+  "common.true": "true",
+  "common.false": "false",
+  "common.yes": "Yes",
+  "common.no": "No"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/zh-CN.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/zh-CN.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "插件状态",
+  "plugin.name": "阑山示例插件",
+  "plugin.description": "用于验证 PluginSdk 加载、服务、通信与本地化能力的示例插件。",
+  "widget.display_name": "示例插件状态时钟",
+  "widget.category": "插件",
+  "settings.header.title": "示例插件能力检查器",
+  "settings.section.info": "插件信息",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "可访问能力",
+  "settings.section.status": "实时运行状态",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "插件名称",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "插件 Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "版本",
+  "settings.info.author": "作者",
+  "settings.info.description": "描述",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "插件目录",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "数据目录",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "宿主应用",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "宿主版本",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API 版本",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "状态服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "时钟服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "消息总线已解析",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "组件是否已放置",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "已放置数量",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "预览数量",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "放置位置 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "最近组件 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "最近单元尺寸",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "时钟服务时间",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "更新时间：{0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "前端状态",
+  "status.component.title": "组件状态",
+  "status.backend.title": "后端状态",
+  "status.service.title": "时钟服务",
+  "status.summary.pending": "等待中",
+  "status.summary.attached": "已挂接",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "正常",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "异常",
+  "status.summary.placed": "已放置",
+  "status.summary.preview": "预览中",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "等待插件界面接入。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "当前还没有创建组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "当前没有活动中的组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "插件初始化进行中。",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "时钟服务尚未挂接。",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "插件通信总线",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}",
+  "common.dev": "开发版",
+  "common.none": "（无）",
+  "common.unknown": "（未知）",
+  "common.true": "是",
+  "common.false": "否",
+  "common.yes": "是",
+  "common.no": "否"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin
+
+这是阑山桌面的**示例开发插件**。
+
+它用于演示以下能力：
+- 插件入口与 `plugin.json` 清单
+- 插件服务注册
+- 插件设置页注册
+- 插件桌面组件注册
+- 插件内通信与状态更新
+- `.laapp` 打包与安装流程
+- 插件多语言资源组织方式
+
+如果你要开发自己的插件，建议以这个目录为模板开始。
+
+这个目录仅用于示例开发与打包发布，不承载宿主应用内部的插件加载逻辑。
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+[PluginEntrance]
+public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable
+{
+    private SamplePluginRuntimeStateService? _stateService;
+    private SamplePluginClockService? _clockService;
+
+    public override void Initialize(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(context.DataDirectory);
+        var localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+
+        var hostName = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostApplicationName, "UnknownHost");
+        var hostVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostVersion, "UnknownVersion");
+        var sdkApiVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.PluginSdkApiVersion, "UnknownApiVersion");
+        var messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Plugin message bus is not available.");
+
+        _stateService = new SamplePluginRuntimeStateService(
+            context.Manifest,
+            context.PluginDirectory,
+            context.DataDirectory,
+            hostName,
+            hostVersion,
+            sdkApiVersion,
+            messageBus,
+            localizer);
+        context.RegisterService(_stateService);
+
+        _clockService = new SamplePluginClockService(context.DataDirectory, _stateService, messageBus, localizer);
+        context.RegisterService(_clockService);
+        _stateService.AttachClockService(_clockService);
+
+        var logPath = Path.Combine(context.DataDirectory, "sample-plugin.log");
+        var initMessage =
+            $"[{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow:O}] {context.Manifest.Name} initialized in {hostName} (plugin version {context.Manifest.Version ?? "dev"}).";
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.AppendAllText(logPath, initMessage + Environment.NewLine);
+            _stateService.MarkBackendReady(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_written",
+                "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+                logPath));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _stateService.MarkBackendFaulted(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed",
+                "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        _clockService.Start();
+
+        context.RegisterSettingsPage(new PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+            "status",
+            localizer.GetString("settings.page_title", "插件状态"),
+            () => new SamplePluginSettingsView(context)));
+
+        context.RegisterDesktopComponent(new PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+            "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.StatusClock",
+            localizer.GetString("widget.display_name", "示例插件状态时钟"),
+            widgetContext => new SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(widgetContext),
+            iconKey: "PuzzlePiece",
+            category: localizer.GetString("widget.category", "插件"),
+            minWidthCells: 4,
+            minHeightCells: 4,
+            allowDesktopPlacement: true,
+            allowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+            resizeMode: PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+            cornerRadiusResolver: cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.34, 18, 34)));
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        _clockService?.Dispose();
+        _clockService = null;
+        _stateService = null;
+    }
+
+    private static string GetHostProperty(IPluginContext context, string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return context.TryGetProperty<string>(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? value
+            : fallback;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal enum SamplePluginHealthState
+{
+    Healthy,
+    Pending,
+    Faulted
+}
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginStatusEntry(
+    string Key,
+    string Title,
+    SamplePluginHealthState State,
+    string Summary,
+    string Detail,
+    DateTimeOffset UpdatedAt);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+    string Title,
+    string Detail);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot(
+    PluginManifest Manifest,
+    string PluginDirectory,
+    string DataDirectory,
+    string HostApplicationName,
+    string HostVersion,
+    string SdkApiVersion,
+    IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginStatusEntry> StatusEntries,
+    bool HasPlacedComponent,
+    int PlacedCount,
+    int PreviewCount,
+    IReadOnlyList<string> PlacementIds,
+    string? LastComponentId,
+    double LastCellSize,
+    DateTimeOffset? ServiceClockTime);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginClockTickMessage(DateTimeOffset CurrentTime);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginStateChangedMessage(string Reason);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginComponentInstance(
+    string ComponentId,
+    string? PlacementId,
+    double CellSize)
+{
+    public bool IsPlaced => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(PlacementId);
+}
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, SamplePluginComponentInstance> _componentInstances =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    private readonly PluginManifest _manifest;
+    private readonly string _pluginDirectory;
+    private readonly string _dataDirectory;
+    private readonly string _hostApplicationName;
+    private readonly string _hostVersion;
+    private readonly string _sdkApiVersion;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _frontend;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _component;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _backend;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _service;
+    private string? _lastComponentId;
+    private double _lastCellSize;
+    private DateTimeOffset? _serviceClockTime;
+
+    public SamplePluginRuntimeStateService(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        string hostApplicationName,
+        string hostVersion,
+        string sdkApiVersion,
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
+    {
+        _manifest = manifest;
+        _pluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        _dataDirectory = dataDirectory;
+        _hostApplicationName = hostApplicationName;
+        _hostVersion = hostVersion;
+        _sdkApiVersion = sdkApiVersion;
+        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
+
+        _frontend = CreateEntry(
+            "frontend",
+            T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.frontend.detail.pending", "等待插件界面接入。"));
+
+        _component = CreateEntry(
+            "component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.pending", "当前还没有创建组件实例。"));
+
+        _backend = CreateEntry(
+            "backend",
+            T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.backend.detail.pending", "插件初始化进行中。"));
+
+        _service = CreateEntry(
+            "service",
+            T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.service.detail.pending", "时钟服务尚未挂接。"));
+    }
+
+    public void AttachClockService(SamplePluginClockService clockService)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(clockService);
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _serviceClockTime = clockService.CurrentTime;
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+                T("status.summary.attached", "已挂接"),
+                T("status.service.detail.attached", "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。"));
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service attached");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkFrontendReady(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _frontend = CreateEntry(
+                "frontend",
+                T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Frontend updated");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkBackendReady(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _backend = CreateEntry(
+                "backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Backend updated");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkBackendFaulted(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _backend = CreateEntry(
+                "backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Backend faulted");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkClockServiceTick(DateTimeOffset currentTime)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _serviceClockTime = currentTime;
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.service.detail.running",
+                    "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+                    currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service tick");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkClockServiceFaulted(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service faulted");
+    }
+
+    public string RegisterComponentInstance(string componentId, string? placementId, double cellSize)
+    {
+        var instanceId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _componentInstances[instanceId] = new SamplePluginComponentInstance(componentId, placementId, cellSize);
+            _lastComponentId = componentId;
+            _lastCellSize = cellSize;
+            UpdateComponentStatusNoLock();
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Component attached");
+        return instanceId;
+    }
+
+    public void UnregisterComponentInstance(string instanceId)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceId);
+
+        var removed = false;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            removed = _componentInstances.Remove(instanceId);
+            if (removed)
+            {
+                UpdateComponentStatusNoLock();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (removed)
+        {
+            PublishStateChanged("Component detached");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot GetSnapshot()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            var placementIds = _componentInstances.Values
+                .Where(instance => instance.IsPlaced)
+                .Select(instance => instance.PlacementId!)
+                .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .ToArray();
+
+            var previewCount = _componentInstances.Values.Count(instance => !instance.IsPlaced);
+
+            return new SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot(
+                _manifest,
+                _pluginDirectory,
+                _dataDirectory,
+                _hostApplicationName,
+                _hostVersion,
+                _sdkApiVersion,
+                [_frontend, _component, _backend, _service],
+                placementIds.Length > 0,
+                placementIds.Length,
+                previewCount,
+                placementIds,
+                _lastComponentId,
+                _lastCellSize,
+                _serviceClockTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginCapabilityItem> GetCapabilities(
+        IPluginContext context,
+        bool hasStateService,
+        bool hasClockService,
+        bool hasMessageBus)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+
+        var propertyNames = context.Properties.Count == 0
+            ? T("common.none", "（无）")
+            : string.Join(", ", context.Properties.Keys.OrderBy(key => key, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        return
+        [
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.manifest.title", "IPluginContext.Manifest"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.manifest.detail",
+                    "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+                    context.Manifest.Id,
+                    context.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版"))),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.directories.title", "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.directories.detail",
+                    "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+                    context.PluginDirectory,
+                    context.DataDirectory)),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.properties.title", "IPluginContext.Properties"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.properties.detail",
+                    "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+                    propertyNames)),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.get_service.title", "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.get_service.detail",
+                    "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+                    FormatBoolean(hasStateService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasClockService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasMessageBus))),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.register_service.title", "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.register_service.detail",
+                    "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。")),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.message_bus.title", "插件通信总线"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.message_bus.detail",
+                    "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。")),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.widget_context.title", "PluginDesktopComponentContext"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.widget_context.detail",
+                    "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。"))
+        ];
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateComponentStatusNoLock()
+    {
+        var placementIds = _componentInstances.Values
+            .Where(instance => instance.IsPlaced)
+            .Select(instance => instance.PlacementId!)
+            .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToArray();
+
+        var previewCount = _componentInstances.Values.Count(instance => !instance.IsPlaced);
+
+        if (placementIds.Length > 0)
+        {
+            _component = CreateEntry(
+                "component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.placed", "已放置"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.placed",
+                    "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+                    placementIds.Length,
+                    previewCount,
+                    string.Join(", ", placementIds)));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (previewCount > 0)
+        {
+            _component = CreateEntry(
+                "component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.preview", "预览中"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.preview",
+                    "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+                    previewCount));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _component = CreateEntry(
+            "component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.none", "当前没有活动中的组件实例。"));
+    }
+
+    private void PublishStateChanged(string reason)
+    {
+        _messageBus.Publish(new SamplePluginStateChangedMessage(reason));
+    }
+
+    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry CreateEntry(
+        string key,
+        string title,
+        SamplePluginHealthState state,
+        string summary,
+        string detail)
+    {
+        return new SamplePluginStatusEntry(
+            key,
+            title,
+            state,
+            summary,
+            detail,
+            DateTimeOffset.Now);
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
+}
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginClockService : IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly string _clockStateFilePath;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly Timer _timer;
+    private DateTimeOffset _currentTime = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+    private int _disposed;
+
+    public SamplePluginClockService(
+        string dataDirectory,
+        SamplePluginRuntimeStateService stateService,
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
+    {
+        _clockStateFilePath = Path.Combine(dataDirectory, "clock-service.txt");
+        _stateService = stateService;
+        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
+        _timer = new Timer(OnTimerTick);
+    }
+
+    public DateTimeOffset CurrentTime
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                return _currentTime;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Start()
+    {
+        PublishTick();
+        _timer.Change(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _timer.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    private void OnTimerTick(object? state)
+    {
+        PublishTick();
+    }
+
+    private void PublishTick()
+    {
+        if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var now = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _currentTime = now;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(
+                _clockStateFilePath,
+                now.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceTick(now);
+            _messageBus.Publish(new SamplePluginClockTickMessage(now));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceFaulted(_localizer.Format(
+                "status.service.detail.write_failed",
+                "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
+{
+    private readonly IPluginContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly StackPanel _pluginInfoPanel = new() { Spacing = 8 };
+    private readonly StackPanel _capabilityPanel = new() { Spacing = 8 };
+    private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel = new() { Spacing = 10 };
+    private readonly List<IDisposable> _subscriptions = [];
+
+    public SamplePluginSettingsView(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
+        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginClockService is not available.");
+        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");
+
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected",
+            "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。"));
+
+        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+
+        Content = new Border
+        {
+            Background = new LinearGradientBrush
+            {
+                StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+                EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+                GradientStops =
+                [
+                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#1F0B1120"), 0),
+                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#260C4A6E"), 1)
+                ]
+            },
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6628B2FF")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(18),
+            Padding = new Thickness(18),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 14,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = T("settings.header.title", "示例插件能力检查器"),
+                        FontSize = 22,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White
+                    },
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.info", "插件信息"), _pluginInfoPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.capabilities", "可访问能力"), _capabilityPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.status", "实时运行状态"), _statusPanel)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        RefreshView();
+    }
+
+    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        SubscribeToPluginBus();
+        RefreshView();
+    }
+
+    private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        foreach (var subscription in _subscriptions)
+        {
+            subscription.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Clear();
+    }
+
+    private void SubscribeToPluginBus()
+    {
+        if (_subscriptions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginClockTickMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(RefreshView)));
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginStateChangedMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(RefreshView)));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshView()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        RefreshPluginInfo(snapshot);
+        RefreshCapabilities();
+        RefreshStatuses(snapshot);
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshPluginInfo(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Clear();
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.plugin_name", "插件名称"),
+            T("plugin.name", snapshot.Manifest.Name)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_id", "插件 Id"), snapshot.Manifest.Id));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.version", "版本"), snapshot.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.author", "作者"), snapshot.Manifest.Author ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.description", "描述"),
+            T("plugin.description", snapshot.Manifest.Description ?? T("common.none", "（无）"))));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_directory", "插件目录"), snapshot.PluginDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.data_directory", "数据目录"), snapshot.DataDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_application", "宿主应用"), snapshot.HostApplicationName));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_version", "宿主版本"), snapshot.HostVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.sdk_api_version", "SDK API 版本"), snapshot.SdkApiVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.state_service_resolved", "状态服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_resolved", "时钟服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.message_bus_resolved", "消息总线已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.component_placed", "组件是否已放置"),
+            snapshot.HasPlacedComponent ? T("common.yes", "是") : T("common.no", "否")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.placed_count", "已放置数量"), snapshot.PlacedCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.preview_count", "预览数量"), snapshot.PreviewCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.placement_ids", "放置位置 Id"),
+            snapshot.PlacementIds.Count == 0 ? T("common.none", "（无）") : string.Join(", ", snapshot.PlacementIds)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_component_id", "最近组件 Id"),
+            snapshot.LastComponentId ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_cell_size", "最近单元尺寸"),
+            snapshot.LastCellSize > 0 ? $"{snapshot.LastCellSize:F0}px" : T("common.unknown", "（未知）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_time", "时钟服务时间"),
+            _clockService.CurrentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshCapabilities()
+    {
+        var capabilities = _stateService.GetCapabilities(
+            _context,
+            _context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null,
+            _context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null,
+            _context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null);
+
+        _capabilityPanel.Children.Clear();
+        foreach (var capability in capabilities)
+        {
+            _capabilityPanel.Children.Add(CreateCapabilityCard(capability));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshStatuses(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
+
+        foreach (var entry in snapshot.StatusEntries)
+        {
+            var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
+            _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
+            {
+                Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
+                BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Border),
+                BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+                CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+                Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
+                Child = new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 4,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        CreateStatusHeader(entry, palette),
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Detail,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = Tf("settings.status.updated_at", "更新时间：{0}", entry.UpdatedAt.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")),
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF93C5FD"))
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Border CreateSection(string title, Control content)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#14000000")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3328B2FF")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(14),
+            Padding = new Thickness(14),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 12,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = title,
+                        FontSize = 16,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White
+                    },
+                    content
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Control CreateInfoLine(string label, string value)
+    {
+        var grid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("180,*"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 10
+        };
+
+        var labelText = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = label,
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBAE6FD")),
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+        var valueText = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = value,
+            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+
+        grid.Children.Add(labelText);
+        grid.Children.Add(valueText);
+        Grid.SetColumn(valueText, 1);
+        return grid;
+    }
+
+    private Control CreateCapabilityCard(SamplePluginCapabilityItem item)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#0F082F49")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3338BDF8")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+            Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 4,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = item.Title,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = item.Detail,
+                        Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreateStatusHeader(
+        SamplePluginStatusEntry entry,
+        (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) palette)
+    {
+        var grid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 8
+        };
+
+        var dot = new Border
+        {
+            Width = 10,
+            Height = 10,
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Dot),
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+        };
+        var title = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Title,
+            FontSize = 15,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            Foreground = Brushes.White
+        };
+        var summary = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Summary,
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right
+        };
+
+        grid.Children.Add(dot);
+        grid.Children.Add(title);
+        grid.Children.Add(summary);
+        Grid.SetColumn(title, 1);
+        Grid.SetColumn(summary, 2);
+        return grid;
+    }
+
+    private static (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) GetPalette(SamplePluginHealthState state)
+    {
+        return state switch
+        {
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F115E59"),
+                Color.Parse("#665EEAD4"),
+                Color.Parse("#5EEAD4")),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted => (
+                Color.Parse("#291B1B"),
+                Color.Parse("#66F87171"),
+                Color.Parse("#F87171")),
+            _ => (
+                Color.Parse("#2B3A2A0D"),
+                Color.Parse("#66FBBF24"),
+                Color.Parse("#FBBF24"))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginStatusClockWidget.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginStatusClockWidget.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
+{
+    private readonly PluginDesktopComponentContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly TextBlock _timeTextBlock;
+    private readonly TextBlock _subtitleTextBlock;
+    private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel;
+    private readonly Border _statusHost;
+    private readonly List<IDisposable> _subscriptions = [];
+    private string? _instanceId;
+
+    public SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
+        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginClockService is not available.");
+        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");
+
+        _timeTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left
+        };
+        _subtitleTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBFE9FF")),
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+        _statusPanel = new StackPanel
+        {
+            Spacing = 8
+        };
+        _statusHost = new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#1F082F49")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#5538BDF8")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            Child = _statusPanel
+        };
+
+        Background = new LinearGradientBrush
+        {
+            StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+            EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+            GradientStops =
+            [
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF07111F"), 0),
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF0C4A6E"), 0.55),
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF0EA5E9"), 1)
+            ]
+        };
+        BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6648C7FF"));
+        BorderThickness = new Thickness(1);
+        HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch;
+        VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch;
+        Child = new Grid
+        {
+            RowDefinitions = new RowDefinitions("Auto,*"),
+            RowSpacing = 14,
+            Children =
+            {
+                new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 4,
+                    HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        _timeTextBlock,
+                        _subtitleTextBlock
+                    }
+                },
+                _statusHost
+            }
+        };
+
+        Grid.SetRow(((Grid)Child).Children[1], 1);
+
+        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged += OnSizeChanged;
+
+        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
+        UpdateSubtitle();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+        ApplyScale();
+    }
+
+    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_instanceId))
+        {
+            _instanceId = _stateService.RegisterComponentInstance(
+                _context.ComponentId,
+                _context.PlacementId,
+                _context.CellSize);
+        }
+
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected",
+            "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。"));
+        SubscribeToPluginBus();
+
+        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
+        UpdateSubtitle();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+    }
+
+    private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        foreach (var subscription in _subscriptions)
+        {
+            subscription.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Clear();
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_instanceId))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _stateService.UnregisterComponentInstance(_instanceId);
+        _instanceId = null;
+    }
+
+    private void OnSizeChanged(object? sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        ApplyScale();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+    }
+
+    private void SubscribeToPluginBus()
+    {
+        if (_subscriptions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginClockTickMessage>(message =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() => RefreshClock(message.CurrentTime))));
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginStateChangedMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+            {
+                UpdateSubtitle();
+                RefreshStatusPanel();
+            })));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshClock(DateTimeOffset currentTime)
+    {
+        _timeTextBlock.Text = currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateSubtitle()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        _subtitleTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_context.PlacementId)
+            ? Tf("widget.subtitle.preview", "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}", snapshot.PlacedCount)
+            : Tf("widget.subtitle.placement", "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}", _context.PlacementId!, snapshot.PlacedCount);
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshStatusPanel()
+    {
+        _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
+
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        var basis = GetLayoutBasis();
+        var titleSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.068, 11, 16);
+        var detailSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.052, 9, 13);
+
+        foreach (var entry in snapshot.StatusEntries)
+        {
+            var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
+            _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
+            {
+                Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
+                BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Border),
+                BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+                CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+                Padding = new Thickness(10, 8),
+                Child = new Grid
+                {
+                    RowDefinitions = new RowDefinitions("Auto,Auto"),
+                    ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
+                    ColumnSpacing = 8,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        new Border
+                        {
+                            Width = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.038, 8, 11),
+                            Height = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.038, 8, 11),
+                            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
+                            Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Dot),
+                            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Title,
+                            FontSize = titleSize,
+                            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Summary,
+                            FontSize = detailSize,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+                            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right,
+                            TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Right,
+                            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Detail,
+                            FontSize = detailSize,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            var row = (Grid)((Border)_statusPanel.Children[^1]).Child!;
+            Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[1], 1);
+            Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[2], 2);
+            Grid.SetColumnSpan(row.Children[3], 3);
+            Grid.SetRow(row.Children[3], 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ApplyScale()
+    {
+        var basis = GetLayoutBasis();
+        Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.09, 16, 26));
+        CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.14, 20, 34));
+        _timeTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.22, 30, 58);
+        _subtitleTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.062, 11, 17);
+        _statusHost.Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.045, 10, 18));
+        _statusHost.CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.09, 14, 22));
+        _statusPanel.Spacing = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.024, 6, 10);
+    }
+
+    private double GetLayoutBasis()
+    {
+        var width = Bounds.Width > 1 ? Bounds.Width : _context.CellSize * 4;
+        var height = Bounds.Height > 1 ? Bounds.Height : _context.CellSize * 4;
+        return Math.Max(_context.CellSize * 4, Math.Min(width, height));
+    }
+
+    private static (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) GetPalette(SamplePluginHealthState state)
+    {
+        return state switch
+        {
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F0F766E"),
+                Color.Parse("#4D5EEAD4"),
+                Color.Parse("#5EEAD4")),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted => (
+                Color.Parse("#29B91C1C"),
+                Color.Parse("#66F87171"),
+                Color.Parse("#F87171")),
+            _ => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F7C2D12"),
+                Color.Parse("#66FDBA74"),
+                Color.Parse("#FDBA74"))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/plugin.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/plugin.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "id": "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin",
+  "name": "LanMountain Sample Plugin",
+  "description": "Example plugin used to validate PluginSdk loading and isolation.",
+  "author": "LanMountainDesktop",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "apiVersion": "1.0.0",
+  "entranceAssembly": "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.dll"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 示例插件
+
+本目录用于存放阑山桌面的示例开发插件。
+
+当前示例：
+- `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`
+
+说明：
+- 这个插件是**示例开发插件**，用于演示插件项目结构、服务注册、设置页注册、桌面组件注册、`.laapp` 打包与安装流程。
+- 开发新插件时，建议直接从这个示例插件复制一份再修改。
+- 示例插件属于 `LanAirApp/` 对外开发工作区；宿主应用里的插件运行时与解析实现位于 `LanMountainDesktop/plugins/`。
--- a/LanAirApp/standards/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/standards/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 插件标准文件
+
+这里存放 LanMountainDesktop 插件开发所使用的标准模板与约定文件。
+
+当前标准：
+- 安装包扩展名：`.laapp`
+- 插件清单文件名：`plugin.json`
+- 多语言资源目录：`Localization/`
+- 建议内置语言文件：`zh-CN.json`、`en-US.json`
+
+创建新插件时，建议优先参考本目录中的模板文件。
--- a/LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "id": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin",
+  "name": "Your Plugin",
+  "description": "Describe what your plugin adds to LanMountainDesktop.",
+  "author": "Your Name",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "apiVersion": "1.0.0",
+  "entranceAssembly": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin.dll"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj
+++ b/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
--- a/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/Program.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+return await RunAsync(args);
+
+static async Task<int> RunAsync(string[] args)
+{
+    if (args.Length == 0 || args.Any(arg => string.Equals(arg, "--help", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+    {
+        PrintUsage();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    string? inputDirectory = null;
+    string? outputPath = null;
+    var overwrite = false;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+    {
+        switch (args[i])
+        {
+            case "--input":
+                inputDirectory = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--input");
+                break;
+            case "--output":
+                outputPath = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--output");
+                break;
+            case "--overwrite":
+                overwrite = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown argument '{args[i]}'.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(inputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing required argument '--input'.");
+    }
+
+    var fullInputDirectory = Path.GetFullPath(inputDirectory);
+    if (!Directory.Exists(fullInputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new DirectoryNotFoundException($"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' was not found.");
+    }
+
+    var manifestPath = Path.Combine(fullInputDirectory, PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName);
+    if (!File.Exists(manifestPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' does not contain '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}'.",
+            manifestPath);
+    }
+
+    var manifest = PluginManifest.Load(manifestPath);
+    var entranceAssemblyPath = manifest.ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(manifestPath);
+    if (!File.Exists(entranceAssemblyPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"The entrance assembly declared by '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}' was not found.",
+            entranceAssemblyPath);
+    }
+
+    outputPath ??= Path.Combine(
+        Path.GetDirectoryName(fullInputDirectory) ?? fullInputDirectory,
+        BuildPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+
+    var fullOutputPath = Path.GetFullPath(outputPath);
+    var inputDirectoryWithSeparator = EnsureTrailingSeparator(fullInputDirectory);
+    if (fullOutputPath.StartsWith(inputDirectoryWithSeparator, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("The output .laapp path cannot be placed inside the source directory.");
+    }
+
+    var destinationDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullOutputPath);
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(destinationDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to determine the output directory for the .laapp package.");
+    }
+
+    Directory.CreateDirectory(destinationDirectory);
+    if (File.Exists(fullOutputPath))
+    {
+        if (!overwrite)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"The output package '{fullOutputPath}' already exists. Pass '--overwrite' to replace it.");
+        }
+
+        File.Delete(fullOutputPath);
+    }
+
+    await Task.Run(() => ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(
+        fullInputDirectory,
+        fullOutputPath,
+        CompressionLevel.Optimal,
+        includeBaseDirectory: false));
+
+    Console.WriteLine($"Packaged '{manifest.Name}' to '{fullOutputPath}'.");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static string ReadValue(IReadOnlyList<string> args, ref int index, string optionName)
+{
+    var nextIndex = index + 1;
+    if (nextIndex >= args.Count)
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing value for '{optionName}'.");
+    }
+
+    index = nextIndex;
+    return args[nextIndex];
+}
+
+static string BuildPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+{
+    var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+    var safeName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+    return safeName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+}
+
+static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
+{
+    return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
+        ? path
+        : path + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+}
+
+static void PrintUsage()
+{
+    Console.WriteLine("LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager");
+    Console.WriteLine("Usage:");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --input <plugin build directory>   Required");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --output <path to .laapp>          Optional");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --overwrite                        Optional");
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPlugin.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPlugin.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPlugin
+{
+    void Initialize(IPluginContext context);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginContext.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginContext.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginContext
+{
+    PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
+
+    string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    string DataDirectory { get; }
+
+    IServiceProvider Services { get; }
+
+    IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> Properties { get; }
+
+    T? GetService<T>();
+
+    bool TryGetProperty<T>(string key, out T? value);
+
+    void RegisterService<TService>(TService service)
+        where TService : class;
+
+    void RegisterSettingsPage(PluginSettingsPageRegistration registration);
+
+    void RegisterDesktopComponent(PluginDesktopComponentRegistration registration);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginMessageBus.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginMessageBus.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginMessageBus
+{
+    IDisposable Subscribe<TMessage>(Action<TMessage> handler);
+
+    void Publish<TMessage>(TMessage message);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Remove="_build_verify_*\**\*.cs" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.12" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginBase.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginBase.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public abstract class PluginBase : IPlugin
+{
+    public virtual void Initialize(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentContext.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentContext.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginDesktopComponentContext
+{
+    public PluginDesktopComponentContext(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        IServiceProvider services,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties,
+        string componentId,
+        string? placementId,
+        double cellSize)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(manifest);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginDirectory);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(dataDirectory);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(services);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(properties);
+
+        Manifest = manifest;
+        PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        DataDirectory = dataDirectory;
+        Services = services;
+        Properties = properties;
+        ComponentId = componentId.Trim();
+        PlacementId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(placementId) ? null : placementId.Trim();
+        CellSize = Math.Max(1, cellSize);
+    }
+
+    public PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
+
+    public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    public string DataDirectory { get; }
+
+    public IServiceProvider Services { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> Properties { get; }
+
+    public string ComponentId { get; }
+
+    public string? PlacementId { get; }
+
+    public double CellSize { get; }
+
+    public T? GetService<T>()
+    {
+        return (T?)Services.GetService(typeof(T));
+    }
+
+    public bool TryGetProperty<T>(string key, out T? value)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+        if (Properties.TryGetValue(key, out var rawValue) && rawValue is T typedValue)
+        {
+            value = typedValue;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        value = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentRegistration.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentRegistration.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginDesktopComponentRegistration
+{
+    public PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+        string componentId,
+        string displayName,
+        Func<PluginDesktopComponentContext, Control> controlFactory,
+        string iconKey = "PuzzlePiece",
+        string category = "Plugins",
+        int minWidthCells = 2,
+        int minHeightCells = 2,
+        bool allowDesktopPlacement = true,
+        bool allowStatusBarPlacement = false,
+        PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode resizeMode = PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey = null,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(displayName);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(iconKey);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(category);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(controlFactory);
+
+        ComponentId = componentId.Trim();
+        DisplayName = displayName.Trim();
+        DisplayNameLocalizationKey = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(displayNameLocalizationKey)
+            ? null
+            : displayNameLocalizationKey.Trim();
+        ControlFactory = controlFactory;
+        IconKey = iconKey.Trim();
+        Category = category.Trim();
+        MinWidthCells = Math.Max(1, minWidthCells);
+        MinHeightCells = Math.Max(1, minHeightCells);
+        AllowDesktopPlacement = allowDesktopPlacement;
+        AllowStatusBarPlacement = allowStatusBarPlacement;
+        ResizeMode = resizeMode;
+        CornerRadiusResolver = cornerRadiusResolver;
+    }
+
+    public string ComponentId { get; }
+
+    public string DisplayName { get; }
+
+    public string? DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }
+
+    public Func<PluginDesktopComponentContext, Control> ControlFactory { get; }
+
+    public string IconKey { get; }
+
+    public string Category { get; }
+
+    public int MinWidthCells { get; }
+
+    public int MinHeightCells { get; }
+
+    public bool AllowDesktopPlacement { get; }
+
+    public bool AllowStatusBarPlacement { get; }
+
+    public PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode ResizeMode { get; }
+
+    public Func<double, double>? CornerRadiusResolver { get; }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public enum PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode
+{
+    Proportional = 0,
+    Free = 1
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginEntranceAttribute.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginEntranceAttribute.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]
+public sealed class PluginEntranceAttribute : Attribute
+{
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginHostPropertyKeys.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginHostPropertyKeys.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginHostPropertyKeys
+{
+    public const string HostApplicationName = "HostApplicationName";
+    public const string HostVersion = "HostVersion";
+    public const string PluginSdkApiVersion = "PluginSdkApiVersion";
+    public const string HostLanguageCode = "HostLanguageCode";
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLocalizer.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLocalizer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginLocalizer
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new()
+    {
+        ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Skip,
+        AllowTrailingCommas = true
+    };
+
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> _cache =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public PluginLocalizer(string pluginDirectory, string? languageCode)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginDirectory);
+
+        PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        LanguageCode = NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode);
+    }
+
+    public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    public string LanguageCode { get; }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public string GetString(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+        var primaryTable = LoadLanguageTable(LanguageCode);
+        if (primaryTable.TryGetValue(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(LanguageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var fallbackTable = LoadLanguageTable("en-US");
+            if (fallbackTable.TryGetValue(key, out value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+            {
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return fallback;
+    }
+
+    public string Format(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, GetString(key, fallback), args);
+    }
+
+    public static string NormalizeLanguageCode(string? languageCode)
+    {
+        return string.Equals(languageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? "en-US"
+            : "zh-CN";
+    }
+
+    public static string ResolveLanguageCode(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(properties);
+
+        return properties.TryGetValue(PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostLanguageCode, out var rawValue) &&
+               rawValue is string languageCode
+            ? NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode)
+            : NormalizeLanguageCode(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.Name);
+    }
+
+    private Dictionary<string, string> LoadLanguageTable(string languageCode)
+    {
+        if (_cache.TryGetValue(languageCode, out var table))
+        {
+            return table;
+        }
+
+        var result = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        try
+        {
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(PluginDirectory, "Localization", $"{languageCode}.json");
+            if (File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                var json = File.ReadAllText(filePath).TrimStart('\uFEFF');
+                var data = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(json, JsonOptions);
+                if (data is not null)
+                {
+                    result = new Dictionary<string, string>(data, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Keep empty localization table for plugin resilience.
+        }
+
+        _cache[languageCode] = result;
+        return result;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginManifest.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginManifest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed record PluginManifest(
+    string Id,
+    string Name,
+    string EntranceAssembly,
+    string? Description = null,
+    string? Author = null,
+    string? Version = null,
+    string? ApiVersion = null)
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
+    {
+        PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true,
+        ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Skip,
+        AllowTrailingCommas = true
+    };
+
+    public static PluginManifest Load(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(manifestPath);
+
+        using var stream = File.OpenRead(manifestPath);
+        return Load(stream, manifestPath);
+    }
+
+    public static PluginManifest Load(Stream stream, string sourceName)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(stream);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(sourceName);
+
+        var manifest = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<PluginManifest>(stream, SerializerOptions);
+        if (manifest is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to deserialize plugin manifest '{sourceName}'.");
+        }
+
+        return manifest.NormalizeAndValidate(sourceName);
+    }
+
+    public string ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(manifestPath);
+
+        if (Path.IsPathRooted(EntranceAssembly))
+        {
+            return Path.GetFullPath(EntranceAssembly);
+        }
+
+        var manifestDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(Path.GetFullPath(manifestPath))
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to determine the directory of '{manifestPath}'.");
+
+        return Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(manifestDirectory, EntranceAssembly));
+    }
+
+    private PluginManifest NormalizeAndValidate(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        var normalized = this with
+        {
+            Id = RequireValue(Id, nameof(Id), manifestPath),
+            Name = RequireValue(Name, nameof(Name), manifestPath),
+            EntranceAssembly = RequireValue(EntranceAssembly, nameof(EntranceAssembly), manifestPath),
+            Description = NormalizeOptionalValue(Description),
+            Author = NormalizeOptionalValue(Author),
+            Version = NormalizeOptionalValue(Version),
+            ApiVersion = NormalizeOptionalValue(ApiVersion) ?? PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion
+        };
+
+        if (!System.Version.TryParse(normalized.ApiVersion, out var requestedVersion))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' declares an invalid API version '{normalized.ApiVersion}'.");
+        }
+
+        if (!System.Version.TryParse(PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion, out var currentVersion))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Plugin SDK API version '{PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion}' is invalid.");
+        }
+
+        if (requestedVersion.Major != currentVersion.Major)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin '{normalized.Id}' targets API version '{normalized.ApiVersion}', but the host provides '{PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion}'.");
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static string RequireValue(string? value, string propertyName, string manifestPath)
+    {
+        var normalized = NormalizeOptionalValue(value);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(normalized))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' is missing required property '{propertyName}'.");
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static string? NormalizeOptionalValue(string? value)
+    {
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) ? null : value.Trim();
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSdkInfo.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSdkInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginSdkInfo
+{
+    public const string ApiVersion = "1.0.0";
+    public const string ManifestFileName = "plugin.json";
+    public const string PackageFileExtension = ".laapp";
+    public const string DataDirectoryName = "Data";
+    public const string RuntimeDirectoryName = ".runtime";
+    public const string ExtractedPackagesDirectoryName = "packages";
+    public const string PackagedDataDirectoryName = "data";
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSettingsPageRegistration.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSettingsPageRegistration.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginSettingsPageRegistration
+{
+    public PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+        string id,
+        string title,
+        Func<Control> contentFactory,
+        int sortOrder = 0)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(id);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(title);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(contentFactory);
+
+        Id = id.Trim();
+        Title = title.Trim();
+        ContentFactory = contentFactory;
+        SortOrder = sortOrder;
+    }
+
+    public string Id { get; }
+
+    public string Title { get; }
+
+    public int SortOrder { get; }
+
+    public Func<Control> ContentFactory { get; }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.sln
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.sln
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ VisualStudioVersion = 17.0.31903.59
 MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop", "LanMountainDesktop\LanMountainDesktop.csproj", "{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}"
 EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin", "LanAirApp\samples\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin\LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj", "{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager", "LanAirApp\tools\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager\LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj", "{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk", "LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj", "{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -15,5 +21,17 @@ Global
 		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
 		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{BDCD028D-DB6E-4BD5-994A-65889DBDEE0C}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{AAE8578B-1F9D-4D4F-8B2E-0A98C55B0C31}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{30A0F689-AACC-48C8-8BFE-BC7BFBA6CC55}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 	EndGlobalSection
 EndGlobal
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
                      ToolTipText="LanMountainDesktop">
                <TrayIcon.Menu>
                    <NativeMenu>
+                        <NativeMenuItem Header="设置" Click="OnTraySettingsClick" />
+                        <NativeMenuItemSeparator />
                        <NativeMenuItem Header="重启应用" Click="OnTrayRestartClick" />
                        <NativeMenuItemSeparator />
                        <NativeMenuItem Header="退出应用" Click="OnTrayExitClick" />
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.ViewModels;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Views;
@@ -15,6 +16,11 @@ namespace LanMountainDesktop;

 public partial class App : Application
 {
+    private SettingsWindow? _traySettingsWindow;
+    private PluginRuntimeService? _pluginRuntimeService;
+
+    public PluginRuntimeService? PluginRuntimeService => _pluginRuntimeService;
+
    public override void Initialize()
    {
        ConfigureWebViewUserDataFolder();
@@ -25,12 +31,14 @@ public partial class App : Application
    public override void OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted()
    {
        LinuxDesktopEntryInstaller.EnsureInstalled();
+        InitializePluginRuntime();

        if (ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
        {
            // Avoid duplicate validations from both Avalonia and the CommunityToolkit. 
            // More info: https://docs.avaloniaui.net/docs/guides/development-guides/data-validation#manage-validationplugins
            DisableAvaloniaDataAnnotationValidation();
+            desktop.ShutdownMode = Avalonia.Controls.ShutdownMode.OnExplicitShutdown;
            desktop.MainWindow = new MainWindow
            {
                DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel(),
@@ -48,47 +56,47 @@ public partial class App : Application
        }
    }

-    private void OnTrayRestartClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+    private void OnTraySettingsClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
    {
-        if (ApplicationLifetime is not IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+        if (ApplicationLifetime is not IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime)
        {
            return;
        }

-        if (TryStartCurrentProcess())
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
        {
-            desktop.Shutdown();
-        }
+            try
+            {
+                if (_traySettingsWindow is { } existingWindow && existingWindow.IsVisible)
+                {
+                    existingWindow.WindowState = Avalonia.Controls.WindowState.Normal;
+                    existingWindow.Activate();
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var settingsWindow = new SettingsWindow();
+                settingsWindow.Closed += (_, _) =>
+                {
+                    if (ReferenceEquals(_traySettingsWindow, settingsWindow))
+                    {
+                        _traySettingsWindow = null;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                _traySettingsWindow = settingsWindow;
+                settingsWindow.Show();
+                settingsWindow.Activate();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                Debug.WriteLine($"[TraySettings] Failed to open settings window: {ex}");
+            }
+        }, DispatcherPriority.Normal);
    }

-    private static bool TryStartCurrentProcess()
+    private void OnTrayRestartClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
    {
-        try
-        {
-            var args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
-            if (args.Length == 0 || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[0]))
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
-            {
-                FileName = args[0],
-                UseShellExecute = false
-            };
-
-            for (var i = 1; i < args.Length; i++)
-            {
-                startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(args[i]);
-            }
-
-            Process.Start(startInfo);
-            return true;
-        }
-        catch
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
+        AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication();
    }

    private void DisableAvaloniaDataAnnotationValidation()
@@ -130,4 +138,18 @@ public partial class App : Application
            // Keep startup resilient if user profile folders are unavailable.
        }
    }
+
+    private void InitializePluginRuntime()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            _pluginRuntimeService?.Dispose();
+            _pluginRuntimeService = new PluginRuntimeService();
+            _pluginRuntimeService.LoadInstalledPlugins();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine($"[PluginRuntime] Failed to initialize plugin runtime: {ex}");
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/ComponentRegistry.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/ComponentRegistry.cs
@@ -385,6 +385,13 @@ public sealed class ComponentRegistry
        return new ComponentRegistry(merged);
    }

+    public ComponentRegistry RegisterComponents(IEnumerable<DesktopComponentDefinition> definitions)
+    {
+        var merged = _definitions.Values.ToList();
+        merged.AddRange(definitions);
+        return new ComponentRegistry(merged);
+    }
+
    public bool TryGetDefinition(string componentId, out DesktopComponentDefinition definition)
    {
        return _definitions.TryGetValue(componentId, out definition!);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/DesktopComponentRuntimeContext.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/DesktopComponentRuntimeContext.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+
+public sealed record DesktopComponentRuntimeContext(
+    string ComponentId,
+    string? PlacementId,
+    IComponentInstanceSettingsStore ComponentSettingsStore);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentPlacementContextAware.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentPlacementContextAware.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+
+public interface IComponentPlacementContextAware
+{
+    void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentRuntimeContextAware.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentRuntimeContextAware.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+
+public interface IComponentRuntimeContextAware
+{
+    void SetComponentRuntimeContext(DesktopComponentRuntimeContext context);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentSettingsStoreAware.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentSettingsStoreAware.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+
+public interface IComponentSettingsStoreAware
+{
+    void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/LanMountainDesktop.csproj
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/LanMountainDesktop.csproj
@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@
    <None Include="Extensions\Components\*.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
  </ItemGroup>

+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.12" />
    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="11.3.12" />
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/en-US.json
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/en-US.json
@@ -237,6 +237,25 @@
    "settings.about.startup_header":  "Windows Startup",
    "settings.about.startup_desc":  "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.",
    "settings.about.startup_toggle":  "Launch at Windows sign-in",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_header":  "App Rendering Mode",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_desc":  "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.default":  "Default",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.software":  "Software",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl":  "angleEgl",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.wgl":  "WGL",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.vulkan":  "Vulkan",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.unknown":  "Unknown",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_label":  "Current actual backend",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "Current backend: {0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "Runtime implementation details are unavailable.",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "Restart now",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "Cancel",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "Restart app",
    "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop Settings",
    "filepicker.title":  "Select wallpaper",
    "filepicker.image_files":  "Image files",
@@ -268,9 +287,39 @@
    "settings.launcher.restore_button":  "Show Again",
    "settings.plugins.title":  "Plugins",
    "settings.plugins.runtime_header":  "Plugin Runtime",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "Manage plugin loading and backend isolation.",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "This page will host installed plugin management, permission review, and sandboxed backend runtime controls.",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "Plugin management UI is not connected yet. Next step is wiring the loader, permissions, and worker isolation state into this panel.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "Review plugin runtime state and load results.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_header":  "Installed Plugins",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_desc":  "Enable or disable plugins here. Detailed plugin settings appear as separate settings pages.",
+    "settings.plugins.restart_hint":  "Plugin enable state changes take effect after restarting the app.",
+    "settings.plugins.empty":  "No plugins found.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is not available.",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_format":  "Detected {0} plugin(s); enabled {1}; loaded {2}; settings pages {3}; widgets {4}; failures {5}.",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_item_format":  "{0}  v{1}  |  {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled":  "Enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled_failed":  "Enabled / failed to load",
+    "settings.plugins.state.disabled":  "Disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.state.loaded":  "Loaded",
+    "settings.plugins.state.load_failed":  "Load failed",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_on":  "Enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_off":  "Disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "Plugin '{0}' was {1} for the next launch. Restart the app to apply page and widget changes.",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "Open .laapp package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "Open a .laapp package to install it into: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "Select plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "Storage provider is unavailable.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "Failed to copy the selected .laapp package.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "Installed plugin '{0}'. Restart the app to apply newly added settings pages and widgets.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "Failed to install plugin package: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp package",
+    "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "Loose manifest",
+    "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.detail_format":  "Settings pages: {0} | Widgets: {1}",
    "button.component_library":  "Edit Desktop",
    "tooltip.component_library":  "Edit Desktop",
    "component_library.title":  "Widgets",
@@ -617,3 +666,5 @@
    "placement.center":  "Center",
    "placement.tile":  "Tile"
 }
+
+
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/zh-CN.json
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/zh-CN.json
@@ -237,6 +237,25 @@
    "settings.about.startup_header":  "Windows 自启动",
    "settings.about.startup_desc":  "在登录 Windows 时自动启动应用。",
    "settings.about.startup_toggle":  "登录 Windows 时启动",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_header":  "应用渲染模式",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_desc":  "选择应用渲染后端。更改后需要重启应用生效。不支持的模式会回退到软件渲染。",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.default":  "默认",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.software":  "软件",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl":  "angleEgl",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.wgl":  "WGL",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.vulkan":  "Vulkan",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.unknown":  "未知",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_label":  "当前实际渲染后端",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "当前后端：{0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "运行时实现：{0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "当前无法获取运行时实现信息。",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "需要重启应用，才能将渲染模式从“{0}”切换到“{1}”。是否现在重启？",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "立即重启",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "取消",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "部分更改需要在重启应用后才会生效。",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "重启应用",
    "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop 设置",
    "filepicker.title":  "选择壁纸",
    "filepicker.image_files":  "图片文件",
@@ -268,9 +287,39 @@
    "settings.launcher.restore_button":  "重新显示",
    "settings.plugins.title":  "插件",
    "settings.plugins.runtime_header":  "插件运行时",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "管理插件加载与后端隔离运行。",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "这里将承载已安装插件、权限审查和沙盒后端运行时控制。",
-    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "插件管理界面尚未接入实际数据。下一步是把加载器、权限和 worker 隔离状态接到这里。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "查看插件运行时状态、加载结果与诊断信息。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "这里展示已安装插件的发现结果、加载状态和运行时诊断信息。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "插件扫描完成后，运行时状态会显示在这里。",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_header":  "已安装插件",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_desc":  "在这里启用或禁用插件。插件自己的详细设置会作为独立设置页出现。",
+    "settings.plugins.restart_hint":  "插件启用状态变更会在重启应用后生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.empty":  "未找到插件。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用。",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_format":  "共检测到 {0} 个插件；已启用 {1} 个；已加载 {2} 个；设置页 {3} 个；组件 {4} 个；失败 {5} 个。",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_item_format":  "{0}  v{1}  |  {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled":  "已启用",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled_failed":  "已启用 / 加载失败",
+    "settings.plugins.state.disabled":  "已禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.state.loaded":  "已加载",
+    "settings.plugins.state.load_failed":  "加载失败",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_on":  "启用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_off":  "禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "插件“{0}”已在下次启动时设为{1}。重启应用后，设置页和组件变更才会生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "启用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "打开 .laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用，暂时无法安装 .laapp 插件包。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "打开一个 .laapp 插件包，安装到：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "选择插件安装包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "文件存储提供程序不可用。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "复制所选 .laapp 插件包失败。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "插件“{0}”安装完成。重启应用后，新增的设置页和组件才会生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "安装插件包失败：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp 包",
+    "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "散装清单",
+    "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.detail_format":  "设置页：{0} | 组件：{1}",
    "button.component_library":  "桌面编辑",
    "tooltip.component_library":  "桌面编辑",
    "component_library.title":  "桌面编辑",
@@ -617,3 +666,5 @@
    "placement.center":  "居中",
    "placement.tile":  "平铺"
 }
+
+
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/AppSettingsSnapshot.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/AppSettingsSnapshot.cs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot

    public int SettingsTabIndex { get; set; } = 0;

+    public string? SettingsTabTag { get; set; }
+
    public string LanguageCode { get; set; } = "zh-CN";

    public string? TimeZoneId { get; set; }
@@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot

    public bool AutoStartWithWindows { get; set; }

+    public string AppRenderMode { get; set; } = "Default";
+
    public bool AutoCheckUpdates { get; set; } = true;

    public bool IncludePrereleaseUpdates { get; set; }
@@ -70,15 +74,7 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot

    public int StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent { get; set; } = 12;

-    public int DesktopPageCount { get; set; } = 1;
-
-    public int CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex { get; set; } = 0;
-
-    public List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot> DesktopComponentPlacements { get; set; } = [];
-
-    public List<string> HiddenLauncherFolderPaths { get; set; } = [];
-
-    public List<string> HiddenLauncherAppPaths { get; set; } = [];
+    public List<string> DisabledPluginIds { get; set; } = [];

    public AppSettingsSnapshot Clone()
    {
@@ -90,35 +86,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot
        clone.PinnedTaskbarActions = PinnedTaskbarActions is { Count: > 0 }
            ? new List<string>(PinnedTaskbarActions)
            : [];
-
-        var placements = new List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot>(DesktopComponentPlacements?.Count ?? 0);
-        if (DesktopComponentPlacements is not null)
-        {
-            foreach (var placement in DesktopComponentPlacements)
-            {
-                if (placement is null)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                placements.Add(new DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot
-                {
-                    PlacementId = placement.PlacementId,
-                    PageIndex = placement.PageIndex,
-                    ComponentId = placement.ComponentId,
-                    Row = placement.Row,
-                    Column = placement.Column,
-                    WidthCells = placement.WidthCells,
-                    HeightCells = placement.HeightCells
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        clone.DesktopComponentPlacements = placements;
-        clone.HiddenLauncherFolderPaths = HiddenLauncherFolderPaths is { Count: > 0 }
-            ? new List<string>(HiddenLauncherFolderPaths)
-            : [];
-        clone.HiddenLauncherAppPaths = HiddenLauncherAppPaths is { Count: > 0 }
-            ? new List<string>(HiddenLauncherAppPaths)
+        clone.DisabledPluginIds = DisabledPluginIds is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new List<string>(DisabledPluginIds)
            : [];

        return clone;
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public sealed class DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot
+{
+    public int DesktopPageCount { get; set; } = 1;
+
+    public int CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex { get; set; }
+
+    public List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot> DesktopComponentPlacements { get; set; } = [];
+
+    public DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot Clone()
+    {
+        var clone = (DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot)MemberwiseClone();
+        var placements = new List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot>(DesktopComponentPlacements?.Count ?? 0);
+
+        if (DesktopComponentPlacements is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (var placement in DesktopComponentPlacements)
+            {
+                if (placement is null)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                placements.Add(new DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot
+                {
+                    PlacementId = placement.PlacementId,
+                    PageIndex = placement.PageIndex,
+                    ComponentId = placement.ComponentId,
+                    Row = placement.Row,
+                    Column = placement.Column,
+                    WidthCells = placement.WidthCells,
+                    HeightCells = placement.HeightCells
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        clone.DesktopComponentPlacements = placements;
+        return clone;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/LauncherSettingsSnapshot.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/LauncherSettingsSnapshot.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public sealed class LauncherSettingsSnapshot
+{
+    public List<string> HiddenLauncherFolderPaths { get; set; } = [];
+
+    public List<string> HiddenLauncherAppPaths { get; set; } = [];
+
+    public LauncherSettingsSnapshot Clone()
+    {
+        var clone = (LauncherSettingsSnapshot)MemberwiseClone();
+        clone.HiddenLauncherFolderPaths = HiddenLauncherFolderPaths is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new List<string>(HiddenLauncherFolderPaths)
+            : [];
+        clone.HiddenLauncherAppPaths = HiddenLauncherAppPaths is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new List<string>(HiddenLauncherAppPaths)
+            : [];
+        return clone;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Program.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Program.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.WebView.Desktop;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using System;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop;
@@ -10,14 +11,42 @@ sealed class Program
    // SynchronizationContext-reliant code before AppMain is called: things aren't initialized
    // yet and stuff might break.
    [STAThread]
-    public static void Main(string[] args) => BuildAvaloniaApp()
+    public static void Main(string[] args) => BuildAvaloniaApp(LoadConfiguredRenderMode())
        .StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(args);

    // Avalonia configuration, don't remove; also used by visual designer.
-    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp()
-        => AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
+    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp(string renderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default)
+    {
+        var builder = AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
            .UsePlatformDetect()
            .UseDesktopWebView()
            .WithInterFont()
            .LogToTrace();
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            var configuredModes = AppRenderingModeHelper.GetWin32RenderingModes(renderMode);
+            if (configuredModes is { Length: > 0 })
+            {
+                builder = builder.With(new Win32PlatformOptions
+                {
+                    RenderingMode = configuredModes
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    private static string LoadConfiguredRenderMode()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(new AppSettingsService().Load().AppRenderMode);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public readonly record struct AppRenderBackendInfo(
+    string ActualBackend,
+    string? ImplementationTypeName);
+
+public static class AppRenderBackendDiagnostics
+{
+    public const string Unknown = "Unknown";
+
+    public static AppRenderBackendInfo Detect()
+    {
+        var platformGraphics = GetPlatformGraphics();
+        var implementationTypeName = platformGraphics?.GetType().FullName;
+        var actualBackend = DetectBackendFromImplementationType(implementationTypeName, platformGraphics is null);
+
+        return new AppRenderBackendInfo(actualBackend, implementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private static object? GetPlatformGraphics()
+    {
+        var currentResolver = typeof(AvaloniaLocator)
+            .GetProperty("Current", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static)
+            ?.GetValue(null);
+
+        var getServiceMethod = currentResolver?
+            .GetType()
+            .GetMethod(
+                "GetService",
+                BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance,
+                binder: null,
+                types: [typeof(Type)],
+                modifiers: null);
+
+        return getServiceMethod?.Invoke(currentResolver, [typeof(IPlatformGraphics)]);
+    }
+
+    private static string DetectBackendFromImplementationType(string? implementationTypeName, bool isSoftwareFallback)
+    {
+        if (isSoftwareFallback)
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Software;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(implementationTypeName))
+        {
+            return Unknown;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Vulkan", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Wgl", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Angle", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+            implementationTypeName.Contains("Egl", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl;
+        }
+
+        return Unknown;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderingModeHelper.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderingModeHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using Avalonia;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppRenderingModeHelper
+{
+    public const string Default = "Default";
+    public const string Software = "Software";
+    public const string AngleEgl = "AngleEgl";
+    public const string Wgl = "Wgl";
+    public const string Vulkan = "Vulkan";
+
+    public static string Normalize(string? value)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return Default;
+        }
+
+        return value.Trim().ToUpperInvariant() switch
+        {
+            "SOFTWARE" => Software,
+            "ANGLEEGL" => AngleEgl,
+            "ANGLE_EGL" => AngleEgl,
+            "WGL" => Wgl,
+            "VULKAN" => Vulkan,
+            _ => Default
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static Win32RenderingMode[]? GetWin32RenderingModes(string? value)
+    {
+        return Normalize(value) switch
+        {
+            Software => [Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            AngleEgl => [Win32RenderingMode.AngleEgl, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            Wgl => [Win32RenderingMode.Wgl, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            Vulkan => [Win32RenderingMode.Vulkan, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            _ => null
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRestartService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRestartService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppRestartService
+{
+    public static bool TryRestartApplication()
+    {
+        if (!TryRestartCurrentProcess())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Application.Current?.ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+        {
+            desktop.Shutdown();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TryRestartCurrentProcess()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var startInfo = CreateRestartStartInfo();
+            if (startInfo is null)
+            {
+                Debug.WriteLine("[AppRestart] Failed to resolve restart start info.");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Process.Start(startInfo);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine($"[AppRestart] Failed to restart app: {ex}");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static ProcessStartInfo? CreateRestartStartInfo(
+        string[]? commandLineArgs = null,
+        string? processPath = null,
+        string? entryAssemblyLocation = null)
+    {
+        var args = commandLineArgs ?? Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
+        var resolvedProcessPath = NormalizeExistingPath(processPath ?? Environment.ProcessPath);
+        var resolvedEntryAssemblyPath = NormalizeExistingPath(
+            entryAssemblyLocation ?? Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.Location);
+
+        if (IsDotnetHost(resolvedProcessPath))
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+                resolvedProcessPath!,
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resolvedProcessPath))
+        {
+            return CreateExecutableStartInfo(
+                resolvedProcessPath,
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resolvedEntryAssemblyPath) &&
+            string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(resolvedEntryAssemblyPath), ".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+                "dotnet",
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static ProcessStartInfo CreateExecutableStartInfo(
+        string executablePath,
+        string? entryAssemblyPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+        {
+            FileName = executablePath,
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = ResolveWorkingDirectory(executablePath, entryAssemblyPath)
+        };
+
+        AppendArguments(startInfo, commandLineArgs);
+        return startInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static ProcessStartInfo? CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+        string dotnetHostPath,
+        string? entryAssemblyPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entryAssemblyPath))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+        {
+            FileName = dotnetHostPath,
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = ResolveWorkingDirectory(dotnetHostPath, entryAssemblyPath)
+        };
+
+        startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(entryAssemblyPath);
+        AppendArguments(startInfo, commandLineArgs);
+        return startInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static void AppendArguments(ProcessStartInfo startInfo, IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        for (var i = 1; i < commandLineArgs.Count; i++)
+        {
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(commandLineArgs[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string? NormalizeExistingPath(string? path)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var fullPath = Path.GetFullPath(path);
+            return File.Exists(fullPath) ? fullPath : null;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsDotnetHost(string? processPath)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(processPath))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var fileName = Path.GetFileName(processPath);
+        return string.Equals(fileName, "dotnet", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+               string.Equals(fileName, "dotnet.exe", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveWorkingDirectory(string launchPath, string? entryAssemblyPath)
+    {
+        var basePath = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entryAssemblyPath)
+            ? entryAssemblyPath
+            : launchPath;
+
+        return Path.GetDirectoryName(basePath) ?? AppContext.BaseDirectory;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppSettingsService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppSettingsService.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 public sealed class AppSettingsService
 {
+    public static event Action<string>? SettingsSaved;
+
    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
    {
        WriteIndented = true
@@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsService

    private readonly string _settingsPath;

+    public string InstanceId { get; } = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+
    public AppSettingsService()
    {
        var appData = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData);
@@ -88,6 +92,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsService
            {
                UpdateCache(snapshotToPersist, writeTimeUtc, DateTime.UtcNow);
            }
+
+            SettingsSaved?.Invoke(InstanceId);
        }
        catch
        {
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/ComponentSettingsService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/ComponentSettingsService.cs
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
 using System.Text.Json;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;

-public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
+public sealed class ComponentSettingsService : IComponentInstanceSettingsStore
 {
    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
    {
@@ -18,12 +19,14 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
    private static readonly TimeSpan CacheProbeInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(400);

    private static string? _cachedPath;
-    private static ComponentSettingsSnapshot? _cachedSnapshot;
+    private static ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot? _cachedSnapshot;
    private static DateTime _cachedWriteTimeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
    private static DateTime _lastProbeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;

    private readonly string _settingsPath;
    private readonly string _legacyAppSettingsPath;
+    private string _scopedComponentId = string.Empty;
+    private string _scopedPlacementId = string.Empty;

    public ComponentSettingsService()
    {
@@ -35,51 +38,17 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService

    public ComponentSettingsSnapshot Load()
    {
+        if (HasScopedComponentContext())
+        {
+            return LoadForComponent(_scopedComponentId, _scopedPlacementId);
+        }
+
        try
        {
            lock (CacheGate)
            {
-                var nowUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
-                if (TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(nowUtc, out var cached))
-                {
-                    return cached;
-                }
-
-                var hasFile = File.Exists(_settingsPath);
-                var writeTimeUtc = hasFile
-                    ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
-                    : DateTime.MinValue;
-
-                _lastProbeUtc = nowUtc;
-                if (TryGetCachedAfterProbe(writeTimeUtc, out cached))
-                {
-                    return cached;
-                }
-
-                ComponentSettingsSnapshot loadedSnapshot;
-                var loadedFromLegacy = false;
-                if (hasFile)
-                {
-                    loadedSnapshot = LoadSnapshotFromDisk();
-                }
-                else if (TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out var migratedSnapshot))
-                {
-                    loadedSnapshot = migratedSnapshot;
-                    loadedFromLegacy = true;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    loadedSnapshot = new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
-                }
-
-                var normalizedSnapshot = NormalizeSnapshot(loadedSnapshot);
-                if (loadedFromLegacy)
-                {
-                    writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(normalizedSnapshot);
-                }
-
-                UpdateCache(normalizedSnapshot, writeTimeUtc, nowUtc);
-                return normalizedSnapshot.Clone();
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                return document.DefaultSettings.Clone();
            }
        }
        catch
@@ -90,15 +59,21 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService

    public void Save(ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
    {
+        if (HasScopedComponentContext())
+        {
+            SaveForComponent(_scopedComponentId, _scopedPlacementId, snapshot);
+            return;
+        }
+
        var snapshotToPersist = NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);

        try
        {
-            var writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(snapshotToPersist);
-
            lock (CacheGate)
            {
-                UpdateCache(snapshotToPersist, writeTimeUtc, DateTime.UtcNow);
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                document.DefaultSettings = snapshotToPersist;
+                PersistDocumentLocked(document);
            }
        }
        catch
@@ -107,7 +82,201 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
        }
    }

-    private bool TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(DateTime nowUtc, out ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    public ComponentSettingsSnapshot LoadForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey) &&
+                    document.InstanceSettings.TryGetValue(instanceKey, out var snapshot))
+                {
+                    return snapshot.Clone();
+                }
+
+                return document.DefaultSettings.Clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SaveForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId, ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var normalizedSnapshot = NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+        var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey))
+        {
+            Save(normalizedSnapshot);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                document.InstanceSettings[instanceKey] = normalizedSnapshot;
+                PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Swallow persistence errors to keep UI interactions uninterrupted.
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void DeleteForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                var changed = document.InstanceSettings.Remove(instanceKey);
+                changed |= document.PluginSettings.Remove(instanceKey);
+                if (changed)
+                {
+                    PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Swallow persistence errors to keep UI interactions uninterrupted.
+        }
+    }
+
+    public T LoadPluginSettings<T>(string componentId, string? placementId) where T : new()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey) ||
+                    !document.PluginSettings.TryGetValue(instanceKey, out var settingsElement))
+                {
+                    return new T();
+                }
+
+                return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(settingsElement.GetRawText(), SerializerOptions) ?? new T();
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return new T();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SavePluginSettings<T>(string componentId, string? placementId, T settings)
+    {
+        var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                document.PluginSettings[instanceKey] = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(settings, SerializerOptions).Clone();
+                PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Swallow persistence errors to keep UI interactions uninterrupted.
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void DeletePluginSettings(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                if (document.PluginSettings.Remove(instanceKey))
+                {
+                    PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Swallow persistence errors to keep UI interactions uninterrupted.
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SetScopedComponentContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _scopedComponentId = componentId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        _scopedPlacementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    public void ClearScopedComponentContext()
+    {
+        _scopedComponentId = string.Empty;
+        _scopedPlacementId = string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    public static void ApplyScopedContextToTarget(object? target, string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        if (target is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic;
+        foreach (var field in target.GetType().GetFields(flags))
+        {
+            if (field.FieldType != typeof(ComponentSettingsService))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (field.GetValue(target) is ComponentSettingsService settingsService)
+            {
+                settingsService.SetScopedComponentContext(componentId, placementId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach (var property in target.GetType().GetProperties(flags))
+        {
+            if (property.PropertyType != typeof(ComponentSettingsService) ||
+                !property.CanRead)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (property.GetValue(target) is ComponentSettingsService settingsService)
+            {
+                settingsService.SetScopedComponentContext(componentId, placementId);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(DateTime nowUtc, out ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
@@ -121,7 +290,7 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
        return false;
    }

-    private bool TryGetCachedAfterProbe(DateTime writeTimeUtc, out ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    private bool TryGetCachedAfterProbe(DateTime writeTimeUtc, out ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
@@ -135,17 +304,78 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
        return false;
    }

-    private ComponentSettingsSnapshot LoadSnapshotFromDisk()
+    private ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot LoadDocumentLocked()
+    {
+        var nowUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        if (TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(nowUtc, out var cached))
+        {
+            return cached;
+        }
+
+        var hasFile = File.Exists(_settingsPath);
+        var writeTimeUtc = hasFile
+            ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+            : DateTime.MinValue;
+
+        _lastProbeUtc = nowUtc;
+        if (TryGetCachedAfterProbe(writeTimeUtc, out cached))
+        {
+            return cached;
+        }
+
+        ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot loadedSnapshot;
+        var loadedFromLegacy = false;
+        if (hasFile)
+        {
+            loadedSnapshot = LoadSnapshotFromDisk();
+        }
+        else if (TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out var migratedSnapshot))
+        {
+            loadedSnapshot = new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot
+            {
+                DefaultSettings = NormalizeSnapshot(migratedSnapshot)
+            };
+            loadedFromLegacy = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            loadedSnapshot = new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot();
+        }
+
+        var normalizedSnapshot = NormalizeDocument(loadedSnapshot);
+        if (loadedFromLegacy)
+        {
+            writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(normalizedSnapshot);
+        }
+
+        UpdateCache(normalizedSnapshot, writeTimeUtc, nowUtc);
+        return normalizedSnapshot.Clone();
+    }
+
+    private ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot LoadSnapshotFromDisk()
    {
        try
        {
            var json = File.ReadAllText(_settingsPath);
-            var snapshot = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentSettingsSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions);
-            return NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+            using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(json);
+            if (document.RootElement.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object &&
+                (document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("defaultSettings", out _) ||
+                 document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("instanceSettings", out _) ||
+                 document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("pluginSettings", out _)))
+            {
+                var snapshot = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions);
+                return NormalizeDocument(snapshot);
+            }
+
+            var legacySnapshot = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentSettingsSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions);
+            return new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot
+            {
+                DefaultSettings = NormalizeSnapshot(legacySnapshot)
+            };
        }
        catch
        {
-            return new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
+            return new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot();
        }
    }

@@ -204,7 +434,13 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
        }
    }

-    private DateTime PersistSnapshotToDisk(ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    private void PersistDocumentLocked(ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(snapshot);
+        UpdateCache(snapshot, writeTimeUtc, DateTime.UtcNow);
+    }
+
+    private DateTime PersistSnapshotToDisk(ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(_settingsPath);
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(directory))
@@ -257,6 +493,40 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
        return normalized;
    }

+    private static ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot NormalizeDocument(ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot? snapshot)
+    {
+        var normalized = snapshot?.Clone() ?? new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot();
+        normalized.DefaultSettings = NormalizeSnapshot(normalized.DefaultSettings);
+
+        var instanceSettings = new Dictionary<string, ComponentSettingsSnapshot>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        foreach (var pair in normalized.InstanceSettings)
+        {
+            var key = NormalizeInstanceKey(pair.Key);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            instanceSettings[key] = NormalizeSnapshot(pair.Value);
+        }
+
+        var pluginSettings = new Dictionary<string, JsonElement>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        foreach (var pair in normalized.PluginSettings)
+        {
+            var key = NormalizeInstanceKey(pair.Key);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            pluginSettings[key] = pair.Value.Clone();
+        }
+
+        normalized.InstanceSettings = instanceSettings;
+        normalized.PluginSettings = pluginSettings;
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
    private static List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot> NormalizeImportedSchedules(
        IReadOnlyList<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot>? schedules)
    {
@@ -360,7 +630,30 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
        return RefreshIntervalCatalog.Normalize(minutes, 20);
    }

-    private void UpdateCache(ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot, DateTime writeTimeUtc, DateTime probeTimeUtc)
+    private static string BuildInstanceKey(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        var normalizedComponentId = componentId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        var normalizedPlacementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(normalizedComponentId) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(normalizedPlacementId))
+        {
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+
+        return $"{normalizedComponentId}::{normalizedPlacementId}";
+    }
+
+    private static string NormalizeInstanceKey(string? key)
+    {
+        return key?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    private bool HasScopedComponentContext()
+    {
+        return !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_scopedComponentId) &&
+               !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_scopedPlacementId);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateCache(ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot, DateTime writeTimeUtc, DateTime probeTimeUtc)
    {
        _cachedPath = _settingsPath;
        _cachedSnapshot = snapshot.Clone();
@@ -368,6 +661,39 @@ public sealed class ComponentSettingsService
        _lastProbeUtc = probeTimeUtc;
    }

+    private sealed class ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot
+    {
+        public ComponentSettingsSnapshot DefaultSettings { get; set; } = new();
+
+        public Dictionary<string, ComponentSettingsSnapshot> InstanceSettings { get; set; } =
+            new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        public Dictionary<string, JsonElement> PluginSettings { get; set; } =
+            new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        public ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot
+            {
+                DefaultSettings = DefaultSettings?.Clone() ?? new ComponentSettingsSnapshot(),
+                InstanceSettings = new Dictionary<string, ComponentSettingsSnapshot>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase),
+                PluginSettings = new Dictionary<string, JsonElement>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            };
+
+            foreach (var pair in InstanceSettings)
+            {
+                clone.InstanceSettings[pair.Key] = pair.Value?.Clone() ?? new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
+            }
+
+            foreach (var pair in PluginSettings)
+            {
+                clone.PluginSettings[pair.Key] = pair.Value.Clone();
+            }
+
+            return clone;
+        }
+    }
+
    private sealed class LegacyComponentSettingsSnapshot
    {
        public string DailyArtworkMirrorSource { get; set; } = DailyArtworkMirrorSources.Overseas;
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem.Extensions;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class DesktopComponentRegistryFactory
+{
+    public static ComponentRegistry Create(PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var registry = ComponentRegistry
+            .CreateDefault()
+            .RegisterExtensions(
+                JsonComponentExtensionProvider.LoadProvidersFromDirectory(
+                    Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Extensions", "Components")));
+
+        var pluginDefinitions = GetPluginDefinitions(registry, pluginRuntimeService);
+        return pluginDefinitions.Count == 0
+            ? registry
+            : registry.RegisterComponents(pluginDefinitions);
+    }
+
+    public static DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry CreateRuntimeRegistry(
+        ComponentRegistry componentRegistry,
+        PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var registrations = DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry.GetDefaultRegistrations().ToList();
+        var registeredIds = new HashSet<string>(
+            registrations.Select(registration => registration.ComponentId),
+            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        if (pluginRuntimeService is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (var contribution in pluginRuntimeService.DesktopComponents)
+            {
+                var registration = contribution.Registration;
+                if (!componentRegistry.TryGetDefinition(registration.ComponentId, out _))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!registeredIds.Add(registration.ComponentId))
+                {
+                    Debug.WriteLine(
+                        $"[PluginRuntime] Skipped plugin widget '{registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}' because a runtime registration already exists.");
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                registrations.Add(new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
+                    registration.ComponentId,
+                    registration.DisplayNameLocalizationKey,
+                    factoryContext => CreatePluginControl(contribution, factoryContext),
+                    registration.CornerRadiusResolver));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry(componentRegistry, registrations);
+    }
+
+    private static List<DesktopComponentDefinition> GetPluginDefinitions(
+        ComponentRegistry baseRegistry,
+        PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var definitions = new List<DesktopComponentDefinition>();
+        if (pluginRuntimeService is null)
+        {
+            return definitions;
+        }
+
+        var knownIds = new HashSet<string>(
+            baseRegistry.GetAll().Select(definition => definition.Id),
+            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        foreach (var contribution in pluginRuntimeService.DesktopComponents)
+        {
+            var registration = contribution.Registration;
+            if (!knownIds.Add(registration.ComponentId))
+            {
+                Debug.WriteLine(
+                    $"[PluginRuntime] Skipped plugin widget '{registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}' because the component id already exists.");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            definitions.Add(new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                registration.ComponentId,
+                registration.DisplayName,
+                registration.IconKey,
+                registration.Category,
+                registration.MinWidthCells,
+                registration.MinHeightCells,
+                registration.AllowStatusBarPlacement,
+                registration.AllowDesktopPlacement,
+                registration.ResizeMode == PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Free
+                    ? DesktopComponentResizeMode.Free
+                    : DesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional));
+        }
+
+        return definitions;
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreatePluginControl(
+        PluginDesktopComponentContribution contribution,
+        DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext context)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var pluginContext = new PluginDesktopComponentContext(
+                contribution.Plugin.Manifest,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.PluginDirectory,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.DataDirectory,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.Services,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.Properties,
+                contribution.Registration.ComponentId,
+                context.PlacementId,
+                context.CellSize);
+
+            return contribution.Registration.ControlFactory(pluginContext);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine(
+                $"[PluginRuntime] Failed to create widget '{contribution.Registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}': {ex}");
+            return CreatePluginErrorControl(contribution, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreatePluginErrorControl(
+        PluginDesktopComponentContribution contribution,
+        Exception exception)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#332B0F16")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#66F97316")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(16),
+            Padding = new Thickness(12),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 6,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = contribution.Registration.DisplayName,
+                        FontSize = 14,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = $"Plugin {contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name} failed to create this widget.",
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = exception.Message,
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopLayoutSettingsService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopLayoutSettingsService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public sealed class DesktopLayoutSettingsService
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
+    {
+        WriteIndented = true
+    };
+    private static readonly object CacheGate = new();
+    private static readonly TimeSpan CacheProbeInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(400);
+
+    private static string? _cachedPath;
+    private static DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot? _cachedSnapshot;
+    private static DateTime _cachedWriteTimeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+    private static DateTime _lastProbeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+
+    private readonly string _settingsPath;
+    private readonly string _legacyAppSettingsPath;
+
+    public DesktopLayoutSettingsService()
+    {
+        var appData = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData);
+        var settingsDirectory = Path.Combine(appData, "LanMountainDesktop");
+        _settingsPath = Path.Combine(settingsDirectory, "desktop-layout-settings.json");
+        _legacyAppSettingsPath = Path.Combine(settingsDirectory, "settings.json");
+    }
+
+    public DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot Load()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var nowUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
+                if (TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(nowUtc, out var cached))
+                {
+                    return cached;
+                }
+
+                var hasFile = File.Exists(_settingsPath);
+                var writeTimeUtc = hasFile
+                    ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+                    : DateTime.MinValue;
+
+                _lastProbeUtc = nowUtc;
+                if (TryGetCachedAfterProbe(writeTimeUtc, out cached))
+                {
+                    return cached;
+                }
+
+                DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot loadedSnapshot;
+                var loadedFromLegacy = false;
+                if (hasFile)
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = LoadSnapshotFromDisk();
+                }
+                else if (TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out var migratedSnapshot))
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = migratedSnapshot;
+                    loadedFromLegacy = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+                }
+
+                var normalizedSnapshot = NormalizeSnapshot(loadedSnapshot);
+                if (loadedFromLegacy)
+                {
+                    writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(normalizedSnapshot);
+                }
+
+                UpdateCache(normalizedSnapshot, writeTimeUtc, nowUtc);
+                return normalizedSnapshot.Clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Save(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var snapshotToPersist = NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+
+        try
+        {
+            var writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(snapshotToPersist);
+
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                UpdateCache(snapshotToPersist, writeTimeUtc, DateTime.UtcNow);
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Swallow persistence errors to keep UI interactions uninterrupted.
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(DateTime nowUtc, out DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
+            nowUtc - _lastProbeUtc < CacheProbeInterval)
+        {
+            snapshot = _cachedSnapshot.Clone();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        snapshot = null!;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedAfterProbe(DateTime writeTimeUtc, out DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
+            writeTimeUtc == _cachedWriteTimeUtc)
+        {
+            snapshot = _cachedSnapshot.Clone();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        snapshot = null!;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot LoadSnapshotFromDisk()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var json = File.ReadAllText(_settingsPath);
+            var snapshot = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions);
+            return NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        snapshot = new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (!File.Exists(_legacyAppSettingsPath))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var legacyJson = File.ReadAllText(_legacyAppSettingsPath);
+            var legacy = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LegacyDesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot>(legacyJson, SerializerOptions);
+            if (legacy is null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            snapshot = new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot
+            {
+                DesktopPageCount = legacy.DesktopPageCount,
+                CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex = legacy.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex,
+                DesktopComponentPlacements = legacy.DesktopComponentPlacements ?? []
+            };
+
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private DateTime PersistSnapshotToDisk(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(_settingsPath);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(directory))
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+        }
+
+        var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(snapshot, SerializerOptions);
+        File.WriteAllText(_settingsPath, json);
+
+        return File.Exists(_settingsPath)
+            ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+            : DateTime.UtcNow;
+    }
+
+    private static DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot NormalizeSnapshot(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot? snapshot)
+    {
+        var normalized = snapshot?.Clone() ?? new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+        normalized.DesktopPageCount = Math.Max(1, normalized.DesktopPageCount);
+        normalized.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex = Math.Max(0, normalized.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex);
+
+        var placements = new List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot>(normalized.DesktopComponentPlacements?.Count ?? 0);
+        if (normalized.DesktopComponentPlacements is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (var placement in normalized.DesktopComponentPlacements)
+            {
+                if (placement is null)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                placements.Add(new DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot
+                {
+                    PlacementId = placement.PlacementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty,
+                    PageIndex = Math.Max(0, placement.PageIndex),
+                    ComponentId = placement.ComponentId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty,
+                    Row = Math.Max(0, placement.Row),
+                    Column = Math.Max(0, placement.Column),
+                    WidthCells = Math.Max(1, placement.WidthCells),
+                    HeightCells = Math.Max(1, placement.HeightCells)
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        normalized.DesktopComponentPlacements = placements;
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateCache(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot, DateTime writeTimeUtc, DateTime probeTimeUtc)
+    {
+        _cachedPath = _settingsPath;
+        _cachedSnapshot = snapshot.Clone();
+        _cachedWriteTimeUtc = writeTimeUtc;
+        _lastProbeUtc = probeTimeUtc;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class LegacyDesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot
+    {
+        public int DesktopPageCount { get; set; } = 1;
+
+        public int CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex { get; set; }
+
+        public List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot>? DesktopComponentPlacements { get; set; }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/IComponentInstanceSettingsStore.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/IComponentInstanceSettingsStore.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public interface IComponentInstanceSettingsStore
+{
+    ComponentSettingsSnapshot Load();
+
+    void Save(ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot);
+
+    ComponentSettingsSnapshot LoadForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId);
+
+    void SaveForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId, ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot);
+
+    void DeleteForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId);
+
+    T LoadPluginSettings<T>(string componentId, string? placementId) where T : new();
+
+    void SavePluginSettings<T>(string componentId, string? placementId, T settings);
+
+    void DeletePluginSettings(string componentId, string? placementId);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/LauncherSettingsService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/LauncherSettingsService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public sealed class LauncherSettingsService
+{
+    public static event Action<string>? SettingsSaved;
+
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
+    {
+        WriteIndented = true
+    };
+    private static readonly object CacheGate = new();
+    private static readonly TimeSpan CacheProbeInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(400);
+
+    private static string? _cachedPath;
+    private static LauncherSettingsSnapshot? _cachedSnapshot;
+    private static DateTime _cachedWriteTimeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+    private static DateTime _lastProbeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+
+    private readonly string _settingsPath;
+    private readonly string _legacyAppSettingsPath;
+
+    public string InstanceId { get; } = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+
+    public LauncherSettingsService()
+    {
+        var appData = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData);
+        var settingsDirectory = Path.Combine(appData, "LanMountainDesktop");
+        _settingsPath = Path.Combine(settingsDirectory, "launcher-settings.json");
+        _legacyAppSettingsPath = Path.Combine(settingsDirectory, "settings.json");
+    }
+
+    public LauncherSettingsSnapshot Load()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var nowUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
+                if (TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(nowUtc, out var cached))
+                {
+                    return cached;
+                }
+
+                var hasFile = File.Exists(_settingsPath);
+                var writeTimeUtc = hasFile
+                    ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+                    : DateTime.MinValue;
+
+                _lastProbeUtc = nowUtc;
+                if (TryGetCachedAfterProbe(writeTimeUtc, out cached))
+                {
+                    return cached;
+                }
+
+                LauncherSettingsSnapshot loadedSnapshot;
+                var loadedFromLegacy = false;
+                if (hasFile)
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = LoadSnapshotFromDisk();
+                }
+                else if (TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out var migratedSnapshot))
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = migratedSnapshot;
+                    loadedFromLegacy = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = new LauncherSettingsSnapshot();
+                }
+
+                var normalizedSnapshot = NormalizeSnapshot(loadedSnapshot);
+                if (loadedFromLegacy)
+                {
+                    writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(normalizedSnapshot);
+                }
+
+                UpdateCache(normalizedSnapshot, writeTimeUtc, nowUtc);
+                return normalizedSnapshot.Clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return new LauncherSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Save(LauncherSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var snapshotToPersist = NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+
+        try
+        {
+            var writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(snapshotToPersist);
+
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                UpdateCache(snapshotToPersist, writeTimeUtc, DateTime.UtcNow);
+            }
+
+            SettingsSaved?.Invoke(InstanceId);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Swallow persistence errors to keep UI interactions uninterrupted.
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(DateTime nowUtc, out LauncherSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
+            nowUtc - _lastProbeUtc < CacheProbeInterval)
+        {
+            snapshot = _cachedSnapshot.Clone();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        snapshot = null!;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedAfterProbe(DateTime writeTimeUtc, out LauncherSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
+            writeTimeUtc == _cachedWriteTimeUtc)
+        {
+            snapshot = _cachedSnapshot.Clone();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        snapshot = null!;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private LauncherSettingsSnapshot LoadSnapshotFromDisk()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var json = File.ReadAllText(_settingsPath);
+            var snapshot = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LauncherSettingsSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions);
+            return NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return new LauncherSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out LauncherSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        snapshot = new LauncherSettingsSnapshot();
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (!File.Exists(_legacyAppSettingsPath))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var legacyJson = File.ReadAllText(_legacyAppSettingsPath);
+            var legacy = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LegacyLauncherSettingsSnapshot>(legacyJson, SerializerOptions);
+            if (legacy is null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            snapshot = new LauncherSettingsSnapshot
+            {
+                HiddenLauncherFolderPaths = legacy.HiddenLauncherFolderPaths ?? [],
+                HiddenLauncherAppPaths = legacy.HiddenLauncherAppPaths ?? []
+            };
+
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private DateTime PersistSnapshotToDisk(LauncherSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(_settingsPath);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(directory))
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+        }
+
+        var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(snapshot, SerializerOptions);
+        File.WriteAllText(_settingsPath, json);
+
+        return File.Exists(_settingsPath)
+            ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+            : DateTime.UtcNow;
+    }
+
+    private static LauncherSettingsSnapshot NormalizeSnapshot(LauncherSettingsSnapshot? snapshot)
+    {
+        var normalized = snapshot?.Clone() ?? new LauncherSettingsSnapshot();
+        normalized.HiddenLauncherFolderPaths = NormalizeKeys(normalized.HiddenLauncherFolderPaths);
+        normalized.HiddenLauncherAppPaths = NormalizeKeys(normalized.HiddenLauncherAppPaths);
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static List<string> NormalizeKeys(IReadOnlyList<string>? values)
+    {
+        if (values is null || values.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        return values
+            .Where(value => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+            .Select(value => value.Trim())
+            .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .OrderBy(value => value, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToList();
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateCache(LauncherSettingsSnapshot snapshot, DateTime writeTimeUtc, DateTime probeTimeUtc)
+    {
+        _cachedPath = _settingsPath;
+        _cachedSnapshot = snapshot.Clone();
+        _cachedWriteTimeUtc = writeTimeUtc;
+        _lastProbeUtc = probeTimeUtc;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class LegacyLauncherSettingsSnapshot
+    {
+        public List<string>? HiddenLauncherFolderPaths { get; set; }
+
+        public List<string>? HiddenLauncherAppPaths { get; set; }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PendingRestartStateService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/PendingRestartStateService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class PendingRestartStateService
+{
+    public const string RenderModeReason = "RenderMode";
+    public const string PluginCatalogReason = "PluginCatalog";
+
+    private static readonly object Gate = new();
+    private static readonly HashSet<string> PendingReasons = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public static event Action? StateChanged;
+
+    public static bool HasPendingRestart
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (Gate)
+            {
+                return PendingReasons.Count > 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static bool HasPendingReason(string reason)
+    {
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            return PendingReasons.Contains(reason);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void SetPending(string reason, bool pending)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(reason))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var changed = false;
+        lock (Gate)
+        {
+            changed = pending
+                ? PendingReasons.Add(reason)
+                : PendingReasons.Remove(reason);
+        }
+
+        if (changed)
+        {
+            StateChanged?.Invoke();
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/AnalogClockWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/AnalogClockWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ using Avalonia.Controls.Shapes;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Styling;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class AnalogClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class AnalogClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> ZhCityNames =
        new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -54,9 +55,11 @@ public partial class AnalogClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I

    private const double DialSize = 258;
    private const double Center = DialSize / 2;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClock;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;

    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private TimeZoneService? _timeZoneService;
    private double _currentCellSize = 48;
@@ -112,6 +115,21 @@ public partial class AnalogClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I
        UpdateClock();
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClock
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
    {
        InitializeDialIfNeeded();
@@ -359,7 +377,7 @@ public partial class AnalogClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I
    private void LoadClockSettings()
    {
        var appSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
-        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        _languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(appSnapshot.LanguageCode);

        var configuredTimeZoneId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentSnapshot.DesktopClockTimeZoneId)
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/AnalogClockWidgetSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/AnalogClockWidgetSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Controls.Primitives;
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class AnalogClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
+public partial class AnalogClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> ZhTimeZoneNames =
        new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -28,11 +29,13 @@ public partial class AnalogClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
        };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly TimeZoneService _timeZoneService = new();
    private bool _suppressEvents;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClock;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;
    private IReadOnlyList<TimeZoneInfo> _allTimeZones = Array.Empty<TimeZoneInfo>();
    private string _selectedTimeZoneId = string.Empty;
    private string _secondHandMode = ClockSecondHandMode.Tick;
@@ -47,10 +50,29 @@ public partial class AnalogClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
        PopulateTimeZoneComboBox();
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClock
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+        PopulateTimeZoneComboBox();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+        PopulateTimeZoneComboBox();
+    }
+
    private void LoadState()
    {
        var appSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
-        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        _languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(appSnapshot.LanguageCode);
        _selectedTimeZoneId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentSnapshot.DesktopClockTimeZoneId)
            ? "China Standard Time"
@@ -149,10 +171,10 @@ public partial class AnalogClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
        _selectedTimeZoneId = normalizedId;
        _secondHandMode = GetSelectedSecondHandMode();

-        var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        snapshot.DesktopClockTimeZoneId = normalizedId;
        snapshot.DesktopClockSecondHandMode = _secondHandMode;
-        _componentSettingsService.Save(snapshot);
+        _componentSettingsStore.SaveForComponent(_componentId, _placementId, snapshot);

        SettingsChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
    }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/BrowserWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/BrowserWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Input;
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ using WebViewCore.Events;
 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

 public partial class BrowserWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget
-    , IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget
+    , IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, IDisposable
 {
    private static readonly Uri DefaultHomeUri = new("https://www.bing.com");
    private double _currentCellSize = 48;
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ public partial class BrowserWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget
    private bool _isEditMode;
    private bool _isWebViewActive = true;
    private readonly WebView2RuntimeAvailability _runtimeAvailability;
+    private bool _isDisposed;

    public BrowserWidget()
    {
@@ -48,6 +49,26 @@ public partial class BrowserWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget
        NavigateTo(DefaultHomeUri);
    }

+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_isDisposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isDisposed = true;
+
+        SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
+        ActualThemeVariantChanged -= OnActualThemeVariantChanged;
+        AttachedToVisualTree -= OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree -= OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+
+        if (_runtimeAvailability.IsAvailable)
+        {
+            BrowserWebView.NavigationStarting -= OnBrowserWebViewNavigationStarting;
+        }
+    }
+
    public void ApplyCellSize(double cellSize)
    {
        _currentCellSize = Math.Max(1, cellSize);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/ClassScheduleSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/ClassScheduleSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -10,19 +10,22 @@ using Avalonia.Interactivity;
 using Avalonia.Layout;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Platform.Storage;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class ClassScheduleSettingsWindow : UserControl
+public partial class ClassScheduleSettingsWindow : UserControl, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot> _importedSchedules = [];
    private string _activeScheduleId = string.Empty;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClassSchedule;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;

    public event EventHandler? SettingsChanged;

@@ -34,10 +37,29 @@ public partial class ClassScheduleSettingsWindow : UserControl
        RenderImportedSchedules();
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClassSchedule
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+        RenderImportedSchedules();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+        RenderImportedSchedules();
+    }
+
    private void LoadState()
    {
        var appSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
-        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        _languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(appSnapshot.LanguageCode);

        _importedSchedules.Clear();
@@ -299,7 +321,7 @@ public partial class ClassScheduleSettingsWindow : UserControl

    private void SaveState()
    {
-        var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        snapshot.ImportedClassSchedules = _importedSchedules
            .Select(item => new ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot
            {
@@ -309,7 +331,7 @@ public partial class ClassScheduleSettingsWindow : UserControl
            })
            .ToList();
        snapshot.ActiveImportedClassScheduleId = _activeScheduleId ?? string.Empty;
-        _componentSettingsService.Save(snapshot);
+        _componentSettingsStore.SaveForComponent(_componentId, _placementId, snapshot);
        SettingsChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
    }

--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/ClassScheduleWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/ClassScheduleWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Styling;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class ClassScheduleWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class ClassScheduleWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private sealed record CourseItemViewModel(
        string Name,
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ public partial class ClassScheduleWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
    };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly IClassIslandScheduleDataService _scheduleService = new ClassIslandScheduleDataService();

@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ public partial class ClassScheduleWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
    private IReadOnlyList<CourseItemViewModel> _courseItems = Array.Empty<CourseItemViewModel>();
    private bool _isNightVisual = true;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClassSchedule;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;

    public ClassScheduleWidget()
    {
@@ -113,10 +116,25 @@ public partial class ClassScheduleWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
        RefreshSchedule();
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClassSchedule
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshSchedule();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshSchedule();
+    }
+
    private void RefreshSchedule()
    {
        var appSettings = _appSettingsService.Load();
-        var componentSettings = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var componentSettings = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        _languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(appSettings.LanguageCode);
        var now = _timeZoneService?.GetCurrentTime() ?? DateTime.Now;
        UpdateHeader(now);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DailyArtworkSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DailyArtworkSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -2,18 +2,21 @@ using System;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Controls.Primitives;
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class DailyArtworkSettingsWindow : UserControl
+public partial class DailyArtworkSettingsWindow : UserControl, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
    private bool _suppressEvents;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopDailyArtwork;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;

    public event EventHandler? SettingsChanged;

@@ -24,10 +27,27 @@ public partial class DailyArtworkSettingsWindow : UserControl
        ApplyLocalization();
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopDailyArtwork
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+    }
+
    private void LoadState()
    {
        var appSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
-        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        _languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(appSnapshot.LanguageCode);

        var source = DailyArtworkMirrorSources.Normalize(componentSnapshot.DailyArtworkMirrorSource);
@@ -59,9 +79,9 @@ public partial class DailyArtworkSettingsWindow : UserControl
        }

        var source = GetSelectedSource();
-        var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        snapshot.DailyArtworkMirrorSource = source;
-        _componentSettingsService.Save(snapshot);
+        _componentSettingsStore.SaveForComponent(_componentId, _placementId, snapshot);

        UpdateSourceStatus(source);
        SettingsChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DailyArtworkWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DailyArtworkWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -13,12 +13,13 @@ using Avalonia.Input;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Media.Imaging;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class DailyArtworkWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IRecommendationInfoAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class DailyArtworkWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IRecommendationInfoAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<DayOfWeek, string> ZhWeekdays =
        new Dictionary<DayOfWeek, string>
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ public partial class DailyArtworkWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
    };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _settingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();

    private IRecommendationInfoService _recommendationService = DefaultRecommendationService;
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ public partial class DailyArtworkWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
    private double _currentCellSize = BaseCellSize;
    private bool _isAttached;
    private bool _isRefreshing;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopDailyArtwork;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;
    private string? _currentArtworkSourceUrl;
    private string? _currentArtworkImageUrl;

@@ -136,6 +140,21 @@ public partial class DailyArtworkWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
        }
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopDailyArtwork
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
    {
        _isAttached = true;
@@ -203,6 +222,7 @@ public partial class DailyArtworkWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
        {
            var query = new DailyArtworkQuery(
                Locale: _languageCode,
+                MirrorSource: ResolveMirrorSource(),
                ForceRefresh: forceRefresh);
            var result = await _recommendationService.GetDailyArtworkAsync(query, cts.Token);
            if (!_isAttached || cts.IsCancellationRequested)
@@ -640,6 +660,19 @@ public partial class DailyArtworkWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
        }
    }

+    private string ResolveMirrorSource()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
+            return DailyArtworkMirrorSources.Normalize(snapshot.DailyArtworkMirrorSource);
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return DailyArtworkMirrorSources.Overseas;
+        }
+    }
+
    private void UpdateDateLabels()
    {
        var now = DateTime.Now;
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DailyPoetryWidget.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DailyPoetryWidget.axaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
            BorderThickness="0"
            Background="#C20A0A"
            Padding="20,16,20,14">
-        <Grid RowDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto">
+        <Grid RowDefinitions="*,Auto">
            <Canvas x:Name="DayDecorationCanvas"
-                    Grid.RowSpan="3"
+                    Grid.RowSpan="2"
                    IsVisible="False"
                    Width="212"
                    Height="148"
@@ -43,34 +43,32 @@
                             Data="M8,54 L38,24 L64,52 L8,54 Z" />
            </Canvas>

-            <TextBlock x:Name="QuoteMarkTextBlock"
-                       Text="&#8220;"
-                       Foreground="#5CFAD0B7"
-                       FontSize="96"
-                       FontWeight="SemiBold"
-                       HorizontalAlignment="Left"
-                       VerticalAlignment="Top"
-                       Margin="1,0,0,0"
-                       LineHeight="86" />
+            <Grid Grid.Row="0" RowDefinitions="Auto,*">
+                <TextBlock x:Name="QuoteMarkTextBlock"
+                           Text="&#8220;"
+                           Foreground="#5CFAD0B7"
+                           FontSize="72"
+                           FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                           HorizontalAlignment="Left"
+                           VerticalAlignment="Top"
+                           Margin="1,0,0,0"
+                           LineHeight="65" />

-            <TextBlock x:Name="PoetryContentTextBlock"
-                       Grid.Row="1"
-                       Text="芳草年年惹恨幽。想前事悠悠。"
-                       Foreground="#F8D8A8"
-                       FontSize="54"
-                       FontWeight="Medium"
-                       LineHeight="60"
-                       TextWrapping="Wrap"
-                       VerticalAlignment="Top"
-                       Margin="8,2,0,0" />
+                <TextBlock x:Name="PoetryContentTextBlock"
+                           Grid.Row="1"
+                           Text="芳草年年惹恨幽。想前事悠悠。"
+                           Foreground="#F8D8A8"
+                           FontSize="54"
+                           FontWeight="Medium"
+                           LineHeight="60"
+                           TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                           MaxLines="2"
+                           VerticalAlignment="Top"
+                           HorizontalAlignment="Left"
+                           Margin="8,2,0,0" />
+            </Grid>

-            <Grid x:Name="AuthorPanel"
-                  Grid.Row="2"
-                  ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*"
-                  HorizontalAlignment="Right"
-                  VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
-                  Margin="0,6,4,0"
-                  IsHitTestVisible="False">
+            <Grid Grid.Row="1" ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0,6,0,0">
                <Border x:Name="AuthorAccent"
                        Grid.Column="0"
                        Width="6"
@@ -92,6 +90,7 @@
            </Grid>

            <TextBlock x:Name="StatusTextBlock"
+                       Grid.Row="0"
                       Text="Loading..."
                       IsVisible="False"
                       Foreground="#D9FFFFFF"
@@ -100,10 +99,10 @@
                       VerticalAlignment="Top" />

            <Button x:Name="RefreshButton"
-                    Grid.RowSpan="3"
+                    Grid.Row="1"
                    HorizontalAlignment="Right"
-                    VerticalAlignment="Top"
-                    Margin="0,12,16,0"
+                    VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
+                    Margin="0,8,4,0"
                    Width="42"
                    Height="42"
                    CornerRadius="21"
@@ -113,13 +112,12 @@
                    Padding="0"
                    Focusable="False">
                <TextBlock x:Name="RefreshGlyphTextBlock"
-                           HorizontalAlignment="Center"
-                           VerticalAlignment="Center"
-                           Text="&#8635;"
+                           Text="&#xE72C;"
+                           FontFamily="{StaticResource SymbolFontFamily}"
+                           FontSize="22"
                           Foreground="#8C9097"
-                           FontSize="26"
-                           FontWeight="SemiLight"
-                           LineHeight="26" />
+                           HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                           VerticalAlignment="Center" />
            </Button>
        </Grid>
    </Border>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DailyPoetryWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DailyPoetryWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ public partial class DailyPoetryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I
    private const double BaseCellSize = 48d;
    private const int BaseWidthCells = 4;
    private const int BaseHeightCells = 2;
-    private const double MinPoetryFontSize = 12;
-    private const double MinAuthorFontSize = 10.5;
+    private const double MinPoetryFontSize = 8;
+    private const double MinAuthorFontSize = 7;

    private readonly record struct TextFitResult(double FontSize, FontWeight FontWeight, double LineHeight);

@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@ public partial class DailyPoetryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I
            0,
            0);

-        AuthorPanel.Margin = new Thickness(0, Math.Clamp(5 * scale, 2, 10), Math.Clamp(4 * scale, 2, 8), 0);
        AuthorAccent.Width = Math.Clamp(6 * scale, 3.2, 9.5);
        AuthorAccent.Height = Math.Clamp(24 * scale, 12, 34);
        AuthorAccent.Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, Math.Clamp(8 * scale, 4, 13), 0);
@@ -351,11 +350,6 @@ public partial class DailyPoetryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I

            AuthorTextBlock.Foreground = CreateBrush("#F4D7A7");
            AuthorAccent.Background = CreateBrush("#63F2AF90");
-            AuthorPanel.Margin = new Thickness(
-                0,
-                Math.Clamp(6 * scale, 2, 10),
-                Math.Clamp(6 * scale, 2, 10),
-                Math.Clamp(1 * scale, 0, 3));

            DayDecorationCanvas.IsVisible = false;
            RefreshButton.IsVisible = true;
@@ -380,11 +374,6 @@ public partial class DailyPoetryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I

            AuthorTextBlock.Foreground = CreateBrush("#272D38");
            AuthorAccent.Background = CreateBrush("#C8090D");
-            AuthorPanel.Margin = new Thickness(
-                0,
-                Math.Clamp(6 * scale, 2, 10),
-                Math.Clamp(6 * scale, 2, 10),
-                Math.Clamp(2 * scale, 0, 4));

            DayDecorationCanvas.IsVisible = true;
            RefreshButton.IsVisible = true;
@@ -475,83 +464,19 @@ public partial class DailyPoetryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I
        DayDecorationCanvas.IsVisible = showDayDecorations;
        RefreshButton.IsVisible = true;

-        var refreshReservedWidth = RefreshButton.Width + Math.Clamp(8 * scale, 5, 14);
-        var decorationReservedWidth = showDayDecorations
-            ? Math.Clamp(innerWidth * 0.24, 34, 96)
-            : 0;
-        var quoteReservedWidth = QuoteMarkTextBlock.IsVisible
-            ? Math.Clamp(10 * scale, 5, 16)
-            : 0;
-        var poemReservedRight = Math.Max(refreshReservedWidth, decorationReservedWidth);
-        var poemWidth = innerWidth - poemReservedRight - quoteReservedWidth;
-        var poemMinWidth = Math.Max(66, innerWidth * 0.56);
-        if (poemWidth < poemMinWidth)
-        {
-            poemWidth = poemMinWidth;
-        }
-        poemWidth = Math.Min(Math.Max(64, poemWidth), innerWidth);
+        var refreshButtonWidth = 42 + Math.Clamp(8 * scale, 5, 14);
+        var quoteMarkWidth = QuoteMarkTextBlock.IsVisible ? Math.Clamp(10 * scale, 5, 16) : 0;
+        
+        var poemWidth = innerWidth - quoteMarkWidth - Math.Clamp(12 * scale, 6, 20);
+        poemWidth = Math.Min(Math.Max(64, poemWidth), innerWidth - Math.Clamp(16 * scale, 8, 24));

-        var authorMaxLines = innerWidth < Math.Max(_currentCellSize * 5.2, 252) ? 2 : 1;
-        var authorUnitsTarget = authorMaxLines == 1 ? 20 : 12;
-        var authorWidth = Math.Max(72, Math.Min(innerWidth * (isNightMode ? 0.5 : 0.56), innerWidth - 8));
-        var authorPrepared = PrepareAuthorText(_authorRawText, authorUnitsTarget, authorMaxLines);
-        var authorPreferredFontSize = Math.Clamp((isNightMode ? 25 : 23) * scale, 12, 34);
-        var authorMinFontSize = Math.Clamp(authorPreferredFontSize * 0.72, MinAuthorFontSize, authorPreferredFontSize);
-        var authorMinWeight = isNightMode ? 500 : 470;
-        var authorMaxWeight = isNightMode ? 650 : 600;
-        authorPrepared = EnsureTextFitsAtMinSize(
-            preparedText: authorPrepared,
-            sourceText: _authorRawText,
-            targetUnits: authorUnitsTarget,
-            maxLines: authorMaxLines,
-            maxWidth: authorWidth,
-            maxHeight: Math.Max(20, innerHeight * (authorMaxLines > 1 ? 0.38 : 0.28)),
-            minFontSize: authorMinFontSize,
-            minFontWeight: ToVariableWeight(authorMinWeight),
-            lineHeightFactor: 1.12);
-
-        var authorFit = FitTextStable(
-            authorPrepared,
-            authorWidth,
-            Math.Max(20, innerHeight * (authorMaxLines > 1 ? 0.38 : 0.28)),
-            minFontSize: authorMinFontSize,
-            maxFontSize: Math.Clamp(authorPreferredFontSize * 1.15, authorMinFontSize, 42),
-            maxLines: authorMaxLines,
-            lineHeightFactor: 1.12,
-            minWeight: authorMinWeight,
-            maxWeight: authorMaxWeight);
-
-        AuthorTextBlock.Text = authorPrepared;
-        AuthorTextBlock.TextWrapping = authorMaxLines > 1 ? TextWrapping.Wrap : TextWrapping.NoWrap;
-        AuthorTextBlock.MaxLines = authorMaxLines;
-        AuthorTextBlock.MaxWidth = authorWidth;
-        AuthorTextBlock.FontSize = authorFit.FontSize;
-        AuthorTextBlock.LineHeight = authorFit.LineHeight;
-        AuthorTextBlock.FontWeight = authorFit.FontWeight;
-        AuthorPanel.MaxWidth = authorWidth + AuthorAccent.Width + AuthorAccent.Margin.Right + Math.Clamp(4 * scale, 2, 8);
-
-        var authorMeasured = MeasureTextSize(
-            authorPrepared,
-            authorFit.FontSize,
-            authorFit.FontWeight,
-            authorWidth,
-            authorFit.LineHeight);
-        var authorHeight = Math.Min(authorMeasured.Height, authorFit.LineHeight * authorMaxLines);
-        var authorBlockHeight = Math.Max(authorHeight, AuthorAccent.Height) +
-                                AuthorPanel.Margin.Top +
-                                AuthorPanel.Margin.Bottom +
-                                Math.Clamp(4 * scale, 2, 8);
-
-        var poemMaxLines = innerHeight < _currentCellSize * 1.58
-            ? 4
-            : innerHeight < _currentCellSize * 2.05
-                ? 3
-                : 2;
+        var poemMaxLines = 2;
        var poemUnitsTarget = EstimateTargetUnitsPerLine(poemWidth, scale, isNightMode);
        var poemPrepared = PreparePoetryText(_poetryRawText, poemUnitsTarget, poemMaxLines);
-        var poemHeight = Math.Max(30, innerHeight - authorBlockHeight);
-        var poemPreferredFontSize = Math.Clamp((isNightMode ? 34 : 32) * scale, 16, 56);
-        var poemMinFontSize = Math.Clamp(poemPreferredFontSize * 0.72, MinPoetryFontSize, poemPreferredFontSize);
+        
+        var availablePoemHeight = innerHeight * 0.72;
+        var poemPreferredFontSize = Math.Clamp((isNightMode ? 34 : 32) * scale, 14, 56);
+        var poemMinFontSize = Math.Clamp(poemPreferredFontSize * 0.65, MinPoetryFontSize, poemPreferredFontSize);
        var poemMinWeight = isNightMode ? 540 : 500;
        var poemMaxWeight = isNightMode ? 760 : 680;
        poemPrepared = EnsureTextFitsAtMinSize(
@@ -560,19 +485,19 @@ public partial class DailyPoetryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I
            targetUnits: poemUnitsTarget,
            maxLines: poemMaxLines,
            maxWidth: poemWidth,
-            maxHeight: poemHeight,
+            maxHeight: availablePoemHeight,
            minFontSize: poemMinFontSize,
            minFontWeight: ToVariableWeight(poemMinWeight),
-            lineHeightFactor: 1.1);
+            lineHeightFactor: 1.12);

        var poemFit = FitTextStable(
            poemPrepared,
            poemWidth,
-            poemHeight,
+            availablePoemHeight,
            minFontSize: poemMinFontSize,
            maxFontSize: Math.Clamp(poemPreferredFontSize * 1.20, poemMinFontSize, 62),
            maxLines: poemMaxLines,
-            lineHeightFactor: 1.10,
+            lineHeightFactor: 1.12,
            minWeight: poemMinWeight,
            maxWeight: poemMaxWeight);

@@ -582,6 +507,43 @@ public partial class DailyPoetryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, I
        PoetryContentTextBlock.FontSize = poemFit.FontSize;
        PoetryContentTextBlock.LineHeight = poemFit.LineHeight;
        PoetryContentTextBlock.FontWeight = poemFit.FontWeight;
+
+        var authorWidth = Math.Max(72, Math.Min(innerWidth * (isNightMode ? 0.5 : 0.56), innerWidth - 8));
+        var authorUnitsTarget = 20;
+        var authorPrepared = PrepareAuthorText(_authorRawText, authorUnitsTarget, 1);
+        var authorPreferredFontSize = Math.Clamp((isNightMode ? 25 : 23) * scale, 10, 34);
+        var authorMinFontSize = Math.Clamp(authorPreferredFontSize * 0.65, MinAuthorFontSize, authorPreferredFontSize);
+        var authorMinWeight = isNightMode ? 500 : 470;
+        var authorMaxWeight = isNightMode ? 650 : 600;
+        authorPrepared = EnsureTextFitsAtMinSize(
+            preparedText: authorPrepared,
+            sourceText: _authorRawText,
+            targetUnits: authorUnitsTarget,
+            maxLines: 1,
+            maxWidth: authorWidth,
+            maxHeight: AuthorAccent.Height,
+            minFontSize: authorMinFontSize,
+            minFontWeight: ToVariableWeight(authorMinWeight),
+            lineHeightFactor: 1.12);
+
+        var authorFit = FitTextStable(
+            authorPrepared,
+            authorWidth,
+            AuthorAccent.Height,
+            minFontSize: authorMinFontSize,
+            maxFontSize: Math.Clamp(authorPreferredFontSize * 1.15, authorMinFontSize, 42),
+            maxLines: 1,
+            lineHeightFactor: 1.12,
+            minWeight: authorMinWeight,
+            maxWeight: authorMaxWeight);
+
+        AuthorTextBlock.Text = authorPrepared;
+        AuthorTextBlock.TextWrapping = TextWrapping.NoWrap;
+        AuthorTextBlock.MaxLines = 1;
+        AuthorTextBlock.MaxWidth = authorWidth;
+        AuthorTextBlock.FontSize = authorFit.FontSize;
+        AuthorTextBlock.LineHeight = authorFit.LineHeight;
+        AuthorTextBlock.FontWeight = authorFit.FontWeight;
    }

    private void UpdateRefreshButtonState()
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry.cs
@@ -7,24 +7,65 @@ using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public sealed record DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
-    string ComponentId,
-    string DisplayNameLocalizationKey,
-    Func<Control> ControlFactory,
-    Func<double, double>? CornerRadiusResolver = null);
+public sealed record DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext(
+    DesktopComponentDefinition Definition,
+    double CellSize,
+    TimeZoneService TimeZoneService,
+    IWeatherInfoService WeatherInfoService,
+    IRecommendationInfoService RecommendationInfoService,
+    ICalculatorDataService CalculatorDataService,
+    IComponentInstanceSettingsStore ComponentSettingsStore,
+    string? PlacementId = null);
+
+public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration
+{
+    public DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
+        string componentId,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey,
+        Func<Control> controlFactory,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+        : this(componentId, displayNameLocalizationKey, _ => controlFactory(), cornerRadiusResolver)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
+        string componentId,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey,
+        Func<DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext, Control> controlFactory,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(controlFactory);
+
+        ComponentId = componentId.Trim();
+        DisplayNameLocalizationKey = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(displayNameLocalizationKey)
+            ? null
+            : displayNameLocalizationKey.Trim();
+        ControlFactory = controlFactory;
+        CornerRadiusResolver = cornerRadiusResolver;
+    }
+
+    public string ComponentId { get; }
+
+    public string? DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }
+
+    public Func<DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext, Control> ControlFactory { get; }
+
+    public Func<double, double>? CornerRadiusResolver { get; }
+}

 public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor
 {
    private static readonly Func<double, double> DefaultCornerRadiusResolver =
        cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.22, 8, 18);

-    private readonly Func<Control> _controlFactory;
+    private readonly Func<DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext, Control> _controlFactory;
    private readonly Func<double, double> _cornerRadiusResolver;

    internal DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor(
        DesktopComponentDefinition definition,
-        string displayNameLocalizationKey,
-        Func<Control> controlFactory,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey,
+        Func<DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext, Control> controlFactory,
        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver)
    {
        Definition = definition;
@@ -35,16 +76,48 @@ public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor

    public DesktopComponentDefinition Definition { get; }

-    public string DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }
+    public string? DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }

    public Control CreateControl(
        double cellSize,
        TimeZoneService timeZoneService,
        IWeatherInfoService weatherInfoService,
        IRecommendationInfoService recommendationInfoService,
-        ICalculatorDataService calculatorDataService)
+        ICalculatorDataService calculatorDataService,
+        IComponentInstanceSettingsStore componentSettingsStore,
+        string? placementId = null)
    {
-        var control = _controlFactory();
+        var control = _controlFactory(new DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext(
+            Definition,
+            cellSize,
+            timeZoneService,
+            weatherInfoService,
+            recommendationInfoService,
+            calculatorDataService,
+            componentSettingsStore,
+            placementId));
+        var runtimeContext = new DesktopComponentRuntimeContext(
+            Definition.Id,
+            placementId,
+            componentSettingsStore);
+
+        if (control is IComponentRuntimeContextAware runtimeContextAwareComponent)
+        {
+            runtimeContextAwareComponent.SetComponentRuntimeContext(runtimeContext);
+        }
+
+        if (control is IComponentPlacementContextAware placementAwareComponent)
+        {
+            placementAwareComponent.SetComponentPlacementContext(Definition.Id, placementId);
+        }
+
+        if (control is IComponentSettingsStoreAware settingsStoreAwareComponent)
+        {
+            settingsStoreAwareComponent.SetComponentSettingsStore(componentSettingsStore);
+        }
+
+        ComponentSettingsService.ApplyScopedContextToTarget(control, Definition.Id, placementId);
+
        if (control is IDesktopComponentWidget sizedComponent)
        {
            sizedComponent.ApplyCellSize(cellSize);
@@ -109,12 +182,10 @@ public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry
                StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
    }

-    public static DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry CreateDefault(ComponentRegistry componentRegistry)
+    public static IReadOnlyList<DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration> GetDefaultRegistrations()
    {
-        return new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry(
-            componentRegistry,
-            new[]
-            {
+        return
+        [
                new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
                    BuiltInComponentIds.Date,
                    "component.date",
@@ -295,7 +366,12 @@ public sealed class DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry
                    "component.holiday_calendar",
                    () => new HolidayCalendarWidget(),
                    cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.32, 12, 28))
-            });
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public static DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry CreateDefault(ComponentRegistry componentRegistry)
+    {
+        return new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry(componentRegistry, GetDefaultRegistrations());
    }

    public bool TryGetDescriptor(string componentId, out DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor descriptor)
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/ExtendedWeatherWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/ExtendedWeatherWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class ExtendedWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class ExtendedWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private static readonly IWeatherInfoService DefaultWeatherInfoService = new XiaomiWeatherService();
    private static readonly IReadOnlyList<int> SupportedAutoRefreshIntervalsMinutes = RefreshIntervalCatalog.SupportedIntervalsMinutes;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ public partial class ExtendedWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
    private readonly ScaleTransform _backgroundMotionScaleTransform = new(1, 1);
    private readonly TranslateTransform _backgroundMotionTranslateTransform = new();
    private readonly AppSettingsService _settingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();

    private IWeatherInfoService _weatherInfoService = DefaultWeatherInfoService;
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ public partial class ExtendedWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
    private bool _autoRefreshEnabled = true;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
    private HyperOS3WeatherVisualKind _activeVisualKind = HyperOS3WeatherVisualKind.ClearDay;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopExtendedWeather;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;
    private readonly TextBlock[] _hourlyTempBlocks;
    private readonly TextBlock[] _hourlyTimeBlocks;
    private readonly Image[] _hourlyIconBlocks;
@@ -173,6 +176,21 @@ public partial class ExtendedWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
        }
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopExtendedWeather
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
    public void SetDesktopPageContext(bool isOnActivePage, bool isEditMode)
    {
        _ = isEditMode;
@@ -935,7 +953,7 @@ public partial class ExtendedWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge

        try
        {
-            var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+            var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
            enabled = snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled;
            intervalMinutes = NormalizeAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes(snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
        }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/HourlyWeatherWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/HourlyWeatherWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Media.Imaging;
 using Avalonia.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class HourlyWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class HourlyWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private enum WeatherVisualKind
    {
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ public partial class HourlyWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
    };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _settingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<WeatherVisualKind, IBrush> _backgroundBrushCache = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<HyperOS3WeatherVisualKind, IBrush> _particleBrushCache = new();
@@ -118,6 +119,8 @@ public partial class HourlyWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
    private bool _isRefreshing;
    private bool _autoRefreshEnabled = true;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopHourlyWeather;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;
    private readonly TextBlock[] _hourlyTimeBlocks;
    private readonly Image[] _hourlyIconBlocks;
    private readonly TextBlock[] _hourlyTempBlocks;
@@ -224,6 +227,21 @@ public partial class HourlyWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
        }
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopHourlyWeather
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
    public void SetDesktopPageContext(bool isOnActivePage, bool isEditMode)
    {
        _ = isEditMode;
@@ -1424,7 +1442,7 @@ public partial class HourlyWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,

        try
        {
-            var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+            var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
            enabled = snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled;
            intervalMinutes = NormalizeAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes(snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
        }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/MultiDayWeatherWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/MultiDayWeatherWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class MultiDayWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class MultiDayWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private enum WeatherVisualKind
    {
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ public partial class MultiDayWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
    };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _settingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<WeatherVisualKind, IBrush> _backgroundBrushCache = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<HyperOS3WeatherVisualKind, IBrush> _particleBrushCache = new();
@@ -116,6 +117,8 @@ public partial class MultiDayWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
    private bool _isRefreshing;
    private bool _autoRefreshEnabled = true;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopMultiDayWeather;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;
    private readonly TextBlock[] _hourlyTimeBlocks;
    private readonly Image[] _hourlyIconBlocks;
    private readonly TextBlock[] _hourlyTempBlocks;
@@ -222,6 +225,21 @@ public partial class MultiDayWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
        }
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopMultiDayWeather
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
    public void SetDesktopPageContext(bool isOnActivePage, bool isEditMode)
    {
        _ = isEditMode;
@@ -1274,7 +1292,7 @@ public partial class MultiDayWeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge

        try
        {
-            var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+            var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
            enabled = snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled;
            intervalMinutes = NormalizeAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes(snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
        }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/RecordingWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/RecordingWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class RecordingWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class RecordingWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, IDisposable
 {
    private const int WaveBarCount = 22;

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ public partial class RecordingWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDe
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
    private bool _pausedStudyMonitoringForRecording;
    private bool _isNightVisual = true;
+    private bool _isDisposed;

    public RecordingWidget()
    {
@@ -612,4 +613,23 @@ public partial class RecordingWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDe

        return (false, path.LocalPath);
    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_isDisposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isDisposed = true;
+
+        _uiTimer.Stop();
+        _uiTimer.Tick -= OnUiTick;
+        AttachedToVisualTree -= OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree -= OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
+        ActualThemeVariantChanged -= OnActualThemeVariantChanged;
+
+        _audioRecorderService.Dispose();
+    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudyEnvironmentWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudyEnvironmentWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Globalization;
 using Avalonia;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class StudyEnvironmentWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class StudyEnvironmentWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, IDisposable
 {
    private readonly IStudyAnalyticsService _studyAnalyticsService = StudyAnalyticsServiceFactory.CreateDefault();
    private readonly StudyAnalyticsMonitoringLeaseCoordinator _monitoringLeaseCoordinator = StudyAnalyticsMonitoringLeaseCoordinatorFactory.CreateDefault();
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ public partial class StudyEnvironmentWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidg
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
    private bool _isAttached;
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
+    private bool _isDisposed;
    private IDisposable? _monitoringLease;

    public StudyEnvironmentWidget()
@@ -63,8 +64,16 @@ public partial class StudyEnvironmentWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidg
    public void SetDesktopPageContext(bool isOnActivePage, bool isEditMode)
    {
        _ = isEditMode;
+        var wasOnActivePage = _isOnActivePage;
        _isOnActivePage = isOnActivePage;
+        
        UpdateMonitoringLeaseState();
+        
+        if (isOnActivePage && !wasOnActivePage)
+        {
+            RefreshVisual();
+        }
+        
        UpdateTimerState();
    }

@@ -115,8 +124,7 @@ public partial class StudyEnvironmentWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidg

    private void UpdateMonitoringLeaseState()
    {
-        var shouldMonitor = _isAttached && _isOnActivePage;
-        if (shouldMonitor)
+        if (_isAttached)
        {
            _monitoringLease ??= _monitoringLeaseCoordinator.AcquireLease();
            return;
@@ -329,4 +337,23 @@ public partial class StudyEnvironmentWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidg

        return CreateBrush(fallbackHex);
    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_isDisposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isDisposed = true;
+
+        _uiTimer.Stop();
+        _uiTimer.Tick -= OnUiTimerTick;
+        AttachedToVisualTree -= OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree -= OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
+
+        _monitoringLease?.Dispose();
+        _monitoringLease = null;
+    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudyNoiseCurveWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudyNoiseCurveWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using Avalonia;
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class StudyNoiseCurveWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class StudyNoiseCurveWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, IDisposable
 {
    private const double NormalTextMinContrast = 4.5;
    private const double LargeTextMinContrast = 4.5;
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ public partial class StudyNoiseCurveWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
    private bool _isAttached;
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
    private bool _isSubscribed;
+    private bool _isDisposed;
    private int _framesSinceCompaction;
    private IDisposable? _monitoringLease;

@@ -131,8 +132,20 @@ public partial class StudyNoiseCurveWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
    public void SetDesktopPageContext(bool isOnActivePage, bool isEditMode)
    {
        _ = isEditMode;
+        var wasOnActivePage = _isOnActivePage;
        _isOnActivePage = isOnActivePage;
+        
        UpdateMonitoringLeaseState();
+        
+        if (isOnActivePage && !wasOnActivePage)
+        {
+            lock (_snapshotSync)
+            {
+                _pendingSnapshot = _studyAnalyticsService.GetSnapshot();
+                _hasPendingSnapshot = true;
+            }
+        }
+        
        UpdateRenderLoopState();
    }

@@ -231,8 +244,7 @@ public partial class StudyNoiseCurveWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge

    private void UpdateMonitoringLeaseState()
    {
-        var shouldMonitor = _isAttached && _isOnActivePage;
-        if (shouldMonitor)
+        if (_isAttached)
        {
            _monitoringLease ??= _monitoringLeaseCoordinator.AcquireLease();
            return;
@@ -553,4 +565,29 @@ public partial class StudyNoiseCurveWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidge
    {
        return _localizationService.GetString(_languageCode, key, fallback);
    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_isDisposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isDisposed = true;
+
+        _renderTimer.Stop();
+        _renderTimer.Tick -= OnRenderTimerTick;
+        AttachedToVisualTree -= OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree -= OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
+
+        if (_isSubscribed)
+        {
+            _studyAnalyticsService.SnapshotUpdated -= OnStudySnapshotUpdated;
+            _isSubscribed = false;
+        }
+
+        _monitoringLease?.Dispose();
+        _monitoringLease = null;
+    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudyNoiseDistributionScatterChartControl.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudyNoiseDistributionScatterChartControl.cs
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ public sealed class StudyNoiseDistributionScatterChartControl : Control
    private static readonly Pen GridPen = new(GridBrush, 1);
    private static readonly Pen AxisPen = new(AxisBrush, 1.1);

-    private static readonly IBrush QuietPointBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF34D399"));
-    private static readonly IBrush NormalPointBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF60A5FA"));
-    private static readonly IBrush NoisyPointBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFF59E0B"));
-    private static readonly IBrush ExtremePointBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFEF4444"));
+    private static readonly IBrush QuietBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF34D399"));
+    private static readonly IBrush NormalBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF60A5FA"));
+    private static readonly IBrush NoisyBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFF59E0B"));
+    private static readonly IBrush ExtremeBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFEF4444"));

    private IReadOnlyList<NoiseRealtimePoint> _points = Array.Empty<NoiseRealtimePoint>();
    private double _baselineDb = 45;
@@ -47,34 +47,102 @@ public sealed class StudyNoiseDistributionScatterChartControl : Control

        DrawGrid(context, plot);

-        if (_points.Count == 0)
+        if (_points.Count < 2)
        {
            return;
        }

+        DrawElectronCloud(context, plot);
+    }
+
+    private void DrawElectronCloud(DrawingContext context, Rect plot)
+    {
        var start = _points[0].Timestamp;
        var end = _points[^1].Timestamp;
        var totalTicks = Math.Max(1, (end - start).Ticks);

-        var maxRenderPoints = Math.Clamp((int)Math.Floor(plot.Width * 1.5), 80, 520);
-        var step = Math.Max(1, _points.Count / Math.Max(1, maxRenderPoints));
-        var radius = Math.Clamp(Math.Min(plot.Width, plot.Height) / 88d, 1.4, 3.8);
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < _points.Count; i += step)
+        var pointCount = _points.Count;
+        var cloudLayers = 8;
+        var baseRadius = Math.Clamp(Math.Min(plot.Width, plot.Height) / 45d, 3, 12);
+        
+        var sortedPoints = new List<(double X, double Y, NoiseDistributionLevel Level)>();
+        for (var i = 0; i < pointCount; i++)
        {
            var point = _points[i];
-            var level = ResolveLevel(point.DisplayDb, _baselineDb);
            var x = MapX(plot, point.Timestamp, start, totalTicks);
-            var y = MapY(plot, level, point.Timestamp);
-            context.DrawEllipse(GetLevelBrush(level), pen: null, center: new Point(x, y), radiusX: radius, radiusY: radius);
+            var y = MapYContinuous(plot, point.DisplayDb);
+            var level = ResolveLevel(point.DisplayDb, _baselineDb);
+            sortedPoints.Add((x, y, level));
+        }
+
+        sortedPoints.Sort((a, b) => a.X.CompareTo(b.X));
+
+        for (var layer = cloudLayers - 1; layer >= 0; layer--)
+        {
+            var layerRatio = (double)layer / (cloudLayers - 1);
+            var layerRadius = baseRadius * (1.2 + layerRatio * 0.8);
+            var layerAlpha = (byte)(40 + layerRatio * 25);
+
+            foreach (var pt in sortedPoints)
+            {
+                var brush = GetLevelBrushWithAlpha(pt.Level, layerAlpha);
+                var jitterX = ComputeJitter(pt.X * 1000 + layer) * layerRadius * 0.3;
+                var jitterY = ComputeJitter(pt.Y * 1000 + layer) * layerRadius * 0.3;
+                
+                context.DrawEllipse(
+                    brush,
+                    pen: null,
+                    center: new Point(pt.X + jitterX, pt.Y + jitterY),
+                    radiusX: layerRadius,
+                    radiusY: layerRadius * 0.7);
+            }
+        }
+
+        var glowLayers = 5;
+        for (var layer = glowLayers - 1; layer >= 0; layer--)
+        {
+            var layerRatio = (double)layer / (glowLayers - 1);
+            var layerRadius = baseRadius * (0.8 + layerRatio * 0.6);
+            var layerAlpha = (byte)(20 + layerRatio * 15);
+
+            foreach (var pt in sortedPoints)
+            {
+                var brush = GetLevelBrushWithAlpha(pt.Level, layerAlpha);
+                context.DrawEllipse(
+                    brush,
+                    pen: null,
+                    center: new Point(pt.X, pt.Y),
+                    radiusX: layerRadius,
+                    radiusY: layerRadius * 0.6);
+            }
        }

-        // Ensure latest point is always visible.
        var latest = _points[^1];
-        var latestLevel = ResolveLevel(latest.DisplayDb, _baselineDb);
        var latestX = MapX(plot, latest.Timestamp, start, totalTicks);
-        var latestY = MapY(plot, latestLevel, latest.Timestamp);
-        context.DrawEllipse(GetLevelBrush(latestLevel), pen: new Pen(Brushes.White, 1), center: new Point(latestX, latestY), radiusX: radius + 0.8, radiusY: radius + 0.8);
+        var latestY = MapYContinuous(plot, latest.DisplayDb);
+        var latestLevel = ResolveLevel(latest.DisplayDb, _baselineDb);
+
+        for (var i = 3; i >= 0; i--)
+        {
+            var radius = baseRadius * (1.5 + i * 0.8);
+            var alpha = (byte)(30 - i * 6);
+            var glowBrush = GetLevelBrushWithAlpha(latestLevel, alpha);
+            context.DrawEllipse(glowBrush, null, new Point(latestX, latestY), radius, radius * 0.6);
+        }
+
+        context.DrawEllipse(
+            GetLevelBrush(latestLevel),
+            new Pen(Brushes.White, 1.5),
+            new Point(latestX, latestY),
+            baseRadius + 1,
+            baseRadius * 0.7 + 1);
+
+        context.DrawEllipse(
+            Brushes.White,
+            null,
+            new Point(latestX, latestY),
+            2,
+            2);
    }

    private static void DrawGrid(DrawingContext context, Rect plot)
@@ -103,34 +171,28 @@ public sealed class StudyNoiseDistributionScatterChartControl : Control
        return plot.Left + plot.Width * (offsetTicks / (double)totalTicks);
    }

-    private static double MapY(Rect plot, NoiseDistributionLevel level, DateTimeOffset timestamp)
+    private double MapYContinuous(Rect plot, double displayDb)
    {
-        // 4 bands: quiet(bottom) -> extreme(top). Add deterministic jitter in each band.
-        var bandHeight = plot.Height / 4d;
-        var levelIndex = level switch
-        {
-            NoiseDistributionLevel.Quiet => 0,
-            NoiseDistributionLevel.Normal => 1,
-            NoiseDistributionLevel.Noisy => 2,
-            NoiseDistributionLevel.Extreme => 3,
-            _ => 1
-        };
+        var minDb = _baselineDb - 5;
+        var maxDb = _baselineDb + 25;
+        var dbRange = maxDb - minDb;
+        if (dbRange <= 0) dbRange = 30;

-        var centerY = plot.Bottom - ((levelIndex + 0.5) * bandHeight);
-        var jitter = ComputeJitter(timestamp.Ticks) * bandHeight * 0.26;
-        return Math.Clamp(centerY + jitter, plot.Top + 1.5, plot.Bottom - 1.5);
+        var normalizedDb = (displayDb - minDb) / dbRange;
+        normalizedDb = Math.Clamp(normalizedDb, 0, 1);
+
+        return plot.Bottom - (normalizedDb * plot.Height);
    }

-    private static double ComputeJitter(long ticks)
+    private static double ComputeJitter(double value)
    {
-        // Deterministic pseudo-random value in [-1, 1] to avoid overlap without animation noise.
-        var value = (ulong)ticks;
-        value ^= value >> 33;
-        value *= 0xff51afd7ed558ccdUL;
-        value ^= value >> 33;
-        value *= 0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53UL;
-        value ^= value >> 33;
-        var normalized = (value & 0xFFFF) / 65535d;
+        var hash = (ulong)(value * 1000000);
+        hash ^= hash >> 33;
+        hash *= 0xff51afd7ed558ccdUL;
+        hash ^= hash >> 33;
+        hash *= 0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53UL;
+        hash ^= hash >> 33;
+        var normalized = (hash & 0xFFFF) / 65535d;
        return (normalized * 2d) - 1d;
    }

@@ -162,11 +224,23 @@ public sealed class StudyNoiseDistributionScatterChartControl : Control
    {
        return level switch
        {
-            NoiseDistributionLevel.Quiet => QuietPointBrush,
-            NoiseDistributionLevel.Normal => NormalPointBrush,
-            NoiseDistributionLevel.Noisy => NoisyPointBrush,
-            NoiseDistributionLevel.Extreme => ExtremePointBrush,
-            _ => NormalPointBrush
+            NoiseDistributionLevel.Quiet => QuietBrush,
+            NoiseDistributionLevel.Normal => NormalBrush,
+            NoiseDistributionLevel.Noisy => NoisyBrush,
+            NoiseDistributionLevel.Extreme => ExtremeBrush,
+            _ => NormalBrush
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static IBrush GetLevelBrushWithAlpha(NoiseDistributionLevel level, byte alpha)
+    {
+        return level switch
+        {
+            NoiseDistributionLevel.Quiet => new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(alpha, 0x34, 0xD3, 0x99)),
+            NoiseDistributionLevel.Normal => new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(alpha, 0x60, 0xA5, 0xFA)),
+            NoiseDistributionLevel.Noisy => new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(alpha, 0xF5, 0x9E, 0x0B)),
+            NoiseDistributionLevel.Extreme => new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(alpha, 0xEF, 0x44, 0x44)),
+            _ => new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(alpha, 0x60, 0xA5, 0xFA))
        };
    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudyNoiseDistributionWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudyNoiseDistributionWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class StudyNoiseDistributionWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class StudyNoiseDistributionWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, IDisposable
 {
    private static readonly Color[] ValueColorCandidates =
    {
@@ -46,13 +46,14 @@ public partial class StudyNoiseDistributionWidget : UserControl, IDesktopCompone
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly DispatcherTimer _uiTimer = new()
    {
-        Interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250)
+        Interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100)
    };

    private double _currentCellSize = 48;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
    private bool _isAttached;
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
+    private bool _isDisposed;
    private bool _isCompactMode;
    private bool _isUltraCompactMode;
    private IDisposable? _monitoringLease;
@@ -92,8 +93,16 @@ public partial class StudyNoiseDistributionWidget : UserControl, IDesktopCompone
    public void SetDesktopPageContext(bool isOnActivePage, bool isEditMode)
    {
        _ = isEditMode;
+        var wasOnActivePage = _isOnActivePage;
        _isOnActivePage = isOnActivePage;
+        
        UpdateMonitoringLeaseState();
+        
+        if (isOnActivePage && !wasOnActivePage)
+        {
+            RefreshVisual();
+        }
+        
        UpdateTimerState();
    }

@@ -142,8 +151,7 @@ public partial class StudyNoiseDistributionWidget : UserControl, IDesktopCompone

    private void UpdateMonitoringLeaseState()
    {
-        var shouldMonitor = _isAttached && _isOnActivePage;
-        if (shouldMonitor)
+        if (_isAttached)
        {
            _monitoringLease ??= _monitoringLeaseCoordinator.AcquireLease();
            return;
@@ -604,6 +612,25 @@ public partial class StudyNoiseDistributionWidget : UserControl, IDesktopCompone
    {
        return _localizationService.GetString(_languageCode, key, fallback);
    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_isDisposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isDisposed = true;
+
+        _uiTimer.Stop();
+        _uiTimer.Tick -= OnUiTimerTick;
+        AttachedToVisualTree -= OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree -= OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
+
+        _monitoringLease?.Dispose();
+        _monitoringLease = null;
+    }
 }


--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudySessionControlWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudySessionControlWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ using Material.Icons;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class StudySessionControlWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class StudySessionControlWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, IDisposable
 {
    private static readonly Color[] PrimaryColorCandidates =
    {
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ public partial class StudySessionControlWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentW
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
    private bool _isAttached;
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
+    private bool _isDisposed;
    private bool _isCompactMode;
    private bool _isUltraCompactMode;
    private IDisposable? _monitoringLease;
@@ -468,4 +469,20 @@ public partial class StudySessionControlWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentW
    {
        return _localizationService.GetString(_languageCode, key, fallback);
    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_isDisposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isDisposed = true;
+
+        _uiTimer.Stop();
+        _uiTimer.Tick -= OnUiTimerTick;
+        AttachedToVisualTree -= OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree -= OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
+    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudySessionHistoryWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/StudySessionHistoryWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using Avalonia;
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class StudySessionHistoryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class StudySessionHistoryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, IDisposable
 {
    private const double MinTextContrast = 4.5;
    private enum HistoryDialogMode
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ public partial class StudySessionHistoryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentW
    private bool _isAttached;
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
    private bool _isSubscribed;
+    private bool _isDisposed;
    private bool _isCompactMode;
    private bool _isUltraCompactMode;
    private string? _loadingSessionId;
@@ -733,6 +734,29 @@ public partial class StudySessionHistoryWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentW

        return min;
    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_isDisposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isDisposed = true;
+
+        AttachedToVisualTree -= OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree -= OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged -= OnSizeChanged;
+        DialogCancelButton.Click -= (_, _) => CloseDialog();
+        DialogConfirmButton.Click -= (_, _) => ConfirmDialog();
+        DialogRenameTextBox.KeyDown -= OnDialogRenameTextBoxKeyDown;
+
+        if (_isSubscribed)
+        {
+            _studyAnalyticsService.SnapshotUpdated -= OnStudySnapshotUpdated;
+            _isSubscribed = false;
+        }
+    }
 }


--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WeatherClockWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WeatherClockWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Linq;
@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@ using Avalonia.Controls.Shapes;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Styling;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class WeatherClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class WeatherClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private sealed record WeatherClockConfig(
        string LanguageCode,
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public partial class WeatherClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
    };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _settingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly Line _hourHandLine = CreateHandLine("#232938", 4.0);
    private readonly Line _minuteHandLine = CreateHandLine("#2F3749", 2.8);
@@ -59,6 +60,8 @@ public partial class WeatherClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
    private bool? _isNightModeApplied;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
    private HyperOS3WeatherVisualKind _activeVisualKind = HyperOS3WeatherVisualKind.CloudyDay;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWeatherClock;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;

    public WeatherClockWidget()
    {
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ public partial class WeatherClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
        SizeChanged += OnSizeChanged;
+        ActualThemeVariantChanged += OnActualThemeVariantChanged;

        InitializeDialIfNeeded();
        InitializeHandsIfNeeded();
@@ -115,6 +119,21 @@ public partial class WeatherClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
        }
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWeatherClock
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
    public void ApplyCellSize(double cellSize)
    {
        _currentCellSize = Math.Max(1, cellSize);
@@ -238,6 +257,12 @@ public partial class WeatherClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,
        ApplyCellSize(_currentCellSize);
    }

+    private void OnActualThemeVariantChanged(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+    {
+        _isNightModeApplied = null;
+        ApplyModeVisualIfNeeded();
+    }
+
    private void OnClockTimerTick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        UpdateClockVisual();
@@ -652,7 +677,7 @@ public partial class WeatherClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget,

        try
        {
-            var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+            var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
            enabled = snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled;
            intervalMinutes = NormalizeAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes(snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
        }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WeatherWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WeatherWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Media.Imaging;
 using Avalonia.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class WeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class WeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesktopPageVisibilityAwareComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IWeatherInfoAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private enum WeatherVisualKind
    {
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ public partial class WeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesk
    };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _settingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<WeatherVisualKind, IBrush> _backgroundBrushCache = new();
    private readonly Dictionary<HyperOS3WeatherVisualKind, IBrush> _particleBrushCache = new();
@@ -112,6 +113,8 @@ public partial class WeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesk
    private bool _isOnActivePage = true;
    private bool _isRefreshing;
    private bool _autoRefreshEnabled = true;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWeather;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;

    public WeatherWidget()
    {
@@ -167,6 +170,21 @@ public partial class WeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesk
        }
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWeather
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
    public void SetDesktopPageContext(bool isOnActivePage, bool isEditMode)
    {
        _ = isEditMode;
@@ -1063,7 +1081,7 @@ public partial class WeatherWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IDesk

        try
        {
-            var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+            var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
            enabled = snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled;
            intervalMinutes = NormalizeAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes(snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
        }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WeatherWidgetSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WeatherWidgetSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -4,20 +4,23 @@ using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Controls.Primitives;
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class WeatherWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
+public partial class WeatherWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private static readonly IReadOnlyList<int> SupportedIntervals = RefreshIntervalCatalog.SupportedIntervalsMinutes;

    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private bool _suppressEvents;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWeather;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;

    public event EventHandler? SettingsChanged;

@@ -29,10 +32,27 @@ public partial class WeatherWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
        ApplyLocalization();
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWeather
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+    }
+
    private void LoadState()
    {
        var appSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
-        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        _languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(appSnapshot.LanguageCode);

        var enabled = componentSnapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled;
@@ -83,10 +103,10 @@ public partial class WeatherWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl

    private void SaveState()
    {
-        var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled = AutoRefreshCheckBox.IsChecked == true;
        snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = GetSelectedInterval();
-        _componentSettingsService.Save(snapshot);
+        _componentSettingsStore.SaveForComponent(_componentId, _placementId, snapshot);
        SettingsChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
    }

--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WorldClockWidget.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WorldClockWidget.axaml.cs
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ using Avalonia.Layout;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Styling;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class WorldClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget
+public partial class WorldClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, ITimeZoneAwareComponentWidget, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private const int BaseWidthCells = 4;
    private const int BaseHeightCells = 2;
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ public partial class WorldClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IT
    };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly ClockEntryVisual[] _entryVisuals = new ClockEntryVisual[WorldClockTimeZoneCatalog.ClockCount];
    private readonly TimeZoneInfo[] _entryTimeZones = new TimeZoneInfo[WorldClockTimeZoneCatalog.ClockCount];
@@ -103,6 +104,8 @@ public partial class WorldClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IT
    private DateTime _nextLanguageProbeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
    private string _secondHandMode = ClockSecondHandMode.Tick;
    private bool _isNightVisual = true;
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWorldClock;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;

    public WorldClockWidget()
    {
@@ -147,6 +150,21 @@ public partial class WorldClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IT
        UpdateClockVisuals();
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWorldClock
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        RefreshFromSettings();
+    }
+
    public void ApplyCellSize(double cellSize)
    {
        _currentCellSize = Math.Max(1, cellSize);
@@ -525,7 +543,7 @@ public partial class WorldClockWidget : UserControl, IDesktopComponentWidget, IT
    private void LoadFromSettings()
    {
        var appSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
-        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        _languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(appSnapshot.LanguageCode);

        var ids = WorldClockTimeZoneCatalog.NormalizeTimeZoneIds(componentSnapshot.WorldClockTimeZoneIds);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WorldClockWidgetSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/Components/WorldClockWidgetSettingsWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Controls.Primitives;
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

-public partial class WorldClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
+public partial class WorldClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl, IComponentPlacementContextAware, IComponentSettingsStoreAware
 {
    private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> ZhTimeZoneNames =
        new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -28,12 +29,14 @@ public partial class WorldClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
        };

    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
-    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
+    private IComponentInstanceSettingsStore _componentSettingsStore = new ComponentSettingsService();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly TimeZoneService _timeZoneService = new();
    private readonly ComboBox[] _timeZoneComboBoxes;
    private bool _suppressEvents;
    private string _languageCode = "zh-CN";
+    private string _componentId = BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWorldClock;
+    private string _placementId = string.Empty;
    private IReadOnlyList<TimeZoneInfo> _allTimeZones = Array.Empty<TimeZoneInfo>();
    private IReadOnlyList<string> _selectedTimeZoneIds = Array.Empty<string>();
    private string _secondHandMode = ClockSecondHandMode.Tick;
@@ -57,10 +60,29 @@ public partial class WorldClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
        PopulateTimeZoneComboBoxes();
    }

+    public void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _componentId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId)
+            ? BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWorldClock
+            : componentId.Trim();
+        _placementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+        PopulateTimeZoneComboBoxes();
+    }
+
+    public void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore)
+    {
+        _componentSettingsStore = settingsStore ?? new ComponentSettingsService();
+        LoadState();
+        ApplyLocalization();
+        PopulateTimeZoneComboBoxes();
+    }
+
    private void LoadState()
    {
        var appSnapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
-        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var componentSnapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        _languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(appSnapshot.LanguageCode);

        _allTimeZones = _timeZoneService
@@ -167,10 +189,10 @@ public partial class WorldClockWidgetSettingsWindow : UserControl
        var normalizedIds = WorldClockTimeZoneCatalog.NormalizeTimeZoneIds(selectedIds, _allTimeZones);
        _secondHandMode = GetSelectedSecondHandMode();

-        var snapshot = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+        var snapshot = _componentSettingsStore.LoadForComponent(_componentId, _placementId);
        snapshot.WorldClockTimeZoneIds = normalizedIds.ToList();
        snapshot.WorldClockSecondHandMode = _secondHandMode;
-        _componentSettingsService.Save(snapshot);
+        _componentSettingsStore.SaveForComponent(_componentId, _placementId, snapshot);

        _selectedTimeZoneIds = normalizedIds;
        SettingsChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.ComponentSystem.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.ComponentSystem.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia;
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ using FluentIcons.Avalonia;
 using FluentIcons.Common;
 using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

@@ -255,14 +256,15 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            return TaskbarContext.Desktop;
        }

-        return SettingsNavListBox?.SelectedIndex switch
+        var selectedItem = SettingsNavView?.SelectedItem as FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NavigationViewItem;
+        return selectedItem?.Tag?.ToString() switch
        {
-            0 => TaskbarContext.SettingsWallpaper,
-            1 => TaskbarContext.SettingsGrid,
-            2 => TaskbarContext.SettingsColor,
-            3 => TaskbarContext.SettingsStatusBar,
-            4 => TaskbarContext.SettingsWeather,
-            5 => TaskbarContext.SettingsRegion,
+            "Wallpaper" => TaskbarContext.SettingsWallpaper,
+            "Grid" => TaskbarContext.SettingsGrid,
+            "Color" => TaskbarContext.SettingsColor,
+            "StatusBar" => TaskbarContext.SettingsStatusBar,
+            "Weather" => TaskbarContext.SettingsWeather,
+            "Region" => TaskbarContext.SettingsRegion,
            _ => TaskbarContext.Desktop
        };
    }
@@ -681,23 +683,34 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        }

        ClearTimeZoneServiceBindings(_selectedDesktopComponentHost);
+        DisposeComponentIfNeeded(_selectedDesktopComponentHost);

        if (_desktopPageComponentGrids.TryGetValue(placement.PageIndex, out var pageGrid))
        {
            pageGrid.Children.Remove(_selectedDesktopComponentHost);
        }

-        // Remove from persisted placement list as well.
        _desktopComponentPlacements.Remove(placement);
+        _componentSettingsService.DeleteForComponent(placement.ComponentId, placement.PlacementId);

        ClearDesktopComponentSelection();

        ApplyTaskbarActionVisibility(GetCurrentTaskbarContext());

-        // 娣囨繂鐡ㄧ拋鍓х枂
        PersistSettings();
    }

+    private static void DisposeComponentIfNeeded(Border host)
+    {
+        if (TryGetContentHost(host) is Border contentHost && contentHost.Child is Control componentControl)
+        {
+            if (componentControl is IDisposable disposableComponent)
+            {
+                disposableComponent.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
    private void OpenComponentSettings()
    {
        if (_selectedDesktopComponentHost is null || _selectedDesktopComponentHost.Tag is not string placementId)
@@ -714,80 +727,80 @@ public partial class MainWindow

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.Date)
        {
-            OpenDateComponentSettings();
+            OpenDateComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClock)
        {
-            OpenDesktopClockComponentSettings();
+            OpenDesktopClockComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopClassSchedule)
        {
-            OpenClassScheduleComponentSettings();
+            OpenClassScheduleComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWorldClock)
        {
-            OpenWorldClockComponentSettings();
+            OpenWorldClockComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (IsWeatherComponentId(placement.ComponentId))
        {
-            OpenWeatherComponentSettings();
+            OpenWeatherComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopDailyArtwork)
        {
-            OpenDailyArtworkComponentSettings();
+            OpenDailyArtworkComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopCnrDailyNews)
        {
-            OpenCnrDailyNewsComponentSettings();
+            OpenCnrDailyNewsComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopIfengNews)
        {
-            OpenIfengNewsComponentSettings();
+            OpenIfengNewsComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopDailyWord ||
            placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopDailyWord2x2)
        {
-            OpenDailyWordComponentSettings();
+            OpenDailyWordComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopBilibiliHotSearch)
        {
-            OpenBilibiliHotSearchComponentSettings();
+            OpenBilibiliHotSearchComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopBaiduHotSearch)
        {
-            OpenBaiduHotSearchComponentSettings();
+            OpenBaiduHotSearchComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopStcn24Forum)
        {
-            OpenStcn24ForumComponentSettings();
+            OpenStcn24ForumComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }

        if (placement.ComponentId == BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopStudyEnvironment)
        {
-            OpenStudyEnvironmentComponentSettings();
+            OpenStudyEnvironmentComponentSettings(placement);
            return;
        }
    }
@@ -801,212 +814,129 @@ public partial class MainWindow
               string.Equals(componentId, BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopExtendedWeather, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
    }

-    private void OpenDateComponentSettings()
+    private void ShowComponentSettings(Control settingsContent, DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
        {
            return;
        }

-        var settingsContent = new DateWidgetSettingsWindow();
+        var runtimeContext = new DesktopComponentRuntimeContext(
+            placement.ComponentId,
+            placement.PlacementId,
+            _componentSettingsService);
+
+        if (settingsContent is IComponentRuntimeContextAware runtimeContextAwareComponent)
+        {
+            runtimeContextAwareComponent.SetComponentRuntimeContext(runtimeContext);
+        }
+
+        if (settingsContent is IComponentPlacementContextAware placementAwareComponent)
+        {
+            placementAwareComponent.SetComponentPlacementContext(placement.ComponentId, placement.PlacementId);
+        }
+
+        if (settingsContent is IComponentSettingsStoreAware settingsStoreAwareComponent)
+        {
+            settingsStoreAwareComponent.SetComponentSettingsStore(_componentSettingsService);
+        }
+
+        ComponentSettingsService.ApplyScopedContextToTarget(settingsContent, placement.ComponentId, placement.PlacementId);
+
        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-        
        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        
        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
    }

-    private void OpenClassScheduleComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenDateComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
+        var settingsContent = new DateWidgetSettingsWindow();
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
+    }

+    private void OpenClassScheduleComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
+    {
        var settingsContent = new ClassScheduleSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnClassScheduleSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenDesktopClockComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenDesktopClockComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new AnalogClockWidgetSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnDesktopClockSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenWorldClockComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenWorldClockComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new WorldClockWidgetSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnWorldClockSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenWeatherComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenWeatherComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new WeatherWidgetSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnWeatherSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenStudyEnvironmentComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenStudyEnvironmentComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new StudyEnvironmentWidgetSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnStudyEnvironmentSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenDailyArtworkComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenDailyArtworkComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new DailyArtworkSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnDailyArtworkSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenCnrDailyNewsComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenCnrDailyNewsComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new CnrDailyNewsSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnCnrDailyNewsSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenIfengNewsComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenIfengNewsComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new IfengNewsSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnIfengNewsSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenDailyWordComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenDailyWordComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new DailyWordSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnDailyWordSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenBilibiliHotSearchComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenBilibiliHotSearchComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new BilibiliHotSearchSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnBilibiliHotSearchSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenBaiduHotSearchComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenBaiduHotSearchComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new BaiduHotSearchSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnBaiduHotSearchSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

-    private void OpenStcn24ForumComponentSettings()
+    private void OpenStcn24ForumComponentSettings(DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot placement)
    {
-        if (ComponentSettingsWindow is null || ComponentSettingsContentHost is null)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
        var settingsContent = new Stcn24ForumSettingsWindow();
        settingsContent.SettingsChanged += OnStcn24ForumSettingsChanged;
-        ComponentSettingsContentHost.Content = settingsContent;
-
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.IsVisible = true;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 0;
-        ComponentSettingsWindow.Opacity = 1;
+        ShowComponentSettings(settingsContent, placement);
    }

    private void OnClassScheduleSettingsChanged(object? sender, EventArgs e)
@@ -1389,11 +1319,16 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        if (_desktopPageComponentGrids.TryGetValue(_currentDesktopSurfaceIndex, out var pageGrid))
        {
            ClearTimeZoneServiceBindings(pageGrid.Children.OfType<Control>().ToList());
+            foreach (var child in pageGrid.Children.OfType<Border>())
+            {
+                DisposeComponentIfNeeded(child);
+            }
        }
        
        foreach (var placement in placementsToRemove)
        {
            _desktopComponentPlacements.Remove(placement);
+            _componentSettingsService.DeleteForComponent(placement.ComponentId, placement.PlacementId);
        }

        _desktopPageCount = Math.Clamp(_desktopPageCount - 1, MinDesktopPageCount, MaxDesktopPageCount);
@@ -1417,7 +1352,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        ApplyTaskbarActionVisibility(GetCurrentTaskbarContext());
    }

-    private void InitializeDesktopComponentPlacements(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    private void InitializeDesktopComponentPlacements(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        _desktopComponentPlacements.Clear();

@@ -1587,7 +1522,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            placement.PlacementId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
        }

-        var component = CreateDesktopComponentControl(placement.ComponentId);
+        var component = CreateDesktopComponentControl(placement.ComponentId, placement.PlacementId);
        if (component is null)
        {
            return null;
@@ -2021,7 +1956,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        return onLeft || onRight || onTop || onBottom;
    }

-    private Control? CreateDesktopComponentControl(string componentId)
+    private Control? CreateDesktopComponentControl(string componentId, string? placementId = null)
    {
        if (!_componentRuntimeRegistry.TryGetDescriptor(componentId, out var runtimeDescriptor))
        {
@@ -2033,7 +1968,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            _timeZoneService,
            _weatherDataService,
            _recommendationInfoService,
-            _calculatorDataService);
+            _calculatorDataService,
+            _componentSettingsService,
+            placementId);
        component.Classes.Add(DesktopComponentClass);
        return component;
    }
@@ -3181,7 +3118,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow
                _timeZoneService,
                _weatherDataService,
                _recommendationInfoService,
-                _calculatorDataService);
+                _calculatorDataService,
+                _componentSettingsService);
            // Component library previews must stay non-interactive so drag gesture is reliable.
            previewControl.IsHitTestVisible = false;
            previewControl.Focusable = false;
@@ -3278,7 +3216,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow

    private string GetLocalizedComponentDisplayName(DesktopComponentRuntimeDescriptor descriptor)
    {
-        return L(descriptor.DisplayNameLocalizationKey, descriptor.Definition.DisplayName);
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(descriptor.DisplayNameLocalizationKey)
+            ? descriptor.Definition.DisplayName
+            : L(descriptor.DisplayNameLocalizationKey, descriptor.Definition.DisplayName);
    }

    private void OnComponentLibraryComponentPreviewPointerPressed(object? sender, PointerPressedEventArgs e)
@@ -3584,4 +3524,3 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        ApplyComponentLibraryComponentOffset();
    }
 }
-
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.DesktopPaging.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.DesktopPaging.cs
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ public partial class MainWindow

    private int TotalSurfaceCount => LauncherSurfaceIndex + 1;

-    private void InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    private void InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        var loadedPageCount = snapshot.DesktopPageCount <= 0 ? MinDesktopPageCount : snapshot.DesktopPageCount;
        _desktopPageCount = Math.Clamp(loadedPageCount, MinDesktopPageCount, MaxDesktopPageCount);
        _currentDesktopSurfaceIndex = Math.Clamp(snapshot.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex, 0, LauncherSurfaceIndex);
    }

-    private void InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    private void InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(LauncherSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
    {
        _hiddenLauncherFolderPaths.Clear();
        if (snapshot.HiddenLauncherFolderPaths is not null)
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Localization.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Localization.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
 using Avalonia.Layout;
 using FluentIcons.Avalonia;
 using FluentIcons.Common;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;

@@ -107,16 +109,16 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        ToolTip.SetTip(LauncherFolderBackButton, L("common.back", "Back"));
        ToolTip.SetTip(LauncherFolderCloseButton, L("common.close", "Close"));

-        SettingsNavHeaderTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav_header", "Settings");
-        SettingsNavWallpaperTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.wallpaper", "Wallpaper");
-        SettingsNavGridTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.grid", "Grid");
-        SettingsNavColorTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.color", "Color");
-        SettingsNavStatusBarTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.status_bar", "Status Bar");
-        SettingsNavWeatherTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.weather", "Weather");
-        SettingsNavRegionTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.region", "Region");
-        SettingsNavUpdateTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.update", "Update");
-        SettingsNavLauncherTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.launcher", "App Launcher");
-        SettingsNavPluginsTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.plugins", "Plugins");
+        // SettingsNavHeaderTextBlock no longer exists
+        SettingsNavWallpaperItem.Content = L("settings.nav.wallpaper", "Wallpaper");
+        SettingsNavGridItem.Content = L("settings.nav.grid", "Grid");
+        SettingsNavColorItem.Content = L("settings.nav.color", "Color");
+        SettingsNavStatusBarItem.Content = L("settings.nav.status_bar", "Status Bar");
+        SettingsNavWeatherItem.Content = L("settings.nav.weather", "Weather");
+        SettingsNavRegionItem.Content = L("settings.nav.region", "Region");
+        SettingsNavUpdateItem.Content = L("settings.nav.update", "Update");
+        SettingsNavLauncherItem.Content = L("settings.nav.launcher", "App Launcher");
+        SettingsNavPluginsItem.Content = L("settings.nav.plugins", "Plugins");

        WallpaperPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.wallpaper.title", "Personalize your wallpaper");
        WallpaperPlacementSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.wallpaper.placement_label", "Placement");
@@ -127,10 +129,10 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        ClearWallpaperButton.Content = L("settings.wallpaper.clear_button", "Reset");

        GridPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.grid.title", "Grid Layout");
-        GridSpacingPresetLabelTextBlock.Text = L("settings.grid.spacing_label", "Grid Spacing");
+        GridSpacingSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.grid.spacing_label", "Grid Spacing");
        GridSpacingRelaxedComboBoxItem.Content = L("settings.grid.spacing_relaxed", "Relaxed");
        GridSpacingCompactComboBoxItem.Content = L("settings.grid.spacing_compact", "Compact");
-        GridEdgeInsetLabelTextBlock.Text = L("settings.grid.edge_inset_label", "Screen Inset");
+        GridEdgeInsetSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.grid.edge_inset_label", "Screen Inset");
        ApplyGridButton.Content = L("settings.grid.apply_button", "Apply");
        UpdateGridEdgeInsetComputedPxText(_currentDesktopCellSize);

@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        StatusBarSpacingModeCompactItem.Content = L("settings.status_bar.spacing_mode_compact", "Compact");
        StatusBarSpacingModeRelaxedItem.Content = L("settings.status_bar.spacing_mode_relaxed", "Relaxed");
        StatusBarSpacingModeCustomItem.Content = L("settings.status_bar.spacing_mode_custom", "Custom");
-        StatusBarSpacingCustomLabelTextBlock.Text = L("settings.status_bar.spacing_custom_label", "Custom spacing (%)");
+        StatusBarSpacingCustomPanel.Content = L("settings.status_bar.spacing_custom_label", "Custom spacing (%)");

        WeatherPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.weather.title", "Weather");
        WeatherLocationSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.weather.location_source_header", "Location Source");
@@ -212,6 +214,14 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            "Refresh and verify current weather service status.");
        WeatherPreviewButton.Content = L("settings.weather.refresh_button", "Refresh");

+        WeatherLocationSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.weather.location_msg_header", "Location Source");
+        WeatherLocationSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.weather.location_msg_desc",
+            "Choose how weather widgets resolve location.");
+        WeatherLocationModeCityChipItem.Content = L("settings.weather.mode_city", "City Search");
+        WeatherLocationModeCoordinatesChipItem.Content = L("settings.weather.mode_coordinates", "Coordinates");
+        WeatherAutoRefreshToggleSwitch.Content = L("settings.weather.auto_location_toggle", "Auto refresh location on startup");
+
        WeatherAlertFilterSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.weather.alert_filter_header", "Excluded Alerts");
        WeatherAlertFilterSettingsExpander.Description = L(
            "settings.weather.alert_filter_desc",
@@ -248,6 +258,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow

        RegionPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.region.title", "Region");
        LanguageSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.region.language_header", "Language");
+        LanguageSettingsExpander.Description = L("settings.region.language_desc", "Select application language. Changes apply immediately.");
        LanguageChineseItem.Content = L("settings.region.language_zh", "Chinese");
        LanguageEnglishItem.Content = L("settings.region.language_en", "English");
        TimeZoneSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.region.timezone_header", "Time Zone");
@@ -267,19 +278,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            "Right-click an icon in launcher to hide it. Hidden entries appear here.");
        LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock.Text = L("settings.launcher.hidden_empty", "No hidden items.");

-        PluginSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.plugins.title", "Plugins");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.plugins.runtime_header", "Plugin Runtime");
-        PluginSystemSettingsExpander.Description = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_desc",
-            "Manage plugin loading and backend isolation.");
-        PluginSystemDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_hint",
-            "This page will host installed plugin management, permission review, and sandboxed backend runtime controls.");
-        PluginSystemStatusTextBlock.Text = L(
-            "settings.plugins.runtime_status",
-            "Plugin management UI is not connected yet. Next step is wiring the loader, permissions, and worker isolation state into this panel.");
+        ApplyPluginSettingsLocalization();

-        SettingsNavAboutTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.about", "About");
+        SettingsNavAboutItem.Content = L("settings.nav.about", "About");
        AboutPanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.about.title", "About");
        VersionTextBlock.Text = Lf(
            "settings.about.version_format",
@@ -297,6 +298,17 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        AboutStartupSettingsExpander.Description = L(
            "settings.about.startup_desc",
            "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Header = L("settings.about.render_mode_header", "Rendering Mode");
+        AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander.Description = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode_desc",
+            "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.");
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Default, L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Software, L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl, L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"));
+        SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan, L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"));
+        UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus();
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();

        if (WallpaperPlacementComboBox?.ItemCount >= 5)
        {
@@ -323,6 +335,19 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        UpdateWallpaperDisplay();
    }

+    private void SetAppRenderModeComboItemContent(string tag, string content)
+    {
+        var item = AppRenderModeComboBox.Items
+            .OfType<ComboBoxItem>()
+            .FirstOrDefault(candidate =>
+                string.Equals(candidate.Tag?.ToString(), tag, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        if (item is not null)
+        {
+            item.Content = content;
+        }
+    }
+
    private string GetLocalizedTimeZoneDisplayName(TimeZoneInfo timeZone)
    {
        var offset = timeZone.GetUtcOffset(DateTime.UtcNow);
@@ -419,3 +444,4 @@ public partial class MainWindow
                : _weatherLocationKey);
    }
 }
+
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RenderBackend.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RenderBackend.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using System;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private void UpdateCurrentRenderBackendStatus()
+    {
+        var backendInfo = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect();
+        var localizedBackend = GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(backendInfo.ActualBackend);
+
+        CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_label",
+            "Current actual backend");
+        CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock.Text = Lf(
+            "settings.about.render_mode.current_format",
+            "Current backend: {0}",
+            localizedBackend);
+        CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName)
+            ? L(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable",
+                "Runtime implementation is unavailable.")
+            : Lf(
+                "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format",
+                "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+                backendInfo.ImplementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedRenderBackendName(string renderBackend)
+    {
+        return renderBackend switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Default => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown")
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RestartPrompt.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.RestartPrompt.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;
+
+public partial class MainWindow
+{
+    private bool _isRestartPromptVisible;
+
+    private void OnPendingRestartStateChanged()
+    {
+        if (Dispatcher.UIThread.CheckAccess())
+        {
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(UpdatePendingRestartDock);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdatePendingRestartDock()
+    {
+        PendingRestartDock.IsVisible = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingRestart;
+        PendingRestartDockTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.title", "Restart required");
+        PendingRestartDockDescriptionTextBlock.Text = L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.");
+        PendingRestartDockButtonTextBlock.Text = L("settings.restart_dock.button", "Restart app");
+    }
+
+    private async void OnPendingRestartDockButtonClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        await ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync();
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(string selectedMode)
+    {
+        var message = Lf(
+            "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message",
+            "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(_runningAppRenderMode),
+            GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(selectedMode));
+
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(message);
+    }
+
+    private Task ShowGenericRestartPromptAsync()
+    {
+        return ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(L(
+            "settings.restart_dock.description",
+            "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app."));
+    }
+
+    private async Task ShowRestartPromptCoreAsync(string message)
+    {
+        if (_isRestartPromptVisible)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _isRestartPromptVisible = true;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var dialog = new ContentDialog
+            {
+                Title = L("settings.restart_dialog.title", "Restart required"),
+                Content = message,
+                PrimaryButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.restart", "Restart now"),
+                CloseButtonText = L("settings.restart_dialog.cancel", "Cancel"),
+                DefaultButton = ContentDialogButton.Primary
+            };
+
+            var result = await dialog.ShowAsync(this);
+            if (result == ContentDialogResult.Primary)
+            {
+                if (!AppRestartService.TryRestartApplication())
+                {
+                    UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _isRestartPromptVisible = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GetLocalizedAppRenderModeDisplayName(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (renderMode == AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown)
+        {
+            return L("settings.about.render_mode.unknown", "Unknown");
+        }
+
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => L("settings.about.render_mode.software", "Software"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl", "angleEgl"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => L("settings.about.render_mode.wgl", "WGL"),
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => L("settings.about.render_mode.vulkan", "Vulkan"),
+            _ => L("settings.about.render_mode.default", "Default")
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Settings.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Settings.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using FluentIcons.Avalonia;
+using FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent;
 using FluentIcons.Common;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;

@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ using Avalonia.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Platform.Storage;
 using Avalonia.Styling;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;
@@ -28,6 +30,47 @@ namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views;

 public partial class MainWindow
 {
+    private void OnExternalAppSettingsSaved(string sourceInstanceId)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(sourceInstanceId, _appSettingsService.InstanceId, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ScheduleReloadFromExternalSettings();
+    }
+
+    private void OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved(string sourceInstanceId)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(sourceInstanceId, _launcherSettingsService.InstanceId, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ScheduleReloadFromExternalSettings();
+    }
+
+    private void ScheduleReloadFromExternalSettings()
+    {
+        if (_externalSettingsReloadPending)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _externalSettingsReloadPending = true;
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+        {
+            _externalSettingsReloadPending = false;
+
+            if (!IsVisible)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ReloadFromPersistedSettings();
+        }, DispatcherPriority.Background);
+    }
+
    private void OnOpenSettingsClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (_isComponentLibraryOpen)
@@ -49,16 +92,20 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        CloseSettingsPage();
    }

-    private void OnSettingsNavSelectionChanged(object? sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
+    private void OnSettingsNavSelectionChanged(object? sender, FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NavigationViewSelectionChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        UpdateSettingsTabContent();
        PersistSettings();
    }

+    private int GetSettingsTabIndex()
+    {
+        return ResolveSelectedSettingsTabIndex();
+    }
+
    private void UpdateSettingsTabContent()
    {
-        // SelectionChanged can fire during XAML initialization before all named controls are assigned.
-        if (SettingsNavListBox is null ||
+        if (SettingsNavView is null ||
            GridSettingsPanel is null ||
            WallpaperSettingsPanel is null ||
            ColorSettingsPanel is null ||
@@ -73,24 +120,27 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            return;
        }

-        var selectedIndex = SettingsNavListBox.SelectedIndex;
-        WallpaperSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 0;
-        GridSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 1;
-        ColorSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 2;
-        StatusBarSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 3;
-        WeatherSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 4;
-        RegionSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 5;
-        UpdateSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 6;
-        AboutSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 7;
-        LauncherSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 8;
-        PluginSettingsPanel.IsVisible = selectedIndex == 9;
+        var selectedItem = SettingsNavView.SelectedItem as FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NavigationViewItem;
+        var tag = selectedItem?.Tag?.ToString();

-        if (selectedIndex == 8)
+        WallpaperSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Wallpaper";
+        GridSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Grid";
+        ColorSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Color";
+        StatusBarSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "StatusBar";
+        WeatherSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Weather";
+        RegionSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Region";
+        UpdateSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Update";
+        AboutSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "About";
+        LauncherSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Launcher";
+        PluginSettingsPanel.IsVisible = tag == "Plugins";
+        UpdatePluginSettingsPageVisibility(tag);
+
+        if (tag == "Launcher")
        {
            RenderLauncherHiddenItemsList();
        }

-        if (selectedIndex == 1)
+        if (tag == "Grid")
        {
            UpdateGridPreviewLayout();
        }
@@ -864,47 +914,162 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            return;
        }

-        var snapshot = new AppSettingsSnapshot
+        _appSettingsService.Save(BuildAppSettingsSnapshot());
+        _desktopLayoutSettingsService.Save(BuildDesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot());
+        _launcherSettingsService.Save(BuildLauncherSettingsSnapshot());
+
+    }
+
+    internal void ReloadFromPersistedSettings()
+    {
+        _suppressSettingsPersistence = true;
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+            var desktopLayoutSnapshot = _desktopLayoutSettingsService.Load();
+            var launcherSnapshot = _launcherSettingsService.Load();
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(snapshot.TimeZoneId))
+            {
+                _timeZoneService.SetTimeZoneById(snapshot.TimeZoneId);
+            }
+
+            _targetShortSideCells = Math.Clamp(
+                snapshot.GridShortSideCells > 0 ? snapshot.GridShortSideCells : CalculateDefaultShortSideCellCountFromDpi(),
+                MinShortSideCells,
+                MaxShortSideCells);
+
+            _gridSpacingPreset = NormalizeGridSpacingPreset(snapshot.GridSpacingPreset);
+            _suppressGridSpacingEvents = true;
+            GridSpacingPresetComboBox.SelectedIndex =
+                string.Equals(_gridSpacingPreset, "Compact", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? 1 : 0;
+            _suppressGridSpacingEvents = false;
+
+            _desktopEdgeInsetPercent = Math.Clamp(snapshot.DesktopEdgeInsetPercent, MinEdgeInsetPercent, MaxEdgeInsetPercent);
+            _suppressGridInsetEvents = true;
+            GridEdgeInsetSlider.Value = _desktopEdgeInsetPercent;
+            GridEdgeInsetNumberBox.Value = _desktopEdgeInsetPercent;
+            _suppressGridInsetEvents = false;
+
+            _statusBarSpacingMode = NormalizeStatusBarSpacingMode(snapshot.StatusBarSpacingMode);
+            _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent = Math.Clamp(snapshot.StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent, 0, 30);
+            _suppressStatusBarSpacingEvents = true;
+            StatusBarSpacingModeComboBox.SelectedIndex = _statusBarSpacingMode switch
+            {
+                "Compact" => 0,
+                "Custom" => 2,
+                _ => 1
+            };
+            StatusBarSpacingSlider.Value = _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent;
+            StatusBarSpacingNumberBox.Value = _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent;
+            StatusBarSpacingCustomPanel.IsVisible = string.Equals(_statusBarSpacingMode, "Custom", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            _suppressStatusBarSpacingEvents = false;
+
+            GridSizeNumberBox.Value = _targetShortSideCells;
+            GridSizeSlider.Value = _targetShortSideCells;
+
+            RestoreSettingsTabSelection(snapshot);
+
+            UpdateSettingsTabContent();
+            WallpaperPlacementComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetPlacementIndexFromSetting(snapshot.WallpaperPlacement);
+            _defaultDesktopBackground = DesktopWallpaperLayer.Background;
+            ApplyTaskbarSettings(snapshot);
+            InitializeLocalization(snapshot.LanguageCode);
+            InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
+            _ = _componentSettingsService.Load();
+            InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+            InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
+            InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
+            InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
+            InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
+            InitializeDesktopComponentPlacements(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
+            InitializeSettingsIcons();
+
+            TryRestoreWallpaper(snapshot.WallpaperPath);
+            ApplyWallpaperBrush();
+            UpdateWallpaperDisplay();
+
+            if (TryParseColor(snapshot.ThemeColor, out var savedThemeColor))
+            {
+                _selectedThemeColor = savedThemeColor;
+            }
+
+            _isNightMode = snapshot.IsNightMode ?? (CalculateCurrentBackgroundLuminance() < LightBackgroundLuminanceThreshold);
+            ApplyNightModeState(_isNightMode, refreshPalettes: true);
+            _suppressStatusBarToggleEvents = true;
+            StatusBarClockToggleSwitch.IsChecked = _topStatusComponentIds.Contains(BuiltInComponentIds.Clock);
+            _suppressStatusBarToggleEvents = false;
+            ApplyLocalization();
+            ThemeColorStatusTextBlock.Text = Lf("settings.color.theme_ready_format", "Theme color ready: {0}.", _selectedThemeColor);
+            RebuildDesktopGrid();
+            LoadLauncherEntriesAsync();
+            InitializeTimeZoneSettings();
+            ClockWidget.SetTimeZoneService(_timeZoneService);
+            UpdateWallpaperPreviewLayout();
+            UpdateGridPreviewLayout();
+            UpdateAdaptiveTextSystem();
+            ApplyTaskbarActionVisibility(GetCurrentTaskbarContext());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _suppressSettingsPersistence = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private AppSettingsSnapshot BuildAppSettingsSnapshot()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        snapshot.GridShortSideCells = _targetShortSideCells;
+        snapshot.GridSpacingPreset = _gridSpacingPreset;
+        snapshot.DesktopEdgeInsetPercent = _desktopEdgeInsetPercent;
+        snapshot.IsNightMode = _isNightMode;
+        snapshot.ThemeColor = _selectedThemeColor.ToString();
+        snapshot.WallpaperPath = _wallpaperPath;
+        snapshot.WallpaperPlacement = GetPlacementDisplayName(GetSelectedWallpaperPlacement());
+        snapshot.SettingsTabIndex = Math.Max(0, GetSettingsTabIndex());
+        snapshot.SettingsTabTag = GetSelectedSettingsTabTag();
+        snapshot.LanguageCode = _languageCode;
+        snapshot.TimeZoneId = _timeZoneService.CurrentTimeZone.Id;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationMode = ToWeatherLocationModeTag(_weatherLocationMode);
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationKey = _weatherLocationKey;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationName = _weatherLocationName;
+        snapshot.WeatherLatitude = _weatherLatitude;
+        snapshot.WeatherLongitude = _weatherLongitude;
+        snapshot.WeatherAutoRefreshLocation = _weatherAutoRefreshLocation;
+        snapshot.WeatherLocationQuery = BuildLegacyWeatherLocationQuery();
+        snapshot.WeatherExcludedAlerts = _weatherExcludedAlertsRaw;
+        snapshot.WeatherIconPackId = _weatherIconPackId;
+        snapshot.WeatherNoTlsRequests = _weatherNoTlsRequests;
+        snapshot.AutoStartWithWindows = _autoStartWithWindows;
+        snapshot.AppRenderMode = _selectedAppRenderMode;
+        snapshot.AutoCheckUpdates = _autoCheckUpdates;
+        snapshot.IncludePrereleaseUpdates = IncludePrereleaseUpdates;
+        snapshot.UpdateChannel = IncludePrereleaseUpdates ? UpdateChannelPreview : UpdateChannelStable;
+        snapshot.TopStatusComponentIds = _topStatusComponentIds.ToList();
+        snapshot.PinnedTaskbarActions = _pinnedTaskbarActions.Select(action => action.ToString()).ToList();
+        snapshot.EnableDynamicTaskbarActions = _enableDynamicTaskbarActions;
+        snapshot.TaskbarLayoutMode = _taskbarLayoutMode;
+        snapshot.ClockDisplayFormat = _clockDisplayFormat == ClockDisplayFormat.HourMinute ? "HourMinute" : "HourMinuteSecond";
+        snapshot.StatusBarSpacingMode = _statusBarSpacingMode;
+        snapshot.StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent = _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent;
+        return snapshot;
+    }
+    private DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot BuildDesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot()
+    {
+        return new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot
        {
-            GridShortSideCells = _targetShortSideCells,
-            GridSpacingPreset = _gridSpacingPreset,
-            DesktopEdgeInsetPercent = _desktopEdgeInsetPercent,
-            IsNightMode = _isNightMode,
-            ThemeColor = _selectedThemeColor.ToString(),
-            WallpaperPath = _wallpaperPath,
-            WallpaperPlacement = GetPlacementDisplayName(GetSelectedWallpaperPlacement()),
-            SettingsTabIndex = Math.Max(0, SettingsNavListBox?.SelectedIndex ?? 0),
-            LanguageCode = _languageCode,
-            TimeZoneId = _timeZoneService.CurrentTimeZone.Id,
-            WeatherLocationMode = ToWeatherLocationModeTag(_weatherLocationMode),
-            WeatherLocationKey = _weatherLocationKey,
-            WeatherLocationName = _weatherLocationName,
-            WeatherLatitude = _weatherLatitude,
-            WeatherLongitude = _weatherLongitude,
-            WeatherAutoRefreshLocation = _weatherAutoRefreshLocation,
-            WeatherLocationQuery = BuildLegacyWeatherLocationQuery(),
-            WeatherExcludedAlerts = _weatherExcludedAlertsRaw,
-            WeatherIconPackId = _weatherIconPackId,
-            WeatherNoTlsRequests = _weatherNoTlsRequests,
-            AutoStartWithWindows = _autoStartWithWindows,
-            AutoCheckUpdates = _autoCheckUpdates,
-            IncludePrereleaseUpdates = IncludePrereleaseUpdates,
-            UpdateChannel = IncludePrereleaseUpdates ? "Preview" : "Stable",
-            TopStatusComponentIds = _topStatusComponentIds.ToList(),
-            PinnedTaskbarActions = _pinnedTaskbarActions.Select(action => action.ToString()).ToList(),
-            EnableDynamicTaskbarActions = _enableDynamicTaskbarActions,
-            TaskbarLayoutMode = _taskbarLayoutMode,
-            ClockDisplayFormat = _clockDisplayFormat == ClockDisplayFormat.HourMinute ? "HourMinute" : "HourMinuteSecond",
-            StatusBarSpacingMode = _statusBarSpacingMode,
-            StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent = _statusBarCustomSpacingPercent,
            DesktopPageCount = _desktopPageCount,
            CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex = _currentDesktopSurfaceIndex,
-            DesktopComponentPlacements = _desktopComponentPlacements.ToList(),
+            DesktopComponentPlacements = _desktopComponentPlacements.ToList()
+        };
+    }
+    private LauncherSettingsSnapshot BuildLauncherSettingsSnapshot()
+    {
+        return new LauncherSettingsSnapshot
+        {
            HiddenLauncherFolderPaths = _hiddenLauncherFolderPaths.OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase).ToList(),
            HiddenLauncherAppPaths = _hiddenLauncherAppPaths.OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase).ToList()
        };
-
-        _appSettingsService.Save(snapshot);
    }

    private IDisposable? _persistSettingsDebounceTimer;
@@ -1057,6 +1222,61 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        }
    }

+    private void InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(AppSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(snapshot.AppRenderMode);
+        _runningAppRenderMode = ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(_selectedAppRenderMode);
+        var renderModeForUi = PendingRestartStateService.HasPendingReason(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason)
+            ? _selectedAppRenderMode
+            : _runningAppRenderMode;
+
+        if (AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = true;
+        try
+        {
+            AppRenderModeComboBox.IsEnabled = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+            SelectAppRenderModeInUi(renderModeForUi);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void SelectAppRenderModeInUi(string renderMode)
+    {
+        if (AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(renderMode);
+    }
+
+    private static int GetAppRenderModeComboBoxIndex(string renderMode)
+    {
+        return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(renderMode) switch
+        {
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Software => 1,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl => 2,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl => 3,
+            AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan => 4,
+            _ => 0
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveActiveAppRenderModeForUi(string configuredRenderMode)
+    {
+        var detectedRenderMode = AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Detect().ActualBackend;
+        return string.Equals(detectedRenderMode, AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.Unknown, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? configuredRenderMode
+            : AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(detectedRenderMode);
+    }
+
    private static WeatherLocationMode ParseWeatherLocationMode(string? value)
    {
        return string.Equals(value, "Coordinates", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
@@ -1324,6 +1544,33 @@ public partial class MainWindow
        PersistSettings();
    }

+    private void OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged(object? sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (_suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents || AppRenderModeComboBox is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var selectedMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(
+            TryGetSelectedComboBoxTag(AppRenderModeComboBox));
+
+        if (string.Equals(_selectedAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _selectedAppRenderMode = selectedMode;
+        PersistSettings();
+        var requiresRestart = !string.Equals(_runningAppRenderMode, selectedMode, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+        PendingRestartStateService.SetPending(PendingRestartStateService.RenderModeReason, requiresRestart);
+        UpdatePendingRestartDock();
+
+        if (requiresRestart)
+        {
+            _ = ShowRenderModeRestartPromptAsync(selectedMode);
+        }
+    }
+
    private async void OnSearchWeatherCityClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (_isWeatherSearchInProgress || WeatherCitySearchTextBox is null || WeatherCityResultsComboBox is null)
@@ -1753,7 +2000,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            : CalculateCurrentBackgroundLuminance() >= LightBackgroundLuminanceThreshold;
        var isLightNavBackground = _isSettingsOpen
            ? !_isNightMode
-            : CalculateBrushLuminance(SettingsNavPanelBorder?.Background) >= LightBackgroundLuminanceThreshold;
+            : CalculateBrushLuminance(SettingsNavView?.Background) >= LightBackgroundLuminanceThreshold;
        var context = new ThemeColorContext(
            _selectedThemeColor,
            isLightBackground,
@@ -2287,5 +2534,214 @@ public partial class MainWindow
            IconVariant = IconVariant.Regular
        };
    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // --- UserControl Forwarding Properties (Definitive Catch-All List) ---
+    // These properties allow legacy code in MainWindow.axaml.cs and other partials
+    // to access controls that have been moved into independent UserControls.
+    // ========================================================================
+
+    // --- WallpaperSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock WallpaperPanelTitleTextBlock => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WallpaperPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock WallpaperPathTextBlock => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WallpaperPathTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock WallpaperStatusTextBlock => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WallpaperStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal ComboBox WallpaperPlacementComboBox => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("WallpaperPlacementComboBox")!;
+    internal Border WallpaperPreviewHost => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("WallpaperPreviewHost")!;
+    internal Border WallpaperPreviewFrame => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("WallpaperPreviewFrame")!;
+    internal Border WallpaperPreviewViewport => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("WallpaperPreviewViewport")!;
+    internal LibVLCSharp.Avalonia.VideoView? WallpaperPreviewVideoView => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<LibVLCSharp.Avalonia.VideoView>("WallpaperPreviewVideoView");
+    internal Grid WallpaperPreviewGrid => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Grid>("WallpaperPreviewGrid")!;
+    internal Border WallpaperPreviewTopStatusBarHost => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("WallpaperPreviewTopStatusBarHost")!;
+    internal StackPanel WallpaperPreviewTopStatusComponentsPanel => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("WallpaperPreviewTopStatusComponentsPanel")!;
+    internal LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components.ClockWidget WallpaperPreviewClockWidget => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components.ClockWidget>("WallpaperPreviewClockWidget")!;
+    internal Border WallpaperPreviewBottomTaskbarContainer => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("WallpaperPreviewBottomTaskbarContainer")!;
+    internal Border WallpaperPreviewTaskbarFixedActionsHost => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("WallpaperPreviewTaskbarFixedActionsHost")!;
+    internal StackPanel WallpaperPreviewBackButtonVisual => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("WallpaperPreviewBackButtonVisual")!;
+    internal TextBlock WallpaperPreviewBackButtonTextBlock => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WallpaperPreviewBackButtonTextBlock")!;
+    internal StackPanel WallpaperPreviewTaskbarDynamicActionsHost => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("WallpaperPreviewTaskbarDynamicActionsHost")!;
+    internal Border WallpaperPreviewTaskbarSettingsActionHost => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("WallpaperPreviewTaskbarSettingsActionHost")!;
+    internal StackPanel WallpaperPreviewComponentLibraryVisual => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("WallpaperPreviewComponentLibraryVisual")!;
+    internal TextBlock WallpaperPreviewComponentLibraryTextBlock => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WallpaperPreviewComponentLibraryTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentIcons.Avalonia.SymbolIcon WallpaperPreviewSettingsButtonIcon => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentIcons.Avalonia.SymbolIcon>("WallpaperPreviewSettingsButtonIcon")!;
+    internal Button PickWallpaperButton => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("PickWallpaperButton")!;
+    internal Button ClearWallpaperButton => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("ClearWallpaperButton")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander WallpaperPlacementSettingsExpander => WallpaperSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("WallpaperPlacementSettingsExpander")!;
+
+    // --- GridSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock GridPanelTitleTextBlock => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("GridPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal Border GridPreviewHost => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("GridPreviewHost")!;
+    internal Border GridPreviewFrame => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("GridPreviewFrame")!;
+    internal Border GridPreviewViewport => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("GridPreviewViewport")!;
+    internal Canvas GridPreviewLinesCanvas => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Canvas>("GridPreviewLinesCanvas")!;
+    internal Grid GridPreviewGrid => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Grid>("GridPreviewGrid")!;
+    internal Border GridPreviewTopStatusBarHost => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("GridPreviewTopStatusBarHost")!;
+    internal StackPanel GridPreviewTopStatusComponentsPanel => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("GridPreviewTopStatusComponentsPanel")!;
+    internal Border GridPreviewBottomTaskbarContainer => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("GridPreviewBottomTaskbarContainer")!;
+    internal Border GridPreviewTaskbarFixedActionsHost => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("GridPreviewTaskbarFixedActionsHost")!;
+    internal StackPanel GridPreviewBackButtonVisual => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("GridPreviewBackButtonVisual")!;
+    internal TextBlock GridPreviewBackButtonTextBlock => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("GridPreviewBackButtonTextBlock")!;
+    internal StackPanel GridPreviewTaskbarDynamicActionsHost => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("GridPreviewTaskbarDynamicActionsHost")!;
+    internal Border GridPreviewTaskbarSettingsActionHost => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("GridPreviewTaskbarSettingsActionHost")!;
+    internal StackPanel GridPreviewComponentLibraryVisual => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("GridPreviewComponentLibraryVisual")!;
+    internal FluentIcons.Avalonia.FluentIcon GridPreviewComponentLibraryIcon => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentIcons.Avalonia.FluentIcon>("GridPreviewComponentLibraryIcon")!;
+    internal TextBlock GridPreviewComponentLibraryTextBlock => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("GridPreviewComponentLibraryTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentIcons.Avalonia.SymbolIcon GridPreviewSettingsButtonIcon => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentIcons.Avalonia.SymbolIcon>("GridPreviewSettingsButtonIcon")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander GridRowsSettingsExpander => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("GridRowsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander GridSpacingSettingsExpander => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("GridSpacingSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander GridEdgeInsetSettingsExpander => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("GridEdgeInsetSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal Slider GridSizeSlider => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Slider>("GridSizeSlider")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox GridSizeNumberBox => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox>("GridSizeNumberBox")!;
+    internal ComboBox GridSpacingPresetComboBox => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("GridSpacingPresetComboBox")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem GridSpacingRelaxedComboBoxItem => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("GridSpacingRelaxedComboBoxItem")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem GridSpacingCompactComboBoxItem => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("GridSpacingCompactComboBoxItem")!;
+    internal Slider GridEdgeInsetSlider => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Slider>("GridEdgeInsetSlider")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox GridEdgeInsetNumberBox => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox>("GridEdgeInsetNumberBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock GridEdgeInsetComputedPxTextBlock => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("GridEdgeInsetComputedPxTextBlock")!;
+    internal Button ApplyGridButton => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("ApplyGridButton")!;
+    internal TextBlock GridInfoTextBlock => GridSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("GridInfoTextBlock")!;
+
+    // --- ColorSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock ColorPanelTitleTextBlock => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("ColorPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander ThemeModeSettingsExpander => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("ThemeModeSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander ThemeColorSettingsExpander => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("ThemeColorSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal ToggleSwitch NightModeToggleSwitch => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("NightModeToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal TextBlock ThemeColorStatusTextBlock => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("ThemeColorStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock RecommendedColorsLabelTextBlock => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("RecommendedColorsLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock SystemMonetColorsLabelTextBlock => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("SystemMonetColorsLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal Button RecommendedColorButton1 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("RecommendedColorButton1")!;
+    internal Button RecommendedColorButton2 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("RecommendedColorButton2")!;
+    internal Button RecommendedColorButton3 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("RecommendedColorButton3")!;
+    internal Button RecommendedColorButton4 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("RecommendedColorButton4")!;
+    internal Button RecommendedColorButton5 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("RecommendedColorButton5")!;
+    internal Button RecommendedColorButton6 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("RecommendedColorButton6")!;
+    internal Border RecommendedColorSwatch1 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("RecommendedColorSwatch1")!;
+    internal Border RecommendedColorSwatch2 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("RecommendedColorSwatch2")!;
+    internal Border RecommendedColorSwatch3 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("RecommendedColorSwatch3")!;
+    internal Border RecommendedColorSwatch4 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("RecommendedColorSwatch4")!;
+    internal Border RecommendedColorSwatch5 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("RecommendedColorSwatch5")!;
+    internal Border RecommendedColorSwatch6 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("RecommendedColorSwatch6")!;
+    internal Button RefreshMonetColorsButton => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("RefreshMonetColorsButton")!;
+    internal Button MonetColorButton1 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("MonetColorButton1")!;
+    internal Button MonetColorButton2 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("MonetColorButton2")!;
+    internal Button MonetColorButton3 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("MonetColorButton3")!;
+    internal Button MonetColorButton4 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("MonetColorButton4")!;
+    internal Button MonetColorButton5 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("MonetColorButton5")!;
+    internal Button MonetColorButton6 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("MonetColorButton6")!;
+    internal Border MonetColorSwatch1 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("MonetColorSwatch1")!;
+    internal Border MonetColorSwatch2 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("MonetColorSwatch2")!;
+    internal Border MonetColorSwatch3 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("MonetColorSwatch3")!;
+    internal Border MonetColorSwatch4 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("MonetColorSwatch4")!;
+    internal Border MonetColorSwatch5 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("MonetColorSwatch5")!;
+    internal Border MonetColorSwatch6 => ColorSettingsPanel.FindControl<Border>("MonetColorSwatch6")!;
+
+    // --- StatusBarSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock StatusBarPanelTitleTextBlock => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("StatusBarPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander StatusBarClockSettingsExpander => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("StatusBarClockSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander StatusBarSpacingSettingsExpander => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("StatusBarSpacingSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal ToggleSwitch StatusBarClockToggleSwitch => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("StatusBarClockToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal RadioButton ClockFormatHMSSRadio => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<RadioButton>("ClockFormatHMSSRadio")!;
+    internal RadioButton ClockFormatHMRadio => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<RadioButton>("ClockFormatHMRadio")!;
+    internal ComboBox StatusBarSpacingModeComboBox => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("StatusBarSpacingModeComboBox")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem StatusBarSpacingModeCompactItem => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("StatusBarSpacingModeCompactItem")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem StatusBarSpacingModeRelaxedItem => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("StatusBarSpacingModeRelaxedItem")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem StatusBarSpacingModeCustomItem => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("StatusBarSpacingModeCustomItem")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpanderItem StatusBarSpacingCustomPanel => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpanderItem>("StatusBarSpacingCustomPanel")!;
+    internal Slider StatusBarSpacingSlider => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<Slider>("StatusBarSpacingSlider")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox StatusBarSpacingNumberBox => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox>("StatusBarSpacingNumberBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock StatusBarSpacingComputedPxTextBlock => StatusBarSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("StatusBarSpacingComputedPxTextBlock")!;
+
+    // --- RegionSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock RegionPanelTitleTextBlock => RegionSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("RegionPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander LanguageSettingsExpander => RegionSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("LanguageSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander TimeZoneSettingsExpander => RegionSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("TimeZoneSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal ComboBox LanguageComboBox => RegionSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("LanguageComboBox")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem LanguageChineseItem => RegionSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("LanguageChineseItem")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem LanguageEnglishItem => RegionSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("LanguageEnglishItem")!;
+    internal ComboBox TimeZoneComboBox => RegionSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("TimeZoneComboBox")!;
+
+    // --- WeatherSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock WeatherPanelTitleTextBlock => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WeatherPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander WeatherPreviewSettingsExpander => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("WeatherPreviewSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander WeatherLocationSettingsExpander => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("WeatherLocationSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander WeatherCitySearchSettingsExpander => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("WeatherCitySearchSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander WeatherCoordinateSettingsExpander => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("WeatherCoordinateSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander WeatherAlertFilterSettingsExpander => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("WeatherAlertFilterSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander WeatherIconPackSettingsExpander => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("WeatherIconPackSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander WeatherNoTlsSettingsExpander => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("WeatherNoTlsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal Button WeatherPreviewButton => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("WeatherPreviewButton")!;
+    internal ComboBox WeatherLocationModeComboBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("WeatherLocationModeComboBox")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem WeatherLocationModeCityItem => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("WeatherLocationModeCityItem")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem WeatherLocationModeCoordinatesItem => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("WeatherLocationModeCoordinatesItem")!;
+    internal ListBoxItem WeatherLocationModeCityChipItem => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ListBoxItem>("WeatherLocationModeCityChipItem")!;
+    internal ListBoxItem WeatherLocationModeCoordinatesChipItem => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ListBoxItem>("WeatherLocationModeCoordinatesChipItem")!;
+    internal ListBox WeatherLocationModeChipListBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ListBox>("WeatherLocationModeChipListBox")!;
+    internal ToggleSwitch WeatherAutoRefreshToggleSwitch => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("WeatherAutoRefreshToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal Button WeatherSearchButton => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("WeatherSearchButton")!;
+    internal Button WeatherApplyCityButton => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("WeatherApplyCityButton")!;
+    internal Button WeatherApplyCoordinatesButton => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("WeatherApplyCoordinatesButton")!;
+    internal TextBox WeatherExcludedAlertsTextBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBox>("WeatherExcludedAlertsTextBox")!;
+    internal ComboBox WeatherIconPackComboBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("WeatherIconPackComboBox")!;
+    internal ToggleSwitch WeatherNoTlsToggleSwitch => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("WeatherNoTlsToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal TextBox WeatherCitySearchTextBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBox>("WeatherCitySearchTextBox")!;
+    internal ComboBox WeatherCityResultsComboBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("WeatherCityResultsComboBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock WeatherSearchStatusTextBlock => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WeatherSearchStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBox WeatherLocationKeyTextBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBox>("WeatherLocationKeyTextBox")!;
+    internal TextBox WeatherLocationNameTextBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBox>("WeatherLocationNameTextBox")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox WeatherLatitudeNumberBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox>("WeatherLatitudeNumberBox")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox WeatherLongitudeNumberBox => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.NumberBox>("WeatherLongitudeNumberBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock WeatherCoordinateStatusTextBlock => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WeatherCoordinateStatusTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock WeatherPreviewResultTextBlock => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WeatherPreviewResultTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent.SymbolIcon WeatherPreviewIconSymbol => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent.SymbolIcon>("WeatherPreviewIconSymbol")!;
+    internal TextBlock WeatherPreviewTemperatureTextBlock => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WeatherPreviewTemperatureTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock WeatherPreviewUpdatedTextBlock => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WeatherPreviewUpdatedTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.ProgressRing WeatherSearchProgressRing => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.ProgressRing>("WeatherSearchProgressRing")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.ProgressRing WeatherPreviewProgressRing => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.ProgressRing>("WeatherPreviewProgressRing")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem WeatherIconPackFluentRegularItem => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("WeatherIconPackFluentRegularItem")!;
+    internal ComboBoxItem WeatherIconPackFluentFilledItem => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBoxItem>("WeatherIconPackFluentFilledItem")!;
+    internal TextBlock WeatherLocationStatusTextBlock => WeatherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("WeatherLocationStatusTextBlock")!;
+
+    // --- UpdateSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock UpdatePanelTitleTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdatePanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander UpdateOptionsSettingsExpander => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("UpdateOptionsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander UpdateActionsSettingsExpander => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("UpdateActionsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdateCurrentVersionLabelTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdateCurrentVersionLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdateCurrentVersionValueTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdateCurrentVersionValueTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdateLatestVersionLabelTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdateLatestVersionLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdateLatestVersionValueTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdateLatestVersionValueTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdatePublishedAtLabelTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdatePublishedAtLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdatePublishedAtValueTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdatePublishedAtValueTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdateChannelLabelTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdateChannelLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal ListBoxItem UpdateChannelStableChipItem => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<ListBoxItem>("UpdateChannelStableChipItem")!;
+    internal ListBoxItem UpdateChannelPreviewChipItem => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<ListBoxItem>("UpdateChannelPreviewChipItem")!;
+    internal ToggleSwitch AutoCheckUpdatesToggleSwitch => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("AutoCheckUpdatesToggleSwitch")! ;
+    internal ListBox UpdateChannelChipListBox => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<ListBox>("UpdateChannelChipListBox")!;
+    internal Button CheckForUpdatesButton => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("CheckForUpdatesButton")!;
+    internal Button DownloadAndInstallUpdateButton => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<Button>("DownloadAndInstallUpdateButton")!;
+    internal ProgressBar UpdateDownloadProgressBar => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<ProgressBar>("UpdateDownloadProgressBar")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdateDownloadProgressTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdateDownloadProgressTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock UpdateStatusTextBlock => UpdateSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("UpdateStatusTextBlock")!;
+
+    // --- AboutSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock AboutPanelTitleTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("AboutPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutStartupSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutStartupSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal ToggleSwitch AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ToggleSwitch>("AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch")!;
+    internal ComboBox AppRenderModeComboBox => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<ComboBox>("AppRenderModeComboBox")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock VersionTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("VersionTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock CodeNameTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("CodeNameTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock FontInfoTextBlock => AboutSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("FontInfoTextBlock")!;
+
+    // --- LauncherSettingsPage ---
+    internal TextBlock LauncherSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock")!;
+    internal FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander LauncherHiddenItemsSettingsExpander => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls.SettingsExpander>("LauncherHiddenItemsSettingsExpander")!;
+    internal StackPanel LauncherHiddenItemsListPanel => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<StackPanel>("LauncherHiddenItemsListPanel")!;
+    internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock")!;
+    internal TextBlock LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock => LauncherSettingsPanel.FindControl<TextBlock>("LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock")!;
+
 }

+
+
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Update.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.Update.cs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow

    private void ApplyUpdateLocalization()
    {
-        SettingsNavUpdateTextBlock.Text = L("settings.nav.update", "Update");
+        SettingsNavUpdateItem.Content = L("settings.nav.update", "Update");
        UpdatePanelTitleTextBlock.Text = L("settings.update.title", "Update");

        UpdateCurrentVersionLabelTextBlock.Text = L("settings.update.current_version_label", "Current Version");
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml.cs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ using Avalonia.Styling;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
 using FluentAvalonia.Styling;
 using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
-using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem.Extensions;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Theme;
@@ -88,6 +87,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    }
    private readonly MonetColorService _monetColorService = new();
    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
+    private readonly DesktopLayoutSettingsService _desktopLayoutSettingsService = new();
+    private readonly LauncherSettingsService _launcherSettingsService = new();
    private readonly ComponentSettingsService _componentSettingsService = new();
    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
    private readonly TimeZoneService _timeZoneService = new();
@@ -96,11 +97,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    private readonly IWeatherDataService _weatherDataService = new XiaomiWeatherService();
    private readonly IRecommendationInfoService _recommendationInfoService = new RecommendationDataService();
    private readonly ICalculatorDataService _calculatorDataService = new CalculatorDataService();
-    private readonly ComponentRegistry _componentRegistry = ComponentRegistry
-        .CreateDefault()
-        .RegisterExtensions(
-            JsonComponentExtensionProvider.LoadProvidersFromDirectory(
-                Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Extensions", "Components")));
+    private readonly ComponentRegistry _componentRegistry;
    private readonly DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry _componentRuntimeRegistry;
    private readonly FluentAvaloniaTheme? _fluentAvaloniaTheme;
    private readonly HashSet<string> _topStatusComponentIds = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
@@ -170,21 +167,92 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
    private bool _weatherNoTlsRequests;
    private bool _autoStartWithWindows;
    private bool _suppressAutoStartToggleEvents;
+    private bool _suppressAppRenderModeSelectionEvents;
+    private string _selectedAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+    private string _runningAppRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
    private string _weatherSearchKeyword = string.Empty;
    private bool _isWeatherSearchInProgress;
    private bool _isWeatherPreviewInProgress;
    private ClockDisplayFormat _clockDisplayFormat = ClockDisplayFormat.HourMinuteSecond;
+    private bool _externalSettingsReloadPending;

    private double CurrentDesktopPitch => _currentDesktopCellSize + _currentDesktopCellGap;

    public MainWindow()
    {
+        var pluginRuntimeService = (Application.Current as App)?.PluginRuntimeService;
+        _componentRegistry = DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.Create(pluginRuntimeService);
+
        InitializeComponent();
-        _componentRuntimeRegistry = DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry.CreateDefault(_componentRegistry);
+        InitializePluginSettingsNavigation();
+        _componentRuntimeRegistry = DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.CreateRuntimeRegistry(
+            _componentRegistry,
+            pluginRuntimeService);
        _fluentAvaloniaTheme = Application.Current?.Styles.OfType<FluentAvaloniaTheme>().FirstOrDefault();
+        AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnExternalAppSettingsSaved;
+        LauncherSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged += OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
        PropertyChanged += OnWindowPropertyChanged;
        InitializeDesktopSurfaceSwipeHandlers();
        InitializeDesktopComponentDragHandlers();
+
+        PickWallpaperButton.Click += OnPickWallpaperClick;
+        ClearWallpaperButton.Click += OnClearWallpaperClick;
+        WallpaperPlacementComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnWallpaperPlacementSelectionChanged;
+
+        GridSizeSlider.ValueChanged += OnGridSizeSliderChanged;
+        GridSpacingPresetComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnGridSpacingPresetSelectionChanged;
+        GridEdgeInsetSlider.ValueChanged += OnGridEdgeInsetSliderChanged;
+        ApplyGridButton.Click += OnApplyGridSizeClick;
+
+        NightModeToggleSwitch.Checked += OnNightModeChecked;
+        NightModeToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnNightModeUnchecked;
+        RecommendedColorButton1.Click += OnRecommendedColorClick;
+        RecommendedColorButton2.Click += OnRecommendedColorClick;
+        RecommendedColorButton3.Click += OnRecommendedColorClick;
+        RecommendedColorButton4.Click += OnRecommendedColorClick;
+        RecommendedColorButton5.Click += OnRecommendedColorClick;
+        RecommendedColorButton6.Click += OnRecommendedColorClick;
+        RefreshMonetColorsButton.Click += OnRefreshMonetColorsClick;
+        MonetColorButton1.Click += OnMonetColorClick;
+        MonetColorButton2.Click += OnMonetColorClick;
+        MonetColorButton3.Click += OnMonetColorClick;
+        MonetColorButton4.Click += OnMonetColorClick;
+        MonetColorButton5.Click += OnMonetColorClick;
+        MonetColorButton6.Click += OnMonetColorClick;
+
+        StatusBarClockToggleSwitch.Checked += OnStatusBarClockChecked;
+        StatusBarClockToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnStatusBarClockUnchecked;
+        ClockFormatHMSSRadio.Checked += OnClockFormatChanged;
+        ClockFormatHMRadio.Checked += OnClockFormatChanged;
+        StatusBarSpacingModeComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnStatusBarSpacingModeChanged;
+        StatusBarSpacingSlider.ValueChanged += OnStatusBarSpacingSliderChanged;
+
+        WeatherPreviewButton.Click += OnTestWeatherRequestClick;
+        WeatherLocationModeComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnWeatherLocationModeSelectionChanged;
+        WeatherLocationModeChipListBox.SelectionChanged += OnWeatherLocationModeChipSelectionChanged;
+        WeatherAutoRefreshToggleSwitch.Checked += OnWeatherAutoRefreshToggled;
+        WeatherAutoRefreshToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnWeatherAutoRefreshToggled;
+        WeatherSearchButton.Click += OnSearchWeatherCityClick;
+        WeatherApplyCityButton.Click += OnApplyWeatherCitySelectionClick;
+        WeatherApplyCoordinatesButton.Click += OnApplyWeatherCoordinatesClick;
+        WeatherExcludedAlertsTextBox.LostFocus += OnWeatherExcludedAlertsLostFocus;
+        WeatherIconPackComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnWeatherIconPackSelectionChanged;
+        WeatherNoTlsToggleSwitch.Checked += OnWeatherNoTlsToggled;
+        WeatherNoTlsToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnWeatherNoTlsToggled;
+
+        LanguageComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnLanguageSelectionChanged;
+        TimeZoneComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnTimeZoneSelectionChanged;
+
+        AutoCheckUpdatesToggleSwitch.Checked += OnAutoCheckUpdatesToggled;
+        AutoCheckUpdatesToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnAutoCheckUpdatesToggled;
+        UpdateChannelChipListBox.SelectionChanged += OnUpdateChannelSelectionChanged;
+        CheckForUpdatesButton.Click += OnCheckForUpdatesClick;
+        DownloadAndInstallUpdateButton.Click += OnDownloadAndInstallUpdateClick;
+
+        AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Checked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
+        AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch.Unchecked += OnAutoStartWithWindowsToggled;
+        AppRenderModeComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnAppRenderModeSelectionChanged;
    }

    protected override void OnOpened(EventArgs e)
@@ -193,6 +261,8 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window

        _suppressSettingsPersistence = true;
        var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        var desktopLayoutSnapshot = _desktopLayoutSettingsService.Load();
+        var launcherSnapshot = _launcherSettingsService.Load();

        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(snapshot.TimeZoneId))
        {
@@ -236,7 +306,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        GridSizeSlider.ValueChanged += OnGridSizeSliderChanged;
        GridSizeNumberBox.ValueChanged += OnGridSizeNumberBoxChanged;

-        SettingsNavListBox.SelectedIndex = Math.Clamp(snapshot.SettingsTabIndex, 0, 9);
+        RestoreSettingsTabSelection(snapshot);
        UpdateSettingsTabContent();

        WallpaperPlacementComboBox.SelectedIndex = GetPlacementIndexFromSetting(snapshot.WallpaperPlacement);
@@ -246,10 +316,11 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        InitializeWeatherSettings(snapshot);
        _ = _componentSettingsService.Load();
        InitializeAutoStartWithWindowsSetting(snapshot);
+        InitializeAppRenderModeSetting(snapshot);
        InitializeUpdateSettings(snapshot);
-        InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(snapshot);
-        InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(snapshot);
-        InitializeDesktopComponentPlacements(snapshot);
+        InitializeDesktopSurfaceState(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
+        InitializeLauncherVisibilitySettings(launcherSnapshot);
+        InitializeDesktopComponentPlacements(desktopLayoutSnapshot);
        InitializeSettingsIcons();

        TryRestoreWallpaper(snapshot.WallpaperPath);
@@ -309,6 +380,9 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        _releaseUpdateService.Dispose();
        _wallpaperBitmap?.Dispose();
        _wallpaperBitmap = null;
+        AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnExternalAppSettingsSaved;
+        LauncherSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnExternalLauncherSettingsSaved;
+        PendingRestartStateService.StateChanged -= OnPendingRestartStateChanged;
        PropertyChanged -= OnWindowPropertyChanged;
        DesktopHost.SizeChanged -= OnDesktopHostSizeChanged;
        WallpaperPreviewHost.SizeChanged -= OnWallpaperPreviewHostSizeChanged;
@@ -1324,6 +1398,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        _suppressTimeZoneSelectionEvents = false;
    }

+
    private void OnTimeZoneSelectionChanged(object? sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (_suppressTimeZoneSelectionEvents || TimeZoneComboBox.SelectedItem is not ComboBoxItem item)
@@ -1341,4 +1416,3 @@ public partial class MainWindow : Window
        PersistSettings();
    }
 }
-
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/AboutSettingsPage.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/AboutSettingsPage.axaml
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
+             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
+             xmlns:ui="using:FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls"
+             xmlns:fi="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent"
+             mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="1000"
+             x:Class="LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages.AboutSettingsPage">
+
+    <StackPanel x:Name="AboutSettingsPanel" Spacing="20">
+        <TextBlock x:Name="AboutPanelTitleTextBlock" FontSize="24" FontWeight="SemiBold" Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" Text="About" />
+        
+        <Border Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveSurfaceRaisedBrush}" CornerRadius="{DynamicResource DesignCornerRadiusMd}" Padding="20">
+            <StackPanel Spacing="12">
+                <TextBlock Text="LanMountainDesktop" FontSize="20" FontWeight="SemiBold" Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" />
+                <TextBlock Text="Modern desktop shell experience." FontSize="13" Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}" />
+                <Separator Background="{DynamicResource AdaptiveButtonBorderBrush}" Margin="0,8" />
+                <TextBlock x:Name="VersionTextBlock" Text="Version: 1.0.0" FontSize="13" Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" />
+                <TextBlock x:Name="CodeNameTextBlock" Text="Code Name: Administrate" FontSize="13" FontWeight="SemiBold" Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveAccentBrush}" />
+                <TextBlock x:Name="FontInfoTextBlock" Text="Font: MiSans" FontSize="12" Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}" />
+            </StackPanel>
+        </Border>
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="AboutStartupSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Windows Startup"
+                                 Description="Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows."
+                                 IsExpanded="True">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <fi:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Window" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <ToggleSwitch x:Name="AutoStartWithWindowsToggleSwitch" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="AboutRenderModeSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Rendering Mode"
+                                 Description="Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software."
+                                 IsExpanded="True">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <fi:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Window" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <StackPanel Spacing="4"
+                            Margin="0,4,0,0">
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendLabelTextBlock"
+                               Text="Current actual backend"
+                               FontSize="12"
+                               FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" />
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendValueTextBlock"
+                               Text="Current backend: Software"
+                               FontSize="13"
+                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}" />
+                    <TextBlock x:Name="CurrentRenderBackendImplementationTextBlock"
+                               Text="Runtime implementation is unavailable."
+                               FontSize="12"
+                               TextWrapping="Wrap"
+                               Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}" />
+                </StackPanel>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <ComboBox x:Name="AppRenderModeComboBox"
+                              MinWidth="180"
+                              SelectedIndex="0"
+                              HorizontalAlignment="Right">
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Default" Tag="Default" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Software" Tag="Software" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="angleEgl" Tag="AngleEgl" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="WGL" Tag="Wgl" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem Content="Vulkan" Tag="Vulkan" />
+                    </ComboBox>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+    </StackPanel>
+</UserControl>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/AboutSettingsPage.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/AboutSettingsPage.axaml.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages;
+
+public partial class AboutSettingsPage : UserControl
+{
+    public AboutSettingsPage()
+    {
+        InitializeComponent();
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/ColorSettingsPage.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/ColorSettingsPage.axaml
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
+             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
+             xmlns:ui="using:FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls"
+             xmlns:fi="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia"
+             xmlns:ic="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent"
+             mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="600"
+             x:Class="LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages.ColorSettingsPage">
+    <StackPanel x:Name="ColorSettingsPanel"
+                Spacing="16">
+        <TextBlock x:Name="ColorPanelTitleTextBlock"
+                   FontSize="24"
+                   FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
+                   Text="Color" />
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="ThemeModeSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="&#26085;&#22812;&#27169;&#24335;"
+                                 Description="&#20999;&#25442;&#24212;&#29992;&#30340;&#27973;&#33394;&#25110;&#28145;&#33394;&#20027;&#39064;&#12290;">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <ToggleSwitch x:Name="NightModeToggleSwitch"
+                                  OffContent="Day"
+                                  OnContent="Night" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="ThemeColorSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="&#20027;&#39064;&#33394;"
+                                 Description="&#36873;&#25321;&#24212;&#29992;&#30340;&#20027;&#39064;&#28857;&#32512;&#33394;&#12290;">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                
+                <ui:SettingsExpanderItem>
+                    <ui:SettingsExpanderItem.Footer>
+                        <StackPanel Spacing="12">
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="RecommendedColorsLabelTextBlock"
+                                       Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                       Text="Recommended Colors" />
+                            <WrapPanel ItemWidth="72"
+                                       ItemHeight="56"
+                                       Orientation="Horizontal">
+                                <Button x:Name="RecommendedColorButton1"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="RecommendedColorSwatch1"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="RecommendedColorButton2"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="RecommendedColorSwatch2"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="RecommendedColorButton3"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="RecommendedColorSwatch3"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="RecommendedColorButton4"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="RecommendedColorSwatch4"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="RecommendedColorButton5"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="RecommendedColorSwatch5"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="RecommendedColorButton6"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="RecommendedColorSwatch6"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                            </WrapPanel>
+                        </StackPanel>
+                    </ui:SettingsExpanderItem.Footer>
+                </ui:SettingsExpanderItem>
+
+                <ui:SettingsExpanderItem>
+                    <ui:SettingsExpanderItem.Footer>
+                        <StackPanel Spacing="12">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto"
+                                  ColumnSpacing="10">
+                                <TextBlock x:Name="SystemMonetColorsLabelTextBlock"
+                                           VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                           Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                           Text="System Monet Colors" />
+                                <Button x:Name="RefreshMonetColorsButton"
+                                        Grid.Column="1"
+                                        Padding="10,6"
+                                        Content="Refresh" />
+                            </Grid>
+
+                            <WrapPanel ItemWidth="72"
+                                       ItemHeight="56"
+                                       Orientation="Horizontal">
+                                <Button x:Name="MonetColorButton1"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="MonetColorSwatch1"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="MonetColorButton2"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="MonetColorSwatch2"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="MonetColorButton3"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="MonetColorSwatch3"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="MonetColorButton4"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="MonetColorSwatch4"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="MonetColorButton5"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="MonetColorSwatch5"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                                <Button x:Name="MonetColorButton6"
+                                        Width="68"
+                                        Height="50"
+                                        Padding="8">
+                                    <Border x:Name="MonetColorSwatch6"
+                                            Width="26"
+                                            Height="26"
+                                            CornerRadius="12"
+                                            BorderThickness="0" />
+                                </Button>
+                            </WrapPanel>
+                        </StackPanel>
+                    </ui:SettingsExpanderItem.Footer>
+                </ui:SettingsExpanderItem>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+
+        <TextBlock x:Name="ThemeColorStatusTextBlock"
+                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextMutedBrush}"
+                   Text="Theme color is ready." />
+    </StackPanel>
+</UserControl>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/ColorSettingsPage.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/ColorSettingsPage.axaml.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages;
+
+public partial class ColorSettingsPage : UserControl
+{
+    public ColorSettingsPage()
+    {
+        InitializeComponent();
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/GridSettingsPage.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/GridSettingsPage.axaml
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
+             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
+             xmlns:ui="using:FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls"
+             xmlns:fi="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia"
+             xmlns:ic="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent"
+             xmlns:comp="using:LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components"
+             mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="600"
+             x:Class="LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages.GridSettingsPage">
+    <Grid x:Name="GridSettingsPanel"
+          ColumnDefinitions="*, *"
+          RowDefinitions="Auto, *">
+        <TextBlock x:Name="GridPanelTitleTextBlock"
+                   Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
+                   FontSize="28"
+                   FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
+                   Margin="0,0,0,24"
+                   Text="调整网格布局" />
+
+        <!-- Left Column: Grid Preview -->
+        <Border x:Name="GridPreviewHost"
+                Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0"
+                Margin="0,0,16,0"
+                VerticalAlignment="Top"
+                HorizontalAlignment="Stretch">
+            <Border x:Name="GridPreviewFrame"
+                    HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
+                    CornerRadius="28"
+                    Background="#FF1A1A1A"
+                    Padding="12">
+                <Border x:Name="GridPreviewViewport"
+                        ClipToBounds="True"
+                        CornerRadius="16"
+                        Background="#30111827">
+                    <Panel>
+                        <Canvas x:Name="GridPreviewLinesCanvas"
+                                HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                IsHitTestVisible="False" />
+                        <Grid x:Name="GridPreviewGrid"
+                              HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                              VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                            <Border x:Name="GridPreviewTopStatusBarHost"
+                                Grid.Row="0"
+                                Background="Transparent"
+                                Padding="2">
+                            <StackPanel x:Name="GridPreviewTopStatusComponentsPanel"
+                                        Orientation="Horizontal"
+                                        Spacing="3">
+                            </StackPanel>
+                        </Border>
+
+                        <Border x:Name="GridPreviewBottomTaskbarContainer"
+                                Classes="glass-strong"
+                                Grid.Row="1"
+                                Margin="3"
+                                CornerRadius="16"
+                                Padding="2">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="Auto,*,Auto"
+                                  ColumnSpacing="3">
+                                <Border x:Name="GridPreviewTaskbarFixedActionsHost" Grid.Column="0">
+                                    <StackPanel x:Name="GridPreviewBackButtonVisual" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="3">
+                                        <fi:SymbolIcon Classes="icon-s" Symbol="Window" />
+                                        <TextBlock x:Name="GridPreviewBackButtonTextBlock" Text="回到Windows" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                                    </StackPanel>
+                                </Border>
+                                <StackPanel x:Name="GridPreviewTaskbarDynamicActionsHost"
+                                            Grid.Column="1"
+                                            Orientation="Horizontal"
+                                            HorizontalAlignment="Center"
+                                            Spacing="3" />
+                                <Border x:Name="GridPreviewTaskbarSettingsActionHost" Grid.Column="2">
+                                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="3">
+                                        <StackPanel x:Name="GridPreviewComponentLibraryVisual" IsVisible="False" Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="3">
+                                            <fi:FluentIcon x:Name="GridPreviewComponentLibraryIcon" Classes="icon-s" Icon="Apps" />
+                                            <TextBlock x:Name="GridPreviewComponentLibraryTextBlock" Text="Widget library" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
+                                        </StackPanel>
+                                        <fi:SymbolIcon x:Name="GridPreviewSettingsButtonIcon" Classes="icon-s" Symbol="Settings" />
+                                    </StackPanel>
+                                </Border>
+                            </Grid>
+                        </Border>
+                    </Grid>
+                    </Panel>
+                </Border>
+            </Border>
+        </Border>
+
+        <!-- Right Column: Settings Content -->
+        <StackPanel Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"
+                    Margin="16,0,0,0"
+                    Spacing="16">
+            
+            <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="GridRowsSettingsExpander" Header="Rows" Description="Adjust the density of the grid">
+                    <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                        <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto" ColumnSpacing="12" Width="220">
+                            <Slider x:Name="GridSizeSlider"
+                                    Grid.Column="0"
+                                    Minimum="6"
+                                    Maximum="96"
+                                    TickFrequency="1"
+                                    TickPlacement="None"
+                                    Value="12" />
+                            <ui:NumberBox x:Name="GridSizeNumberBox"
+                                          Grid.Column="1"
+                                          Width="80"
+                                          Minimum="6"
+                                          Maximum="96"
+                                          Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
+                                          Value="12" />
+                        </Grid>
+                    </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander>
+            </Border>
+
+            <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="GridSpacingSettingsExpander" Header="Spacing" Description="Adjust the gap between cells">
+                    <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                        <ComboBox x:Name="GridSpacingPresetComboBox"
+                                  Width="120">
+                            <ComboBoxItem x:Name="GridSpacingRelaxedComboBoxItem" Tag="Relaxed" Content="Relaxed" />
+                            <ComboBoxItem x:Name="GridSpacingCompactComboBoxItem" Tag="Compact" Content="Compact" />
+                        </ComboBox>
+                    </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander>
+            </Border>
+
+            <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="GridEdgeInsetSettingsExpander" Header="Screen Inset" Description="Adjust margins around the desktop">
+                    <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                        <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,Auto" ColumnSpacing="12" Width="220">
+                            <Slider x:Name="GridEdgeInsetSlider"
+                                    Grid.Column="0"
+                                    Minimum="0"
+                                    Maximum="30"
+                                    TickFrequency="1"
+                                    TickPlacement="None"
+                                    Value="18" />
+                            <ui:NumberBox x:Name="GridEdgeInsetNumberBox"
+                                          Grid.Column="1"
+                                          Width="80"
+                                          Minimum="0"
+                                          Maximum="30"
+                                          Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
+                                          Value="18" />
+                        </Grid>
+                    </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <ui:SettingsExpanderItem>
+                        <ui:SettingsExpanderItem.Footer>
+                            <TextBlock x:Name="GridEdgeInsetComputedPxTextBlock"
+                                       Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                       Text=">= 0 px" />
+                        </ui:SettingsExpanderItem.Footer>
+                    </ui:SettingsExpanderItem>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander>
+            </Border>
+
+            <Button x:Name="ApplyGridButton"
+                    HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
+                    Padding="0,10"
+                    Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
+                    Content="应用" />
+
+            <TextBlock x:Name="GridInfoTextBlock"
+                       Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                       Text="Grid: - cols x - rows (1:1)" />
+        </StackPanel>
+    </Grid>
+</UserControl>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/GridSettingsPage.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/GridSettingsPage.axaml.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages;
+
+public partial class GridSettingsPage : UserControl
+{
+    public GridSettingsPage()
+    {
+        InitializeComponent();
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/LauncherSettingsPage.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/LauncherSettingsPage.axaml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
+             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
+             xmlns:ui="using:FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls"
+             xmlns:fi="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent"
+             mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="1000"
+             x:Class="LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages.LauncherSettingsPage">
+
+    <StackPanel x:Name="LauncherSettingsPanel" Spacing="16">
+        <TextBlock x:Name="LauncherSettingsPanelTitleTextBlock"
+                   FontSize="24"
+                   FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
+                   Text="App Launcher" />
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="LauncherHiddenItemsSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Hidden Items"
+                                 Description="Review hidden launcher entries and show them again."
+                                 IsExpanded="True">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <ui:FontIconSource Glyph="&#xe71e;" FontFamily="{StaticResource SymbolThemeFontFamily}" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <StackPanel Spacing="10">
+                        <TextBlock x:Name="LauncherHiddenItemsDescriptionTextBlock"
+                                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                   Text="Right-click an icon in launcher to hide it. Hidden entries appear here." />
+                        <TextBlock x:Name="LauncherHiddenItemsEmptyTextBlock"
+                                   IsVisible="False"
+                                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextSecondaryBrush}"
+                                   Text="No hidden items." />
+                        <ScrollViewer MaxHeight="420"
+                                      VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto"
+                                      HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled">
+                            <StackPanel x:Name="LauncherHiddenItemsListPanel"
+                                        Spacing="8" />
+                        </ScrollViewer>
+                    </StackPanel>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+    </StackPanel>
+</UserControl>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/LauncherSettingsPage.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/LauncherSettingsPage.axaml.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages;
+
+public partial class LauncherSettingsPage : UserControl
+{
+    public LauncherSettingsPage()
+    {
+        InitializeComponent();
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/RegionSettingsPage.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Views/SettingsPages/RegionSettingsPage.axaml
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
+             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
+             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
+             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
+             xmlns:ui="using:FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls"
+             xmlns:fi="using:FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent"
+             mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="800" d:DesignHeight="600"
+             x:Class="LanMountainDesktop.Views.SettingsPages.RegionSettingsPage">
+
+    <StackPanel x:Name="RegionSettingsPanel"
+                Spacing="16">
+        <TextBlock x:Name="RegionPanelTitleTextBlock"
+                   FontSize="24"
+                   FontWeight="SemiBold"
+                   Foreground="{DynamicResource AdaptiveTextPrimaryBrush}"
+                   Text="Region" />
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="LanguageSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Language"
+                                 Description="Select application language. Changes apply immediately.">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <fi:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Translate" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <ComboBox x:Name="LanguageComboBox"
+                              Width="220">
+                        <ComboBoxItem x:Name="LanguageChineseItem" Tag="zh-CN" Content="中文" />
+                        <ComboBoxItem x:Name="LanguageEnglishItem" Tag="en-US" Content="English" />
+                    </ComboBox>
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+
+        <Border Classes="settings-expander-shell">
+            <ui:SettingsExpander x:Name="TimeZoneSettingsExpander"
+                                 Header="Time Zone"
+                                 Description="Select a time zone. Clock and calendar widgets will follow this zone.">
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                    <fi:SymbolIconSource Symbol="Clock" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.IconSource>
+                <ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+                    <ComboBox x:Name="TimeZoneComboBox"
+                              Width="280" />
+                </ui:SettingsExpander.Footer>
+            </ui:SettingsExpander>
+        </Border>
+    </StackPanel>
+</UserControl>
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
lincube	d33d8d3391	0.5.7 示例插件	2026-03-10 00:40:26 +08:00
lincube	9c89c08448	0.5.6 插件系统再进化	2026-03-10 00:04:33 +08:00
lincube	ec7b78bc63	0.5.5 现已支持更改关键设置时提醒重启功能	2026-03-09 22:26:42 +08:00
lincube	e97db00999	0.5.4 项目重启优化。	2026-03-09 17:54:49 +08:00
lincube	8bb6b01236	0.5.3 试验性引入渲染模式切换	2026-03-09 15:11:48 +08:00
lincube	103b215e35	0.5.2 后端服务支持	2026-03-09 14:14:50 +08:00
lincube	cab35f4c22	0.5.1 插件系统试验	2026-03-09 12:27:33 +08:00
lincube	c9f92a4755	0.5.0 设置优化	2026-03-08 14:00:13 +08:00
lincube	854deae801	0.4.12 模块化解耦	2026-03-08 04:22:19 +08:00
lincube	d72cd42483	0.4.11	2026-03-08 03:23:03 +08:00
lincube	3aee31c6c0	0.4.10 自习数据采样优化	2026-03-07 22:44:00 +08:00
lincube	435b96c50c	0.4.9.3 内存泄露问题解决	2026-03-07 22:05:18 +08:00