0.5.20

我认为很稳定了，后面就要开始弄插件不稳定了
0.5.19.1
2026-06-20 23:54:26 +08:00 · 2026-03-12 12:25:22 +08:00 · 2026-03-12 10:07:23 +08:00 · 2026-03-12 09:22:03 +08:00 · 2026-03-12 00:34:49 +08:00 · 2026-03-12 00:18:04 +08:00
266 changed files with 38284 additions and 3298 deletions
--- a/.github/FIX_REPORT.md
+++ b/.github/FIX_REPORT.md
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ MSBUILD : error MSB1003: Specify a project or solution file.
 The current working directory does not contain a project or solution file.
 ```

-**原因**: 项目中缺少 `LanMountainDesktop.sln` 解决方案文件，但工作流尝试执行 `dotnet restore` 而没有指定项目。
+**原因**: 项目中缺少 `LanMountainDesktop.slnx` 解决方案文件，但工作流尝试执行 `dotnet restore` 而没有指定项目。

 ---

 ## 🔧 已采取的修复

-### 1. 创建解决方案文件
-✅ 创建了标准的 `LanMountainDesktop.sln` 文件，包含：
+### 1. 创建 `.slnx` 解决方案文件
+✅ 创建了标准的 `LanMountainDesktop.slnx` 文件，包含：
 - `LanMountainDesktop/LanMountainDesktop.csproj`

 ### 2. 验证本地构建工作
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ The current working directory does not contain a project or solution file.

 ## 📋 解决方案文件内容

-包含主桌面项目的标准 Visual Studio 解决方案格式：
+包含主桌面项目的标准 XML 解决方案格式：

 ```
-LanMountainDesktop.sln
+LanMountainDesktop.slnx
 └── LanMountainDesktop (Desktop UI - Avalonia)
 ```

@@ -50,10 +50,11 @@ LanMountainDesktop.sln

 ```bash
 # 1. 添加新创建的解决方案文件
-git add LanMountainDesktop.sln
+git add LanMountainDesktop.slnx
+git add global.json

 # 2. 提交
-git commit -m "Add solution file for desktop project"
+git commit -m "Migrate desktop solution to .slnx"

 # 3. 推送
 git push origin main
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ git push origin v1.0.1
 | `.github/workflows/code-quality.yml` | 代码质量检查 | ✅ 可用 |
 | `.github/workflows/release.yml` | 多平台发布 | ✅ 可用 |
 | `.github/workflows/issue-management.yml` | Issue自动管理 | ✅ 可用 |
-| `LanMountainDesktop.sln` | 解决方案文件 | ✅ 已修复 |
+| `LanMountainDesktop.slnx` | 解决方案文件 | ✅ 已修复 |

 ---

--- a/.github/README.md
+++ b/.github/README.md
@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@
 - 扩展契约与字段说明见组件系统文档：`LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/README.md`。

 ## 当前状态
- 项目包含桌面端与推荐后端两个子项目，并在同一 solution 中维护。
+- 项目包含桌面端与推荐后端两个子项目，并在同一 `LanMountainDesktop.slnx` 工作区中维护。
 - 配置默认写入本地：`%LOCALAPPDATA%\LanMountainDesktop\settings.json`。
 - 当前体验以 Windows 为主要目标平台。
+- SDK 版本由仓库根目录 `global.json` 锁定。

 ## 运行说明
 运行与环境准备已拆分到独立文档：[`run.md`](./run.md)
--- a/.github/workflows/airappmarket-validate.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/airappmarket-validate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: AirAppMarket Validate
+
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - "airappmarket/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/airappmarket-validate.yml"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "airappmarket/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/airappmarket-validate.yml"
+
+jobs:
+  validate:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup .NET
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: "10.0.x"
+
+      - name: Validate AirAppMarket index
+        run: dotnet run --project airappmarket/tools/AirAppMarket.Validator -- airappmarket/index.json airappmarket/schema/airappmarket-index.schema.json
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ on:

 env:
  DOTNET_VERSION: '10.0.x'
-  Solution_Name: LanMountainDesktop.sln
+  Solution_Name: LanMountainDesktop.slnx

 jobs:
  build-windows:
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ jobs:
          dotnet-version: ${{ env.DOTNET_VERSION }}

      - name: Restore
-        run: dotnet restore
+        run: dotnet restore ${{ env.Solution_Name }}

      - name: Build
-        run: dotnet build --no-restore -c Release -v minimal
+        run: dotnet build ${{ env.Solution_Name }} --no-restore -c Release -v minimal

      - name: Upload artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ jobs:
          dotnet-version: ${{ env.DOTNET_VERSION }}

      - name: Restore
-        run: dotnet restore
+        run: dotnet restore ${{ env.Solution_Name }}

      - name: Build
-        run: dotnet build --no-restore -c Release -v minimal
+        run: dotnet build ${{ env.Solution_Name }} --no-restore -c Release -v minimal

      - name: Upload artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
--- a/.github/workflows/code-quality.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/code-quality.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ on:

 env:
  DOTNET_VERSION: '10.0.x'
-  Solution_Name: LanMountainDesktop.sln
+  Solution_Name: LanMountainDesktop.slnx

 jobs:
  analyze:
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ on:

 env:
  DOTNET_VERSION: '10.0.x'
-  Solution_Name: LanMountainDesktop.sln
+  Solution_Name: LanMountainDesktop.slnx

 jobs:
  prepare:
@@ -275,6 +275,8 @@ jobs:
          package_name="LanMountainDesktop"
          package_version="${version}"
          arch="amd64"
+          desktop_template="LanMountainDesktop/packaging/linux/LanMountainDesktop.desktop"
+          icon_source="LanMountainDesktop/packaging/linux/lanmountaindesktop.png"
          
          # Verify source directory exists
          if [ ! -d "$source" ]; then
@@ -288,6 +290,7 @@ jobs:
          mkdir -p "build-deb/usr/local/bin"
          mkdir -p "build-deb/usr/share/applications"
          mkdir -p "build-deb/usr/share/pixmaps"
+          mkdir -p "build-deb/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps"
          
          # Copy application files
          cp -r "$source"/* "build-deb/usr/local/bin/"
@@ -300,6 +303,31 @@ jobs:
            echo "Error: DEB package is empty after copy"
            exit 1
          fi
+
+          if [ ! -f "$desktop_template" ] || [ ! -f "$icon_source" ]; then
+            echo "Error: Linux desktop resources are missing"
+            ls -la "LanMountainDesktop/packaging/linux" || true
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          sed \
+            -e "s|@@EXEC@@|/usr/local/bin/LanMountainDesktop|g" \
+            -e "s|@@ICON@@|lanmountaindesktop|g" \
+            "$desktop_template" > "build-deb/usr/share/applications/LanMountainDesktop.desktop"
+
+          cp "$icon_source" "build-deb/usr/share/pixmaps/lanmountaindesktop.png"
+          cp "$icon_source" "build-deb/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/lanmountaindesktop.png"
+
+          {
+            printf '%s\n' '#!/bin/sh'
+            printf '%s\n' 'set -e'
+            printf '%s\n' 'if command -v update-desktop-database >/dev/null 2>&1; then'
+            printf '%s\n' '  update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true'
+            printf '%s\n' 'fi'
+            printf '%s\n' 'if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then'
+            printf '%s\n' '  gtk-update-icon-cache /usr/share/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true'
+            printf '%s\n' 'fi'
+          } > "build-deb/DEBIAN/postinst"
          
          # Create control file (NOTE: No leading spaces in control file)
          {
@@ -313,6 +341,10 @@ jobs:
          
          # Set proper permissions
          chmod 755 "build-deb/usr/local/bin/LanMountainDesktop" || chmod 755 "build-deb/usr/local/bin"/*
+          chmod 644 "build-deb/usr/share/applications/LanMountainDesktop.desktop"
+          chmod 644 "build-deb/usr/share/pixmaps/lanmountaindesktop.png"
+          chmod 644 "build-deb/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/lanmountaindesktop.png"
+          chmod 755 "build-deb/DEBIAN/postinst"
          
          # Create DEB file
          if dpkg-deb --build "build-deb" "${package_name}_${package_version}_${arch}.deb"; then
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -482,3 +482,33 @@ $RECYCLE.BIN/
 *.swp
 nul
 /publish-test
+/_build_verify
+/_build_verify_tray
+/_build_verify_plugin
+/_build_verify_plugin_tabs
+/_build_verify_sample_plugin
+/_build_verify_sample_plugin_capabilities
+/_build_verify_plugin_page_host
+/_build_verify_plugin_services
+/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/_build_verify_*/
+/_build_obj
+
+# LanMountainDesktop local workspace files
+/.arts/
+/.knox/
+/.lingma/
+/.tmp/
+/publish-test/
+/validator-restore.log
+/temp_old_main.axaml
+/temp_old_main_utf8.axaml
+
+# LanMountainDesktop local packaging outputs
+/build-installer/
+/build-deb/
+/dmg-temp/
+/release-files/
+/LanMountainDesktop.app/
+/*.deb
+/*.dmg
+/*.AppImage
--- a/LanAirApp/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# LanAirApp
+
+## 中文
+
+`LanAirApp` 是阑山桌面插件生态的对外工作区。这个目录是宿主仓库中的镜像副本，权威版本以独立 `LanAirApp` 仓库为准。
+
+### 目录说明
+
+- `docs/`：插件开发与打包文档。
+- `samples/`：示例插件与参考项目。
+- `standards/`：插件清单和目录结构约定。
+- `tools/`：插件打包与辅助工具。
+
+### 与宿主的关系
+
+- 宿主程序只连接独立 `LanAirApp` 仓库中的官方市场索引。
+- 每个插件项目应在仓库根目录提供 `.laapp` 和 `README.md`。
+
+## English
+
+`LanAirApp` is the external-facing workspace for the LanMountainDesktop plugin ecosystem. This copy is only a mirror inside the host repository; the standalone `LanAirApp` repository remains the source of truth.
--- a/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# 插件开发指南
+
+## 中文
+
+使用 `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk` 开发插件时，至少需要准备：
+
+- `plugin.json`
+- 插件入口程序集
+- 入口类
+- 本地化资源
+
+推荐从示例插件开始，先完成清单、入口、设置页和桌面组件，再逐步扩展业务逻辑。
+
+## English
+
+To build a plugin with `LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk`, prepare the manifest, plugin assembly, entrance class, and localization resources first.
--- a/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_PACKAGING.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/docs/PLUGIN_PACKAGING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# 插件打包指南
+
+## 中文
+
+阑山桌面插件的标准安装格式为 `.laapp`。插件项目应在仓库根目录提供：
+
+- `.laapp` 安装包
+- `README.md`
+
+官方市场索引只负责记录链接和校验信息。
+
+## English
+
+The standard package format is `.laapp`. Plugin repositories should keep the package and `README.md` in the repository root, while the official market index stores metadata and validation data.
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <EnableDynamicLoading>true</EnableDynamicLoading>
+    <OutputPath>bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\content\</OutputPath>
+    <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>false</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
+    <AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>false</AppendRuntimeIdentifierToOutputPath>
+    <PluginPackageOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\</PluginPackageOutputDirectory>
+    <PluginPackagePath>$(PluginPackageOutputDirectory)$(AssemblyName).laapp</PluginPackagePath>
+    <LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop\bin\$(Configuration)\$(TargetFramework)\Extensions\Plugins\SamplePlugin\</LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" Private="false" />
+    <None Include="plugin.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+    <None Include="Localization\*.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <Target Name="CreateLaappPackage" AfterTargets="Build">
+    <MakeDir Directories="$(PluginPackageOutputDirectory)" />
+    <RemoveDir Directories="$(LegacyLoosePluginOutputDirectory)" />
+    <Delete Files="$(PluginPackagePath)" TreatErrorsAsWarnings="true" />
+    <ZipDirectory SourceDirectory="$(OutputPath)" DestinationFile="$(PluginPackagePath)" />
+  </Target>
+
+</Project>
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/en-US.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/en-US.json
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "Plugin Status",
+  "plugin.name": "LanMountain Sample Plugin",
+  "plugin.description": "Example plugin used to validate PluginSdk loading, services, communication, and localization.",
+  "widget.display_name": "Sample Plugin Status Clock",
+  "widget.category": "Plugins",
+  "settings.header.title": "Sample Plugin Capability Inspector",
+  "settings.section.info": "Plugin Info",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "Accessible Capabilities",
+  "settings.section.status": "Live Runtime Status",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "Plugin Name",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "Plugin Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "Version",
+  "settings.info.author": "Author",
+  "settings.info.description": "Description",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "Plugin Directory",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "Data Directory",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "Host Application",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "Host Version",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API Version",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "State Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "Clock Service Resolved",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "Message Bus Resolved",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "Component Placed",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "Placed Count",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "Preview Count",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "Placement Ids",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "Last Component Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "Last Cell Size",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "Clock Service Time",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "Updated: {0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "Frontend Status",
+  "status.component.title": "Component Status",
+  "status.backend.title": "Backend Status",
+  "status.service.title": "Clock Service",
+  "status.summary.pending": "Pending",
+  "status.summary.attached": "Attached",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "Healthy",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "Faulted",
+  "status.summary.placed": "Placed",
+  "status.summary.preview": "Preview",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "Waiting for a plugin UI surface to connect.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "Settings page is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "Widget surface is connected to plugin services and communication.",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "No component instance has been created yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "No component instance is active.",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "Preview instances: {0}; no placed desktop instance is active yet.",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "Placed count: {0}; preview count: {1}; placements: {2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "Plugin initialization is in progress.",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "Initialization log written to: {0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "Initialization log write failed: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "Clock service is not attached yet.",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "Clock service was attached and is waiting for the first tick.",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "Clock service is running. Current service time: {0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "Clock state write failed: {0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "Readable. Current plugin id: {0}; version: {1}.",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "Readable. Plugin directory: {0}; data directory: {1}.",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "Readable. Host properties currently exposed: {0}.",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "Callable. State service resolved: {0}; clock service resolved: {1}; message bus resolved: {2}.",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "Callable during plugin initialization. This sample plugin registers SamplePluginRuntimeStateService and SamplePluginClockService into the plugin service container.",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "Plugin Communication Bus",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "This sample plugin uses IPluginMessageBus to push clock ticks and state change notifications into plugin UI surfaces.",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "Widgets can read ComponentId, PlacementId, CellSize, and call GetService<T>() against the same plugin service container.",
+  "widget.close_desktop.display_name": "Close Desktop",
+  "widget.close_desktop.text": "Close Desktop",
+  "widget.close_desktop.hint": "Exit LanMountainDesktop on click",
+  "widget.close_desktop.unavailable": "Host lifecycle API is unavailable",
+  "widget.close_desktop.failed": "Host rejected the exit request",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "Preview surface | placed: {0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "Placement {0} | placed: {1}",
+  "common.dev": "dev",
+  "common.none": "(none)",
+  "common.unknown": "(unknown)",
+  "common.true": "true",
+  "common.false": "false",
+  "common.yes": "Yes",
+  "common.no": "No"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/zh-CN.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/Localization/zh-CN.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "settings.page_title": "插件状态",
+  "plugin.name": "阑山示例插件",
+  "plugin.description": "用于验证 PluginSdk 加载、服务、通信与本地化能力的示例插件。",
+  "widget.display_name": "示例插件状态时钟",
+  "widget.category": "插件",
+  "settings.header.title": "示例插件能力检查器",
+  "settings.section.info": "插件信息",
+  "settings.section.capabilities": "可访问能力",
+  "settings.section.status": "实时运行状态",
+  "settings.info.plugin_name": "插件名称",
+  "settings.info.plugin_id": "插件 Id",
+  "settings.info.version": "版本",
+  "settings.info.author": "作者",
+  "settings.info.description": "描述",
+  "settings.info.plugin_directory": "插件目录",
+  "settings.info.data_directory": "数据目录",
+  "settings.info.host_application": "宿主应用",
+  "settings.info.host_version": "宿主版本",
+  "settings.info.sdk_api_version": "SDK API 版本",
+  "settings.info.state_service_resolved": "状态服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_resolved": "时钟服务已解析",
+  "settings.info.message_bus_resolved": "消息总线已解析",
+  "settings.info.component_placed": "组件是否已放置",
+  "settings.info.placed_count": "已放置数量",
+  "settings.info.preview_count": "预览数量",
+  "settings.info.placement_ids": "放置位置 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_component_id": "最近组件 Id",
+  "settings.info.last_cell_size": "最近单元尺寸",
+  "settings.info.clock_service_time": "时钟服务时间",
+  "settings.status.updated_at": "更新时间：{0}",
+  "status.frontend.title": "前端状态",
+  "status.component.title": "组件状态",
+  "status.backend.title": "后端状态",
+  "status.service.title": "时钟服务",
+  "status.summary.pending": "等待中",
+  "status.summary.attached": "已挂接",
+  "status.summary.healthy": "正常",
+  "status.summary.faulted": "异常",
+  "status.summary.placed": "已放置",
+  "status.summary.preview": "预览中",
+  "status.frontend.detail.pending": "等待插件界面接入。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected": "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected": "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。",
+  "status.component.detail.pending": "当前还没有创建组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.none": "当前没有活动中的组件实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.preview": "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+  "status.component.detail.placed": "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+  "status.backend.detail.pending": "插件初始化进行中。",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_written": "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+  "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed": "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.pending": "时钟服务尚未挂接。",
+  "status.service.detail.attached": "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。",
+  "status.service.detail.running": "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+  "status.service.detail.write_failed": "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+  "capability.manifest.title": "IPluginContext.Manifest",
+  "capability.manifest.detail": "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+  "capability.directories.title": "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory",
+  "capability.directories.detail": "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+  "capability.properties.title": "IPluginContext.Properties",
+  "capability.properties.detail": "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+  "capability.get_service.title": "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()",
+  "capability.get_service.detail": "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+  "capability.register_service.title": "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()",
+  "capability.register_service.detail": "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。",
+  "capability.message_bus.title": "插件通信总线",
+  "capability.message_bus.detail": "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。",
+  "capability.widget_context.title": "PluginDesktopComponentContext",
+  "capability.widget_context.detail": "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。",
+  "widget.subtitle.preview": "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}",
+  "widget.subtitle.placement": "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}",
+  "common.dev": "开发版",
+  "common.none": "（无）",
+  "common.unknown": "（未知）",
+  "common.true": "是",
+  "common.false": "否",
+  "common.yes": "是",
+  "common.no": "否"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin
+
+## 中文
+
+这是阑山桌面的标准示例插件，用于演示插件清单、设置页、桌面组件、服务注册、本地化和 `.laapp` 打包流程。
+
+## English
+
+This is the standard sample plugin used to demonstrate manifests, settings pages, desktop components, service registration, localization, and `.laapp` packaging.
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePlugin.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+[PluginEntrance]
+public sealed class SamplePlugin : PluginBase, IDisposable
+{
+    private SamplePluginRuntimeStateService? _stateService;
+    private SamplePluginClockService? _clockService;
+
+    public override void Initialize(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(context.DataDirectory);
+        var localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+
+        var hostName = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostApplicationName, "UnknownHost");
+        var hostVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostVersion, "UnknownVersion");
+        var sdkApiVersion = GetHostProperty(context, PluginHostPropertyKeys.PluginSdkApiVersion, "UnknownApiVersion");
+        var hostApplicationLifecycle = context.GetService<IHostApplicationLifecycle>();
+        var messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Plugin message bus is not available.");
+
+        _stateService = new SamplePluginRuntimeStateService(
+            context.Manifest,
+            context.PluginDirectory,
+            context.DataDirectory,
+            hostName,
+            hostVersion,
+            sdkApiVersion,
+            messageBus,
+            localizer);
+        context.RegisterService(_stateService);
+
+        _clockService = new SamplePluginClockService(context.DataDirectory, _stateService, messageBus, localizer);
+        context.RegisterService(_clockService);
+        _stateService.AttachClockService(_clockService);
+
+        var logPath = Path.Combine(context.DataDirectory, "sample-plugin.log");
+        var initMessage =
+            $"[{DateTimeOffset.UtcNow:O}] {context.Manifest.Name} initialized in {hostName} (plugin version {context.Manifest.Version ?? "dev"}).";
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.AppendAllText(logPath, initMessage + Environment.NewLine);
+            _stateService.MarkBackendReady(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_written",
+                "初始化日志已写入：{0}",
+                logPath));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _stateService.MarkBackendFaulted(localizer.Format(
+                "status.backend.detail.log_write_failed",
+                "初始化日志写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
+            throw;
+        }
+
+        _clockService.Start();
+
+        context.RegisterSettingsPage(new PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+            "status",
+            localizer.GetString("settings.page_title", "插件状态"),
+            () => new SamplePluginSettingsView(context)));
+
+        context.RegisterDesktopComponent(new PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+            "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.StatusClock",
+            localizer.GetString("widget.display_name", "示例插件状态时钟"),
+            widgetContext => new SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(widgetContext),
+            iconKey: "PuzzlePiece",
+            category: localizer.GetString("widget.category", "插件"),
+            minWidthCells: 4,
+            minHeightCells: 4,
+            allowDesktopPlacement: true,
+            allowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+            resizeMode: PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+            cornerRadiusResolver: cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.34, 18, 34)));
+
+        context.RegisterDesktopComponent(new PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+            "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.CloseDesktop",
+            localizer.GetString("widget.close_desktop.display_name", "关闭桌面"),
+            widgetContext => new SamplePluginCloseDesktopWidget(widgetContext),
+            iconKey: "DismissCircle",
+            category: localizer.GetString("widget.category", "鎻掍欢"),
+            minWidthCells: 2,
+            minHeightCells: 1,
+            allowDesktopPlacement: true,
+            allowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+            resizeMode: PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Free,
+            cornerRadiusResolver: cellSize => Math.Clamp(cellSize * 0.28, 14, 22)));
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        _clockService?.Dispose();
+        _clockService = null;
+        _stateService = null;
+    }
+
+    private static string GetHostProperty(IPluginContext context, string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return context.TryGetProperty<string>(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)
+            ? value
+            : fallback;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginCloseDesktopWidget.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginCloseDesktopWidget.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginCloseDesktopWidget : Border
+{
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly IHostApplicationLifecycle? _hostApplicationLifecycle;
+    private readonly TextBlock _titleTextBlock;
+    private readonly TextBlock _statusTextBlock;
+
+    public SamplePluginCloseDesktopWidget(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _hostApplicationLifecycle = context.GetService<IHostApplicationLifecycle>();
+
+        _titleTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = T("widget.close_desktop.text", "关闭桌面"),
+            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+        };
+
+        _statusTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = _hostApplicationLifecycle is null
+                ? T("widget.close_desktop.unavailable", "宿主未提供退出接口")
+                : T("widget.close_desktop.hint", "点击后退出阑山桌面"),
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD4E7F6")),
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+        };
+
+        var contentGrid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 14,
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
+            Children =
+            {
+                CreateIconShell(),
+                new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 2,
+                    VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        _titleTextBlock,
+                        _statusTextBlock
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        Grid.SetColumn(contentGrid.Children[1], 1);
+
+        var actionButton = new Button
+        {
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch,
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch,
+            HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch,
+            VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch,
+            Background = Brushes.Transparent,
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(0),
+            Padding = new Thickness(0),
+            IsEnabled = _hostApplicationLifecycle is not null,
+            Content = contentGrid
+        };
+        actionButton.Click += OnButtonClick;
+
+        Background = new LinearGradientBrush
+        {
+            StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+            EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+            GradientStops =
+            [
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF0B1220"), 0),
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF172554"), 0.55),
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF7F1D1D"), 1)
+            ]
+        };
+        BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#66FB7185"));
+        BorderThickness = new Thickness(1);
+        CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(18);
+        Padding = new Thickness(14, 10);
+        Child = actionButton;
+
+        SizeChanged += OnSizeChanged;
+        ApplyScale();
+    }
+
+    private Border CreateIconShell()
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Width = 36,
+            Height = 36,
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#33F87171")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#88FCA5A5")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
+            Child = new TextBlock
+            {
+                Text = "⏻",
+                FontSize = 18,
+                Foreground = Brushes.White,
+                HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center,
+                VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
+                TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Center
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private void OnButtonClick(object? sender, Avalonia.Interactivity.RoutedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (_hostApplicationLifecycle?.TryExit(new HostApplicationLifecycleRequest(
+                Source: "SamplePlugin.CloseDesktopWidget",
+                Reason: "User invoked the sample plugin close-desktop widget.")) == true)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _statusTextBlock.Text = T("widget.close_desktop.failed", "宿主未接受退出请求");
+    }
+
+    private void OnSizeChanged(object? sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        ApplyScale();
+    }
+
+    private void ApplyScale()
+    {
+        var basis = Bounds.Height > 1 ? Bounds.Height : 72;
+        Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.18, 12, 18), Math.Clamp(basis * 0.14, 8, 14));
+        CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.32, 16, 24));
+
+        if (Child is not Button actionButton || actionButton.Content is not Grid contentGrid)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (contentGrid.Children[0] is Border iconShell)
+        {
+            var iconSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.58, 28, 40);
+            iconShell.Width = iconSize;
+            iconShell.Height = iconSize;
+            if (iconShell.Child is TextBlock iconText)
+            {
+                iconText.FontSize = Math.Clamp(iconSize * 0.5, 14, 20);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _titleTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.28, 14, 20);
+        _statusTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.18, 10, 13);
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginRuntimeStatus.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal enum SamplePluginHealthState
+{
+    Healthy,
+    Pending,
+    Faulted
+}
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginStatusEntry(
+    string Key,
+    string Title,
+    SamplePluginHealthState State,
+    string Summary,
+    string Detail,
+    DateTimeOffset UpdatedAt);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+    string Title,
+    string Detail);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot(
+    PluginManifest Manifest,
+    string PluginDirectory,
+    string DataDirectory,
+    string HostApplicationName,
+    string HostVersion,
+    string SdkApiVersion,
+    IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginStatusEntry> StatusEntries,
+    bool HasPlacedComponent,
+    int PlacedCount,
+    int PreviewCount,
+    IReadOnlyList<string> PlacementIds,
+    string? LastComponentId,
+    double LastCellSize,
+    DateTimeOffset? ServiceClockTime);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginClockTickMessage(DateTimeOffset CurrentTime);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginStateChangedMessage(string Reason);
+
+internal sealed record SamplePluginComponentInstance(
+    string ComponentId,
+    string? PlacementId,
+    double CellSize)
+{
+    public bool IsPlaced => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(PlacementId);
+}
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginRuntimeStateService
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, SamplePluginComponentInstance> _componentInstances =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    private readonly PluginManifest _manifest;
+    private readonly string _pluginDirectory;
+    private readonly string _dataDirectory;
+    private readonly string _hostApplicationName;
+    private readonly string _hostVersion;
+    private readonly string _sdkApiVersion;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _frontend;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _component;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _backend;
+    private SamplePluginStatusEntry _service;
+    private string? _lastComponentId;
+    private double _lastCellSize;
+    private DateTimeOffset? _serviceClockTime;
+
+    public SamplePluginRuntimeStateService(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        string hostApplicationName,
+        string hostVersion,
+        string sdkApiVersion,
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
+    {
+        _manifest = manifest;
+        _pluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        _dataDirectory = dataDirectory;
+        _hostApplicationName = hostApplicationName;
+        _hostVersion = hostVersion;
+        _sdkApiVersion = sdkApiVersion;
+        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
+
+        _frontend = CreateEntry(
+            "frontend",
+            T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.frontend.detail.pending", "等待插件界面接入。"));
+
+        _component = CreateEntry(
+            "component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.pending", "当前还没有创建组件实例。"));
+
+        _backend = CreateEntry(
+            "backend",
+            T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.backend.detail.pending", "插件初始化进行中。"));
+
+        _service = CreateEntry(
+            "service",
+            T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.service.detail.pending", "时钟服务尚未挂接。"));
+    }
+
+    public void AttachClockService(SamplePluginClockService clockService)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(clockService);
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _serviceClockTime = clockService.CurrentTime;
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+                T("status.summary.attached", "已挂接"),
+                T("status.service.detail.attached", "时钟服务已挂接，正在等待第一次心跳。"));
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service attached");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkFrontendReady(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _frontend = CreateEntry(
+                "frontend",
+                T("status.frontend.title", "前端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Frontend updated");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkBackendReady(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _backend = CreateEntry(
+                "backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Backend updated");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkBackendFaulted(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _backend = CreateEntry(
+                "backend",
+                T("status.backend.title", "后端状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Backend faulted");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkClockServiceTick(DateTimeOffset currentTime)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _serviceClockTime = currentTime;
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.healthy", "正常"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.service.detail.running",
+                    "时钟服务运行中，当前服务时间：{0}",
+                    currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service tick");
+    }
+
+    public void MarkClockServiceFaulted(string detail)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _service = CreateEntry(
+                "service",
+                T("status.service.title", "时钟服务"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted,
+                T("status.summary.faulted", "异常"),
+                detail);
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Clock service faulted");
+    }
+
+    public string RegisterComponentInstance(string componentId, string? placementId, double cellSize)
+    {
+        var instanceId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _componentInstances[instanceId] = new SamplePluginComponentInstance(componentId, placementId, cellSize);
+            _lastComponentId = componentId;
+            _lastCellSize = cellSize;
+            UpdateComponentStatusNoLock();
+        }
+
+        PublishStateChanged("Component attached");
+        return instanceId;
+    }
+
+    public void UnregisterComponentInstance(string instanceId)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceId);
+
+        var removed = false;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            removed = _componentInstances.Remove(instanceId);
+            if (removed)
+            {
+                UpdateComponentStatusNoLock();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (removed)
+        {
+            PublishStateChanged("Component detached");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot GetSnapshot()
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            var placementIds = _componentInstances.Values
+                .Where(instance => instance.IsPlaced)
+                .Select(instance => instance.PlacementId!)
+                .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                .ToArray();
+
+            var previewCount = _componentInstances.Values.Count(instance => !instance.IsPlaced);
+
+            return new SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot(
+                _manifest,
+                _pluginDirectory,
+                _dataDirectory,
+                _hostApplicationName,
+                _hostVersion,
+                _sdkApiVersion,
+                [_frontend, _component, _backend, _service],
+                placementIds.Length > 0,
+                placementIds.Length,
+                previewCount,
+                placementIds,
+                _lastComponentId,
+                _lastCellSize,
+                _serviceClockTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<SamplePluginCapabilityItem> GetCapabilities(
+        IPluginContext context,
+        bool hasStateService,
+        bool hasClockService,
+        bool hasMessageBus)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+
+        var propertyNames = context.Properties.Count == 0
+            ? T("common.none", "（无）")
+            : string.Join(", ", context.Properties.Keys.OrderBy(key => key, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
+        return
+        [
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.manifest.title", "IPluginContext.Manifest"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.manifest.detail",
+                    "可读取。当前插件 id：{0}；版本：{1}。",
+                    context.Manifest.Id,
+                    context.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版"))),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.directories.title", "IPluginContext.PluginDirectory / DataDirectory"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.directories.detail",
+                    "可读取。插件目录：{0}；数据目录：{1}。",
+                    context.PluginDirectory,
+                    context.DataDirectory)),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.properties.title", "IPluginContext.Properties"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.properties.detail",
+                    "可读取。宿主当前暴露的属性：{0}。",
+                    propertyNames)),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.get_service.title", "IPluginContext.GetService<T>()"),
+                Tf(
+                    "capability.get_service.detail",
+                    "可调用。状态服务已解析：{0}；时钟服务已解析：{1}；消息总线已解析：{2}。",
+                    FormatBoolean(hasStateService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasClockService),
+                    FormatBoolean(hasMessageBus))),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.register_service.title", "IPluginContext.RegisterService<TService>()"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.register_service.detail",
+                    "可在插件初始化阶段调用。这个示例插件会把 SamplePluginRuntimeStateService 和 SamplePluginClockService 注册进插件服务容器。")),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.message_bus.title", "插件通信总线"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.message_bus.detail",
+                    "这个示例插件通过 IPluginMessageBus 向插件 UI 推送时钟心跳和状态变化通知。")),
+            new SamplePluginCapabilityItem(
+                T("capability.widget_context.title", "PluginDesktopComponentContext"),
+                T(
+                    "capability.widget_context.detail",
+                    "组件可以读取 ComponentId、PlacementId、CellSize，并能在同一个插件服务容器上调用 GetService<T>()。"))
+        ];
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateComponentStatusNoLock()
+    {
+        var placementIds = _componentInstances.Values
+            .Where(instance => instance.IsPlaced)
+            .Select(instance => instance.PlacementId!)
+            .Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .OrderBy(id => id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            .ToArray();
+
+        var previewCount = _componentInstances.Values.Count(instance => !instance.IsPlaced);
+
+        if (placementIds.Length > 0)
+        {
+            _component = CreateEntry(
+                "component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.placed", "已放置"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.placed",
+                    "已放置数量：{0}；预览数量：{1}；放置位置：{2}",
+                    placementIds.Length,
+                    previewCount,
+                    string.Join(", ", placementIds)));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (previewCount > 0)
+        {
+            _component = CreateEntry(
+                "component",
+                T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+                SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy,
+                T("status.summary.preview", "预览中"),
+                Tf(
+                    "status.component.detail.preview",
+                    "当前预览实例数量：{0}；尚未有已放置的桌面实例。",
+                    previewCount));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _component = CreateEntry(
+            "component",
+            T("status.component.title", "组件状态"),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Pending,
+            T("status.summary.pending", "等待中"),
+            T("status.component.detail.none", "当前没有活动中的组件实例。"));
+    }
+
+    private void PublishStateChanged(string reason)
+    {
+        _messageBus.Publish(new SamplePluginStateChangedMessage(reason));
+    }
+
+    private static SamplePluginStatusEntry CreateEntry(
+        string key,
+        string title,
+        SamplePluginHealthState state,
+        string summary,
+        string detail)
+    {
+        return new SamplePluginStatusEntry(
+            key,
+            title,
+            state,
+            summary,
+            detail,
+            DateTimeOffset.Now);
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
+}
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginClockService : IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly object _gate = new();
+    private readonly string _clockStateFilePath;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly Timer _timer;
+    private DateTimeOffset _currentTime = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+    private int _disposed;
+
+    public SamplePluginClockService(
+        string dataDirectory,
+        SamplePluginRuntimeStateService stateService,
+        IPluginMessageBus messageBus,
+        PluginLocalizer localizer)
+    {
+        _clockStateFilePath = Path.Combine(dataDirectory, "clock-service.txt");
+        _stateService = stateService;
+        _messageBus = messageBus;
+        _localizer = localizer;
+        _timer = new Timer(OnTimerTick);
+    }
+
+    public DateTimeOffset CurrentTime
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                return _currentTime;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Start()
+    {
+        PublishTick();
+        _timer.Change(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _disposed, 1) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _timer.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    private void OnTimerTick(object? state)
+    {
+        PublishTick();
+    }
+
+    private void PublishTick()
+    {
+        if (Volatile.Read(ref _disposed) != 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var now = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _currentTime = now;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.WriteAllText(
+                _clockStateFilePath,
+                now.ToString("O", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceTick(now);
+            _messageBus.Publish(new SamplePluginClockTickMessage(now));
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            _stateService.MarkClockServiceFaulted(_localizer.Format(
+                "status.service.detail.write_failed",
+                "时钟状态写入失败：{0}",
+                ex.Message));
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginSettingsView.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginSettingsView : UserControl
+{
+    private readonly IPluginContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly StackPanel _pluginInfoPanel = new() { Spacing = 8 };
+    private readonly StackPanel _capabilityPanel = new() { Spacing = 8 };
+    private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel = new() { Spacing = 10 };
+    private readonly List<IDisposable> _subscriptions = [];
+
+    public SamplePluginSettingsView(IPluginContext context)
+    {
+        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
+        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginClockService is not available.");
+        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");
+
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.settings_connected",
+            "设置页已接入插件服务与通信。"));
+
+        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+
+        Content = new Border
+        {
+            Background = new LinearGradientBrush
+            {
+                StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+                EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+                GradientStops =
+                [
+                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#1F0B1120"), 0),
+                    new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#260C4A6E"), 1)
+                ]
+            },
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6628B2FF")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(18),
+            Padding = new Thickness(18),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 14,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = T("settings.header.title", "示例插件能力检查器"),
+                        FontSize = 22,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White
+                    },
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.info", "插件信息"), _pluginInfoPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.capabilities", "可访问能力"), _capabilityPanel),
+                    CreateSection(T("settings.section.status", "实时运行状态"), _statusPanel)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        RefreshView();
+    }
+
+    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        SubscribeToPluginBus();
+        RefreshView();
+    }
+
+    private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        foreach (var subscription in _subscriptions)
+        {
+            subscription.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Clear();
+    }
+
+    private void SubscribeToPluginBus()
+    {
+        if (_subscriptions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginClockTickMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(RefreshView)));
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginStateChangedMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(RefreshView)));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshView()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        RefreshPluginInfo(snapshot);
+        RefreshCapabilities();
+        RefreshStatuses(snapshot);
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshPluginInfo(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Clear();
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.plugin_name", "插件名称"),
+            T("plugin.name", snapshot.Manifest.Name)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_id", "插件 Id"), snapshot.Manifest.Id));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.version", "版本"), snapshot.Manifest.Version ?? T("common.dev", "开发版")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.author", "作者"), snapshot.Manifest.Author ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.description", "描述"),
+            T("plugin.description", snapshot.Manifest.Description ?? T("common.none", "（无）"))));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.plugin_directory", "插件目录"), snapshot.PluginDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.data_directory", "数据目录"), snapshot.DataDirectory));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_application", "宿主应用"), snapshot.HostApplicationName));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.host_version", "宿主版本"), snapshot.HostVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.sdk_api_version", "SDK API 版本"), snapshot.SdkApiVersion));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.state_service_resolved", "状态服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_resolved", "时钟服务已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.message_bus_resolved", "消息总线已解析"),
+            FormatBoolean(_context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.component_placed", "组件是否已放置"),
+            snapshot.HasPlacedComponent ? T("common.yes", "是") : T("common.no", "否")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.placed_count", "已放置数量"), snapshot.PlacedCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(T("settings.info.preview_count", "预览数量"), snapshot.PreviewCount.ToString()));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.placement_ids", "放置位置 Id"),
+            snapshot.PlacementIds.Count == 0 ? T("common.none", "（无）") : string.Join(", ", snapshot.PlacementIds)));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_component_id", "最近组件 Id"),
+            snapshot.LastComponentId ?? T("common.none", "（无）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.last_cell_size", "最近单元尺寸"),
+            snapshot.LastCellSize > 0 ? $"{snapshot.LastCellSize:F0}px" : T("common.unknown", "（未知）")));
+        _pluginInfoPanel.Children.Add(CreateInfoLine(
+            T("settings.info.clock_service_time", "时钟服务时间"),
+            _clockService.CurrentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshCapabilities()
+    {
+        var capabilities = _stateService.GetCapabilities(
+            _context,
+            _context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>() is not null,
+            _context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>() is not null,
+            _context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>() is not null);
+
+        _capabilityPanel.Children.Clear();
+        foreach (var capability in capabilities)
+        {
+            _capabilityPanel.Children.Add(CreateCapabilityCard(capability));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshStatuses(SamplePluginRuntimeSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
+
+        foreach (var entry in snapshot.StatusEntries)
+        {
+            var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
+            _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
+            {
+                Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
+                BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Border),
+                BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+                CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+                Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
+                Child = new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 4,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        CreateStatusHeader(entry, palette),
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Detail,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = Tf("settings.status.updated_at", "更新时间：{0}", entry.UpdatedAt.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss")),
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FF93C5FD"))
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Border CreateSection(string title, Control content)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#14000000")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3328B2FF")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(14),
+            Padding = new Thickness(14),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 12,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = title,
+                        FontSize = 16,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White
+                    },
+                    content
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Control CreateInfoLine(string label, string value)
+    {
+        var grid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("180,*"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 10
+        };
+
+        var labelText = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = label,
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBAE6FD")),
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+        var valueText = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = value,
+            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+
+        grid.Children.Add(labelText);
+        grid.Children.Add(valueText);
+        Grid.SetColumn(valueText, 1);
+        return grid;
+    }
+
+    private Control CreateCapabilityCard(SamplePluginCapabilityItem item)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#0F082F49")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#3338BDF8")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+            Padding = new Thickness(12, 10),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 4,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = item.Title,
+                        Foreground = Brushes.White,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = item.Detail,
+                        Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFE0F2FE")),
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreateStatusHeader(
+        SamplePluginStatusEntry entry,
+        (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) palette)
+    {
+        var grid = new Grid
+        {
+            ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
+            ColumnSpacing = 8
+        };
+
+        var dot = new Border
+        {
+            Width = 10,
+            Height = 10,
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Dot),
+            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+        };
+        var title = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Title,
+            FontSize = 15,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+            Foreground = Brushes.White
+        };
+        var summary = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Text = entry.Summary,
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right
+        };
+
+        grid.Children.Add(dot);
+        grid.Children.Add(title);
+        grid.Children.Add(summary);
+        Grid.SetColumn(title, 1);
+        Grid.SetColumn(summary, 2);
+        return grid;
+    }
+
+    private static (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) GetPalette(SamplePluginHealthState state)
+    {
+        return state switch
+        {
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F115E59"),
+                Color.Parse("#665EEAD4"),
+                Color.Parse("#5EEAD4")),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted => (
+                Color.Parse("#291B1B"),
+                Color.Parse("#66F87171"),
+                Color.Parse("#F87171")),
+            _ => (
+                Color.Parse("#2B3A2A0D"),
+                Color.Parse("#66FBBF24"),
+                Color.Parse("#FBBF24"))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+
+    private string FormatBoolean(bool value)
+    {
+        return value
+            ? T("common.true", "是")
+            : T("common.false", "否");
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginStatusClockWidget.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/SamplePluginStatusClockWidget.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin;
+
+internal sealed class SamplePluginStatusClockWidget : Border
+{
+    private readonly PluginDesktopComponentContext _context;
+    private readonly PluginLocalizer _localizer;
+    private readonly SamplePluginRuntimeStateService _stateService;
+    private readonly SamplePluginClockService _clockService;
+    private readonly IPluginMessageBus _messageBus;
+    private readonly TextBlock _timeTextBlock;
+    private readonly TextBlock _subtitleTextBlock;
+    private readonly StackPanel _statusPanel;
+    private readonly Border _statusHost;
+    private readonly List<IDisposable> _subscriptions = [];
+    private string? _instanceId;
+
+    public SamplePluginStatusClockWidget(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        _context = context;
+        _localizer = PluginLocalizer.Create(context);
+        _stateService = context.GetService<SamplePluginRuntimeStateService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginRuntimeStateService is not available.");
+        _clockService = context.GetService<SamplePluginClockService>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("SamplePluginClockService is not available.");
+        _messageBus = context.GetService<IPluginMessageBus>()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("IPluginMessageBus is not available.");
+
+        _timeTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+            FontWeight = FontWeight.Bold,
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left
+        };
+        _subtitleTextBlock = new TextBlock
+        {
+            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFBFE9FF")),
+            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left,
+            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+        };
+        _statusPanel = new StackPanel
+        {
+            Spacing = 8
+        };
+        _statusHost = new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#1F082F49")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#5538BDF8")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            Child = _statusPanel
+        };
+
+        Background = new LinearGradientBrush
+        {
+            StartPoint = new RelativePoint(0, 0, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+            EndPoint = new RelativePoint(1, 1, RelativeUnit.Relative),
+            GradientStops =
+            [
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF07111F"), 0),
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF0C4A6E"), 0.55),
+                new GradientStop(Color.Parse("#FF0EA5E9"), 1)
+            ]
+        };
+        BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#6648C7FF"));
+        BorderThickness = new Thickness(1);
+        HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch;
+        VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch;
+        Child = new Grid
+        {
+            RowDefinitions = new RowDefinitions("Auto,*"),
+            RowSpacing = 14,
+            Children =
+            {
+                new StackPanel
+                {
+                    Spacing = 4,
+                    HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        _timeTextBlock,
+                        _subtitleTextBlock
+                    }
+                },
+                _statusHost
+            }
+        };
+
+        Grid.SetRow(((Grid)Child).Children[1], 1);
+
+        AttachedToVisualTree += OnAttachedToVisualTree;
+        DetachedFromVisualTree += OnDetachedFromVisualTree;
+        SizeChanged += OnSizeChanged;
+
+        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
+        UpdateSubtitle();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+        ApplyScale();
+    }
+
+    private void OnAttachedToVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_instanceId))
+        {
+            _instanceId = _stateService.RegisterComponentInstance(
+                _context.ComponentId,
+                _context.PlacementId,
+                _context.CellSize);
+        }
+
+        _stateService.MarkFrontendReady(T(
+            "status.frontend.detail.widget_connected",
+            "组件界面已接入插件服务与通信。"));
+        SubscribeToPluginBus();
+
+        RefreshClock(_clockService.CurrentTime);
+        UpdateSubtitle();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+    }
+
+    private void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(object? sender, VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+    {
+        foreach (var subscription in _subscriptions)
+        {
+            subscription.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Clear();
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_instanceId))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _stateService.UnregisterComponentInstance(_instanceId);
+        _instanceId = null;
+    }
+
+    private void OnSizeChanged(object? sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        ApplyScale();
+        RefreshStatusPanel();
+    }
+
+    private void SubscribeToPluginBus()
+    {
+        if (_subscriptions.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginClockTickMessage>(message =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() => RefreshClock(message.CurrentTime))));
+
+        _subscriptions.Add(_messageBus.Subscribe<SamplePluginStateChangedMessage>(_ =>
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+            {
+                UpdateSubtitle();
+                RefreshStatusPanel();
+            })));
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshClock(DateTimeOffset currentTime)
+    {
+        _timeTextBlock.Text = currentTime.LocalDateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateSubtitle()
+    {
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        _subtitleTextBlock.Text = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_context.PlacementId)
+            ? Tf("widget.subtitle.preview", "预览界面 | 已放置：{0}", snapshot.PlacedCount)
+            : Tf("widget.subtitle.placement", "位置 {0} | 已放置：{1}", _context.PlacementId!, snapshot.PlacedCount);
+    }
+
+    private void RefreshStatusPanel()
+    {
+        _statusPanel.Children.Clear();
+
+        var snapshot = _stateService.GetSnapshot();
+        var basis = GetLayoutBasis();
+        var titleSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.068, 11, 16);
+        var detailSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.052, 9, 13);
+
+        foreach (var entry in snapshot.StatusEntries)
+        {
+            var palette = GetPalette(entry.State);
+            _statusPanel.Children.Add(new Border
+            {
+                Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Background),
+                BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Border),
+                BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+                CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(12),
+                Padding = new Thickness(10, 8),
+                Child = new Grid
+                {
+                    RowDefinitions = new RowDefinitions("Auto,Auto"),
+                    ColumnDefinitions = new ColumnDefinitions("Auto,*,Auto"),
+                    ColumnSpacing = 8,
+                    Children =
+                    {
+                        new Border
+                        {
+                            Width = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.038, 8, 11),
+                            Height = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.038, 8, 11),
+                            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(999),
+                            Background = new SolidColorBrush(palette.Dot),
+                            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Title,
+                            FontSize = titleSize,
+                            FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                            Foreground = Brushes.White,
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Summary,
+                            FontSize = detailSize,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+                            HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right,
+                            TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Right,
+                            VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
+                        },
+                        new TextBlock
+                        {
+                            Text = entry.Detail,
+                            FontSize = detailSize,
+                            Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#FFD7F2FF")),
+                            TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            var row = (Grid)((Border)_statusPanel.Children[^1]).Child!;
+            Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[1], 1);
+            Grid.SetColumn(row.Children[2], 2);
+            Grid.SetColumnSpan(row.Children[3], 3);
+            Grid.SetRow(row.Children[3], 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ApplyScale()
+    {
+        var basis = GetLayoutBasis();
+        Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.09, 16, 26));
+        CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.14, 20, 34));
+        _timeTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.22, 30, 58);
+        _subtitleTextBlock.FontSize = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.062, 11, 17);
+        _statusHost.Padding = new Thickness(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.045, 10, 18));
+        _statusHost.CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(Math.Clamp(basis * 0.09, 14, 22));
+        _statusPanel.Spacing = Math.Clamp(basis * 0.024, 6, 10);
+    }
+
+    private double GetLayoutBasis()
+    {
+        var width = Bounds.Width > 1 ? Bounds.Width : _context.CellSize * 4;
+        var height = Bounds.Height > 1 ? Bounds.Height : _context.CellSize * 4;
+        return Math.Max(_context.CellSize * 4, Math.Min(width, height));
+    }
+
+    private static (Color Background, Color Border, Color Dot) GetPalette(SamplePluginHealthState state)
+    {
+        return state switch
+        {
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Healthy => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F0F766E"),
+                Color.Parse("#4D5EEAD4"),
+                Color.Parse("#5EEAD4")),
+            SamplePluginHealthState.Faulted => (
+                Color.Parse("#29B91C1C"),
+                Color.Parse("#66F87171"),
+                Color.Parse("#F87171")),
+            _ => (
+                Color.Parse("#1F7C2D12"),
+                Color.Parse("#66FDBA74"),
+                Color.Parse("#FDBA74"))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string T(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        return _localizer.GetString(key, fallback);
+    }
+
+    private string Tf(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return _localizer.Format(key, fallback, args);
+    }
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/plugin.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin/plugin.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "id": "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin",
+  "name": "LanMountain Sample Plugin",
+  "description": "Example plugin used to validate PluginSdk loading and isolation.",
+  "author": "LanMountainDesktop",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "apiVersion": "1.0.0",
+  "entranceAssembly": "LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin.dll"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/samples/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/samples/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 示例插件目录
+
+## 中文
+
+本目录用于存放阑山桌面的示例插件和参考实现。
+
+当前标准示例为 `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`。
+
+## English
+
+This directory stores sample plugins and reference implementations. The current standard sample is `LanMountainDesktop.SamplePlugin`.
--- a/LanAirApp/standards/README.md
+++ b/LanAirApp/standards/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# 插件标准说明
+
+## 中文
+
+本目录存放插件开发需要遵循的基础约定，包括 `.laapp`、`plugin.json`、`Localization/` 以及仓库根目录 README 和安装包等要求。
+
+## English
+
+This directory stores the baseline conventions for plugin development, including `.laapp`, `plugin.json`, `Localization/`, and repository-root deliverables.
--- a/LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json
+++ b/LanAirApp/standards/plugin.template.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "id": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin",
+  "name": "Your Plugin",
+  "description": "Describe what your plugin adds to LanMountainDesktop.",
+  "author": "Your Name",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "apiVersion": "1.0.0",
+  "entranceAssembly": "LanMountainDesktop.YourPlugin.dll"
+}
--- a/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj
+++ b/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
--- a/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/Program.cs
+++ b/LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+return await RunAsync(args);
+
+static async Task<int> RunAsync(string[] args)
+{
+    if (args.Length == 0 || args.Any(arg => string.Equals(arg, "--help", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+    {
+        PrintUsage();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    string? inputDirectory = null;
+    string? outputPath = null;
+    var overwrite = false;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+    {
+        switch (args[i])
+        {
+            case "--input":
+                inputDirectory = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--input");
+                break;
+            case "--output":
+                outputPath = ReadValue(args, ref i, "--output");
+                break;
+            case "--overwrite":
+                overwrite = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unknown argument '{args[i]}'.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(inputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Missing required argument '--input'.");
+    }
+
+    var fullInputDirectory = Path.GetFullPath(inputDirectory);
+    if (!Directory.Exists(fullInputDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new DirectoryNotFoundException($"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' was not found.");
+    }
+
+    var manifestPath = Path.Combine(fullInputDirectory, PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName);
+    if (!File.Exists(manifestPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"Plugin build directory '{fullInputDirectory}' does not contain '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}'.",
+            manifestPath);
+    }
+
+    var manifest = PluginManifest.Load(manifestPath);
+    var entranceAssemblyPath = manifest.ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(manifestPath);
+    if (!File.Exists(entranceAssemblyPath))
+    {
+        throw new FileNotFoundException(
+            $"The entrance assembly declared by '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}' was not found.",
+            entranceAssemblyPath);
+    }
+
+    outputPath ??= Path.Combine(
+        Path.GetDirectoryName(fullInputDirectory) ?? fullInputDirectory,
+        BuildPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+
+    var fullOutputPath = Path.GetFullPath(outputPath);
+    var inputDirectoryWithSeparator = EnsureTrailingSeparator(fullInputDirectory);
+    if (fullOutputPath.StartsWith(inputDirectoryWithSeparator, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("The output .laapp path cannot be placed inside the source directory.");
+    }
+
+    var destinationDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullOutputPath);
+    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(destinationDirectory))
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to determine the output directory for the .laapp package.");
+    }
+
+    Directory.CreateDirectory(destinationDirectory);
+    if (File.Exists(fullOutputPath))
+    {
+        if (!overwrite)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"The output package '{fullOutputPath}' already exists. Pass '--overwrite' to replace it.");
+        }
+
+        File.Delete(fullOutputPath);
+    }
+
+    await Task.Run(() => ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(
+        fullInputDirectory,
+        fullOutputPath,
+        CompressionLevel.Optimal,
+        includeBaseDirectory: false));
+
+    Console.WriteLine($"Packaged '{manifest.Name}' to '{fullOutputPath}'.");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static string ReadValue(IReadOnlyList<string> args, ref int index, string optionName)
+{
+    var nextIndex = index + 1;
+    if (nextIndex >= args.Count)
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing value for '{optionName}'.");
+    }
+
+    index = nextIndex;
+    return args[nextIndex];
+}
+
+static string BuildPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+{
+    var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+    var safeName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+    return safeName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+}
+
+static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
+{
+    return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
+        ? path
+        : path + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+}
+
+static void PrintUsage()
+{
+    Console.WriteLine("LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager");
+    Console.WriteLine("Usage:");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --input <plugin build directory>   Required");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --output <path to .laapp>          Optional");
+    Console.WriteLine("  --overwrite                        Optional");
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IHostApplicationLifecycle.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IHostApplicationLifecycle.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed record HostApplicationLifecycleRequest(
+    string? Source = null,
+    string? Reason = null);
+
+public interface IHostApplicationLifecycle
+{
+    bool TryExit(HostApplicationLifecycleRequest? request = null);
+
+    bool TryRestart(HostApplicationLifecycleRequest? request = null);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPlugin.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPlugin.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPlugin
+{
+    void Initialize(HostBuilderContext context, IServiceCollection services);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginContext.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginContext.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+[Obsolete("Plugin API 2.0.0 uses IPluginRuntimeContext and IServiceCollection-based initialization.")]
+public interface IPluginContext : IPluginRuntimeContext
+{
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginExportRegistry.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginExportRegistry.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginExportRegistry
+{
+    IReadOnlyList<PluginServiceExportDescriptor> GetExports();
+
+    IReadOnlyList<PluginServiceExportDescriptor> GetExports(Type contractType);
+
+    PluginServiceExportDescriptor? GetExport(Type contractType, string providerPluginId);
+
+    TContract? GetExport<TContract>(string providerPluginId)
+        where TContract : class;
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginMessageBus.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginMessageBus.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginMessageBus
+{
+    IDisposable Subscribe<TMessage>(Action<TMessage> handler);
+
+    void Publish<TMessage>(TMessage message);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginPackageManager.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginPackageManager.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginPackageManager
+{
+    IReadOnlyList<InstalledPluginInfo> GetInstalledPlugins();
+
+    PluginPackageInstallResult InstallPackage(string packagePath);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginRuntimeContext.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/IPluginRuntimeContext.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public interface IPluginRuntimeContext
+{
+    PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
+
+    string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    string DataDirectory { get; }
+
+    IServiceProvider Services { get; }
+
+    IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> Properties { get; }
+
+    T? GetService<T>();
+
+    bool TryGetProperty<T>(string key, out T? value);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/InstalledPluginInfo.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/InstalledPluginInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed record InstalledPluginInfo(
+    PluginManifest Manifest,
+    bool IsEnabled,
+    bool IsLoaded,
+    bool IsPackage,
+    string? ErrorMessage);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <Version>2.0.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Remove="_build_verify_*\**\*.cs" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.12" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Abstractions" Version="10.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions" Version="10.0.0" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginBase.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginBase.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public abstract class PluginBase : IPlugin
+{
+    public virtual void Initialize(HostBuilderContext context, IServiceCollection services)
+    {
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentContext.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentContext.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginDesktopComponentContext
+{
+    public PluginDesktopComponentContext(
+        PluginManifest manifest,
+        string pluginDirectory,
+        string dataDirectory,
+        IServiceProvider services,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties,
+        string componentId,
+        string? placementId,
+        double cellSize)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(manifest);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginDirectory);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(dataDirectory);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(services);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(properties);
+
+        Manifest = manifest;
+        PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        DataDirectory = dataDirectory;
+        Services = services;
+        Properties = properties;
+        ComponentId = componentId.Trim();
+        PlacementId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(placementId) ? null : placementId.Trim();
+        CellSize = Math.Max(1, cellSize);
+    }
+
+    public PluginManifest Manifest { get; }
+
+    public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    public string DataDirectory { get; }
+
+    public IServiceProvider Services { get; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> Properties { get; }
+
+    public string ComponentId { get; }
+
+    public string? PlacementId { get; }
+
+    public double CellSize { get; }
+
+    public T? GetService<T>()
+    {
+        return (T?)Services.GetService(typeof(T));
+    }
+
+    public bool TryGetProperty<T>(string key, out T? value)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+        if (Properties.TryGetValue(key, out var rawValue) && rawValue is T typedValue)
+        {
+            value = typedValue;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        value = default;
+        return false;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentRegistration.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentRegistration.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginDesktopComponentRegistration
+{
+    public PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+        string componentId,
+        string displayName,
+        Func<IServiceProvider, PluginDesktopComponentContext, Control> controlFactory,
+        string iconKey = "PuzzlePiece",
+        string category = "Plugins",
+        int minWidthCells = 2,
+        int minHeightCells = 2,
+        bool allowDesktopPlacement = true,
+        bool allowStatusBarPlacement = false,
+        PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode resizeMode = PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey = null,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(componentId);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(displayName);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(iconKey);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(category);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(controlFactory);
+
+        ComponentId = componentId.Trim();
+        DisplayName = displayName.Trim();
+        DisplayNameLocalizationKey = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(displayNameLocalizationKey)
+            ? null
+            : displayNameLocalizationKey.Trim();
+        ControlFactory = controlFactory;
+        IconKey = iconKey.Trim();
+        Category = category.Trim();
+        MinWidthCells = Math.Max(1, minWidthCells);
+        MinHeightCells = Math.Max(1, minHeightCells);
+        AllowDesktopPlacement = allowDesktopPlacement;
+        AllowStatusBarPlacement = allowStatusBarPlacement;
+        ResizeMode = resizeMode;
+        CornerRadiusResolver = cornerRadiusResolver;
+    }
+
+    public PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+        string componentId,
+        string displayName,
+        Func<PluginDesktopComponentContext, Control> controlFactory,
+        string iconKey = "PuzzlePiece",
+        string category = "Plugins",
+        int minWidthCells = 2,
+        int minHeightCells = 2,
+        bool allowDesktopPlacement = true,
+        bool allowStatusBarPlacement = false,
+        PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode resizeMode = PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey = null,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+        : this(
+            componentId,
+            displayName,
+            (_, context) => controlFactory(context),
+            iconKey,
+            category,
+            minWidthCells,
+            minHeightCells,
+            allowDesktopPlacement,
+            allowStatusBarPlacement,
+            resizeMode,
+            displayNameLocalizationKey,
+            cornerRadiusResolver)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public string ComponentId { get; }
+
+    public string DisplayName { get; }
+
+    public string? DisplayNameLocalizationKey { get; }
+
+    public Func<IServiceProvider, PluginDesktopComponentContext, Control> ControlFactory { get; }
+
+    public string IconKey { get; }
+
+    public string Category { get; }
+
+    public int MinWidthCells { get; }
+
+    public int MinHeightCells { get; }
+
+    public bool AllowDesktopPlacement { get; }
+
+    public bool AllowStatusBarPlacement { get; }
+
+    public PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode ResizeMode { get; }
+
+    public Func<double, double>? CornerRadiusResolver { get; }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public enum PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode
+{
+    Proportional = 0,
+    Free = 1
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginEntranceAttribute.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginEntranceAttribute.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]
+public sealed class PluginEntranceAttribute : Attribute
+{
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginHostPropertyKeys.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginHostPropertyKeys.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginHostPropertyKeys
+{
+    public const string HostApplicationName = "HostApplicationName";
+    public const string HostVersion = "HostVersion";
+    public const string PluginSdkApiVersion = "PluginSdkApiVersion";
+    public const string HostLanguageCode = "HostLanguageCode";
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLocalizer.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginLocalizer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginLocalizer
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new()
+    {
+        ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Skip,
+        AllowTrailingCommas = true
+    };
+
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> _cache =
+        new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public PluginLocalizer(string pluginDirectory, string? languageCode)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginDirectory);
+
+        PluginDirectory = pluginDirectory;
+        LanguageCode = NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode);
+    }
+
+    public string PluginDirectory { get; }
+
+    public string LanguageCode { get; }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(IPluginRuntimeContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public static PluginLocalizer Create(PluginDesktopComponentContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        return new PluginLocalizer(context.PluginDirectory, ResolveLanguageCode(context.Properties));
+    }
+
+    public string GetString(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(key);
+
+        var primaryTable = LoadLanguageTable(LanguageCode);
+        if (primaryTable.TryGetValue(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.Equals(LanguageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            var fallbackTable = LoadLanguageTable("en-US");
+            if (fallbackTable.TryGetValue(key, out value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+            {
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return fallback;
+    }
+
+    public string Format(string key, string fallback, params object[] args)
+    {
+        return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, GetString(key, fallback), args);
+    }
+
+    public static string NormalizeLanguageCode(string? languageCode)
+    {
+        return string.Equals(languageCode, "en-US", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? "en-US"
+            : "zh-CN";
+    }
+
+    public static string ResolveLanguageCode(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object?> properties)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(properties);
+
+        return properties.TryGetValue(PluginHostPropertyKeys.HostLanguageCode, out var rawValue) &&
+               rawValue is string languageCode
+            ? NormalizeLanguageCode(languageCode)
+            : NormalizeLanguageCode(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.Name);
+    }
+
+    private Dictionary<string, string> LoadLanguageTable(string languageCode)
+    {
+        if (_cache.TryGetValue(languageCode, out var table))
+        {
+            return table;
+        }
+
+        var result = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        try
+        {
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(PluginDirectory, "Localization", $"{languageCode}.json");
+            if (File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                var json = File.ReadAllText(filePath).TrimStart('\uFEFF');
+                var data = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(json, JsonOptions);
+                if (data is not null)
+                {
+                    result = new Dictionary<string, string>(data, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // Keep empty localization table for plugin resilience.
+        }
+
+        _cache[languageCode] = result;
+        return result;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginManifest.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginManifest.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed record PluginManifest(
+    string Id,
+    string Name,
+    string EntranceAssembly,
+    string? Description = null,
+    string? Author = null,
+    string? Version = null,
+    string? ApiVersion = null,
+    IReadOnlyList<PluginSharedContractReference>? SharedContracts = null)
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
+    {
+        PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true,
+        ReadCommentHandling = JsonCommentHandling.Skip,
+        AllowTrailingCommas = true
+    };
+
+    public static PluginManifest Load(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(manifestPath);
+
+        using var stream = File.OpenRead(manifestPath);
+        return Load(stream, manifestPath);
+    }
+
+    public static PluginManifest Load(Stream stream, string sourceName)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(stream);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(sourceName);
+
+        var manifest = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<PluginManifest>(stream, SerializerOptions);
+        if (manifest is null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to deserialize plugin manifest '{sourceName}'.");
+        }
+
+        return manifest.NormalizeAndValidate(sourceName);
+    }
+
+    public string ResolveEntranceAssemblyPath(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(manifestPath);
+
+        if (Path.IsPathRooted(EntranceAssembly))
+        {
+            return Path.GetFullPath(EntranceAssembly);
+        }
+
+        var manifestDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(Path.GetFullPath(manifestPath))
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to determine the directory of '{manifestPath}'.");
+
+        return Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(manifestDirectory, EntranceAssembly));
+    }
+
+    private PluginManifest NormalizeAndValidate(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        var normalizedSharedContracts = NormalizeSharedContracts(manifestPath, SharedContracts);
+        var normalized = this with
+        {
+            Id = RequireValue(Id, nameof(Id), manifestPath),
+            Name = RequireValue(Name, nameof(Name), manifestPath),
+            EntranceAssembly = RequireValue(EntranceAssembly, nameof(EntranceAssembly), manifestPath),
+            Description = NormalizeOptionalValue(Description),
+            Author = NormalizeOptionalValue(Author),
+            Version = NormalizeOptionalValue(Version),
+            ApiVersion = NormalizeOptionalValue(ApiVersion) ?? PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion,
+            SharedContracts = normalizedSharedContracts
+        };
+
+        if (!System.Version.TryParse(normalized.ApiVersion, out var requestedVersion))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' declares an invalid API version '{normalized.ApiVersion}'.");
+        }
+
+        if (!System.Version.TryParse(PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion, out var currentVersion))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Plugin SDK API version '{PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion}' is invalid.");
+        }
+
+        if (requestedVersion.Major != currentVersion.Major)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin '{normalized.Id}' targets API version '{normalized.ApiVersion}', but the host provides '{PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion}'. Upgrade the plugin to API {PluginSdkInfo.ApiVersion}.");
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static IReadOnlyList<PluginSharedContractReference> NormalizeSharedContracts(
+        string manifestPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<PluginSharedContractReference>? sharedContracts)
+    {
+        if (sharedContracts is null || sharedContracts.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return Array.Empty<PluginSharedContractReference>();
+        }
+
+        var normalized = new List<PluginSharedContractReference>(sharedContracts.Count);
+        var seenIds = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        foreach (var contract in sharedContracts)
+        {
+            if (contract is null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' contains a null shared contract declaration.");
+            }
+
+            var normalizedContract = contract.NormalizeAndValidate(manifestPath);
+            var contractKey = $"{normalizedContract.Id}@{normalizedContract.Version}";
+            if (!seenIds.Add(contractKey))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' declares duplicate shared contract '{contractKey}'.");
+            }
+
+            normalized.Add(normalizedContract);
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static string RequireValue(string? value, string propertyName, string manifestPath)
+    {
+        var normalized = NormalizeOptionalValue(value);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(normalized))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' is missing required property '{propertyName}'.");
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static string? NormalizeOptionalValue(string? value)
+    {
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) ? null : value.Trim();
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginPackageInstallResult.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginPackageInstallResult.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed record PluginPackageInstallResult(
+    PluginManifest Manifest,
+    bool ReplacedExisting,
+    bool RestartRequired);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSdkInfo.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSdkInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginSdkInfo
+{
+    public const string ApiVersion = "2.0.0";
+    public const string ManifestFileName = "plugin.json";
+    public const string PackageFileExtension = ".laapp";
+    public const string DataDirectoryName = "Data";
+    public const string RuntimeDirectoryName = ".runtime";
+    public const string ExtractedPackagesDirectoryName = "packages";
+    public const string PackagedDataDirectoryName = "data";
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginServiceCollectionExtensions.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginServiceCollectionExtensions.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public static class PluginServiceCollectionExtensions
+{
+    public static IServiceCollection AddPluginSettingsPage<TControl>(
+        this IServiceCollection services,
+        string id,
+        string title,
+        int sortOrder = 0)
+        where TControl : Control
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(services);
+
+        services.AddSingleton(new PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+            id,
+            title,
+            provider => ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance<TControl>(provider),
+            sortOrder));
+        return services;
+    }
+
+    public static IServiceCollection AddPluginDesktopComponent<TControl>(
+        this IServiceCollection services,
+        string componentId,
+        string displayName,
+        string iconKey = "PuzzlePiece",
+        string category = "Plugins",
+        int minWidthCells = 2,
+        int minHeightCells = 2,
+        bool allowDesktopPlacement = true,
+        bool allowStatusBarPlacement = false,
+        PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode resizeMode = PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional,
+        string? displayNameLocalizationKey = null,
+        Func<double, double>? cornerRadiusResolver = null)
+        where TControl : Control
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(services);
+
+        services.AddSingleton(new PluginDesktopComponentRegistration(
+            componentId,
+            displayName,
+            (provider, context) => ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance<TControl>(provider, context),
+            iconKey,
+            category,
+            minWidthCells,
+            minHeightCells,
+            allowDesktopPlacement,
+            allowStatusBarPlacement,
+            resizeMode,
+            displayNameLocalizationKey,
+            cornerRadiusResolver));
+        return services;
+    }
+
+    public static IServiceCollection AddPluginExport<TContract, TImplementation>(this IServiceCollection services)
+        where TContract : class
+        where TImplementation : class, TContract
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(services);
+
+        EnsureSingletonRegistration<TContract, TImplementation>(services);
+
+        if (!services.Any(descriptor =>
+                descriptor.ServiceType == typeof(PluginServiceExportRegistration) &&
+                descriptor.ImplementationInstance is PluginServiceExportRegistration existing &&
+                existing.ContractType == typeof(TContract) &&
+                existing.ImplementationType == typeof(TImplementation)))
+        {
+            services.AddSingleton(new PluginServiceExportRegistration(typeof(TContract), typeof(TImplementation)));
+        }
+
+        return services;
+    }
+
+    private static void EnsureSingletonRegistration<TContract, TImplementation>(IServiceCollection services)
+        where TContract : class
+        where TImplementation : class, TContract
+    {
+        var contractDescriptor = services.LastOrDefault(descriptor => descriptor.ServiceType == typeof(TContract));
+        if (contractDescriptor is null)
+        {
+            services.AddSingleton<TContract, TImplementation>();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (contractDescriptor.Lifetime != ServiceLifetime.Singleton)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Exported contract '{typeof(TContract).FullName}' must be registered as Singleton.");
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginServiceExportDescriptor.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginServiceExportDescriptor.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed record PluginServiceExportDescriptor(
+    string ProviderPluginId,
+    Type ContractType,
+    object ServiceInstance);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginServiceExportRegistration.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginServiceExportRegistration.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginServiceExportRegistration
+{
+    public PluginServiceExportRegistration(Type contractType, Type implementationType)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(contractType);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(implementationType);
+
+        ContractType = contractType;
+        ImplementationType = implementationType;
+    }
+
+    public Type ContractType { get; }
+
+    public Type ImplementationType { get; }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSettingsPageRegistration.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSettingsPageRegistration.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed class PluginSettingsPageRegistration
+{
+    public PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+        string id,
+        string title,
+        Func<IServiceProvider, Control> contentFactory,
+        int sortOrder = 0)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(id);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrWhiteSpace(title);
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(contentFactory);
+
+        Id = id.Trim();
+        Title = title.Trim();
+        ContentFactory = contentFactory;
+        SortOrder = sortOrder;
+    }
+
+    public PluginSettingsPageRegistration(
+        string id,
+        string title,
+        Func<Control> contentFactory,
+        int sortOrder = 0)
+        : this(id, title, _ => contentFactory(), sortOrder)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public string Id { get; }
+
+    public string Title { get; }
+
+    public int SortOrder { get; }
+
+    public Func<IServiceProvider, Control> ContentFactory { get; }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSharedContractReference.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/PluginSharedContractReference.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+public sealed record PluginSharedContractReference(
+    string Id,
+    string Version,
+    string AssemblyName)
+{
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public string NormalizedId => Id.Trim();
+
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public string NormalizedVersion => Version.Trim();
+
+    [JsonIgnore]
+    public string NormalizedAssemblyName => AssemblyName.Trim();
+
+    internal PluginSharedContractReference NormalizeAndValidate(string manifestPath)
+    {
+        var normalized = this with
+        {
+            Id = RequireValue(Id, nameof(Id), manifestPath),
+            Version = RequireValue(Version, nameof(Version), manifestPath),
+            AssemblyName = RequireValue(AssemblyName, nameof(AssemblyName), manifestPath)
+        };
+
+        if (!System.Version.TryParse(normalized.Version, out _))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' declares invalid shared contract version '{normalized.Version}' for '{normalized.Id}'.");
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static string RequireValue(string? value, string propertyName, string manifestPath)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin manifest '{manifestPath}' is missing required shared contract property '{propertyName}'.");
+        }
+
+        return value.Trim();
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper/LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper.csproj
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper/LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk" TreatAsLocalProperty="Version;PackageVersion;InformationalVersion;AssemblyVersion;FileVersion">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <PackageVersion>$(Version)</PackageVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper/Program.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+internal static class Program
+{
+    private static readonly TimeSpan[] RetryDelays =
+    [
+        TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(120),
+        TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250),
+        TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500)
+    ];
+
+    private static async Task<int> Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        var result = new HelperResult();
+        string? resultPath = null;
+
+        try
+        {
+            var parsedArgs = ParseArgs(args);
+            if (!parsedArgs.TryGetValue("source", out var sourcePath) ||
+                !parsedArgs.TryGetValue("plugins-dir", out var pluginsDirectory) ||
+                !parsedArgs.TryGetValue("result", out resultPath) ||
+                string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(sourcePath) ||
+                string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(pluginsDirectory) ||
+                string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resultPath))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Required arguments: --source <path> --plugins-dir <path> --result <path>.");
+            }
+
+            var fullSourcePath = Path.GetFullPath(sourcePath);
+            var fullPluginsDirectory = Path.GetFullPath(pluginsDirectory);
+            resultPath = Path.GetFullPath(resultPath);
+
+            if (!File.Exists(fullSourcePath))
+            {
+                throw new FileNotFoundException($"Plugin package '{fullSourcePath}' was not found.", fullSourcePath);
+            }
+
+            var manifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(fullSourcePath);
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(fullPluginsDirectory);
+            var destinationPath = Path.Combine(fullPluginsDirectory, BuildInstalledPackageFileName(manifest.Id));
+            var stagingPath = destinationPath + ".incoming";
+            DeleteFileWithRetry(stagingPath);
+            CopyWithRetry(fullSourcePath, stagingPath, overwrite: true);
+            RemoveExistingPluginPackages(fullPluginsDirectory, manifest.Id, destinationPath, stagingPath);
+            MoveWithOverwriteRetry(stagingPath, destinationPath);
+
+            result = new HelperResult
+            {
+                Success = true,
+                InstalledPackagePath = destinationPath,
+                ManifestId = manifest.Id,
+                ManifestName = manifest.Name
+            };
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            result = new HelperResult
+            {
+                Success = false,
+                ErrorMessage = ex.Message
+            };
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resultPath))
+        {
+            var resultDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(resultPath);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resultDirectory))
+            {
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(resultDirectory);
+            }
+
+            await File.WriteAllTextAsync(
+                resultPath,
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(result, new JsonSerializerOptions
+                {
+                    WriteIndented = true
+                }),
+                Encoding.UTF8);
+        }
+
+        return result.Success ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+
+    private static Dictionary<string, string> ParseArgs(string[] args)
+    {
+        var values = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+        {
+            var current = args[i];
+            if (!current.StartsWith("--", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var key = current[2..];
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key) || i + 1 >= args.Length)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            values[key] = args[++i];
+        }
+
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    private static PluginManifest ReadManifestFromPackage(string packagePath)
+    {
+        using var archive = ZipFile.OpenRead(packagePath);
+        var entries = archive.Entries
+            .Where(entry => string.Equals(entry.Name, PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            .ToArray();
+
+        if (entries.Length == 0)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin package '{packagePath}' does not contain '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}'.");
+        }
+
+        if (entries.Length > 1)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                $"Plugin package '{packagePath}' contains multiple '{PluginSdkInfo.ManifestFileName}' files.");
+        }
+
+        using var stream = entries[0].Open();
+        return PluginManifest.Load(stream, $"{packagePath}!/{entries[0].FullName}");
+    }
+
+    private static void RemoveExistingPluginPackages(string pluginsDirectory, string pluginId, string destinationPath, string stagingPath)
+    {
+        var runtimeRootDirectory = EnsureTrailingSeparator(Path.Combine(Path.GetFullPath(pluginsDirectory), PluginSdkInfo.RuntimeDirectoryName));
+        foreach (var existingPackagePath in Directory
+                     .EnumerateFiles(pluginsDirectory, "*" + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension, SearchOption.AllDirectories)
+                     .Select(Path.GetFullPath)
+                     .Where(path => !path.StartsWith(runtimeRootDirectory, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (string.Equals(existingPackagePath, Path.GetFullPath(destinationPath), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+                    string.Equals(existingPackagePath, Path.GetFullPath(stagingPath), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var existingManifest = ReadManifestFromPackage(existingPackagePath);
+                if (!string.Equals(existingManifest.Id, pluginId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                DeleteFileWithRetry(existingPackagePath);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore unrelated or malformed packages while replacing an install target.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void CopyWithRetry(string sourcePath, string destinationPath, bool overwrite)
+    {
+        Retry(() => File.Copy(sourcePath, destinationPath, overwrite));
+    }
+
+    private static void MoveWithOverwriteRetry(string sourcePath, string destinationPath)
+    {
+        Retry(() => File.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath, overwrite: true));
+    }
+
+    private static void DeleteFileWithRetry(string filePath)
+    {
+        Retry(() =>
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                File.Delete(filePath);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private static void Retry(Action action)
+    {
+        Exception? lastException = null;
+
+        for (var attempt = 0; attempt <= RetryDelays.Length; attempt++)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                action();
+                return;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) when (ex is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
+            {
+                lastException = ex;
+                if (attempt >= RetryDelays.Length)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                Thread.Sleep(RetryDelays[attempt]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (lastException is not null)
+        {
+            throw lastException;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildInstalledPackageFileName(string pluginId)
+    {
+        var invalidChars = Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
+        var fileName = new string(pluginId.Select(ch => invalidChars.Contains(ch) ? '_' : ch).ToArray());
+        return fileName + PluginSdkInfo.PackageFileExtension;
+    }
+
+    private static string EnsureTrailingSeparator(string path)
+    {
+        return path.EndsWith(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar.ToString(), StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            ? path
+            : path + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class HelperResult
+    {
+        public bool Success { get; init; }
+
+        public string? InstalledPackagePath { get; init; }
+
+        public string? ManifestId { get; init; }
+
+        public string? ManifestName { get; init; }
+
+        public string? ErrorMessage { get; init; }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.Tests/ComponentSettingsServiceTests.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.Tests/ComponentSettingsServiceTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+using System.Text.Json;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Tests;
+
+public sealed class ComponentSettingsServiceTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void Load_MigratesLegacySnapshotFileToCanonicalDocument()
+    {
+        using var sandbox = new ComponentSettingsSandbox();
+        File.WriteAllText(
+            sandbox.SettingsPath,
+            """
+            {
+              "DesktopClockSecondHandMode": "Sweep",
+              "ImportedClassSchedules": [
+                {
+                  "Id": "spring-2026",
+                  "DisplayName": "Spring 2026",
+                  "FilePath": "C:\\Schedules\\spring-2026.yaml"
+                }
+              ],
+              "ActiveImportedClassScheduleId": "spring-2026"
+            }
+            """);
+
+        var service = sandbox.CreateService();
+
+        var snapshot = service.Load();
+
+        Assert.Equal("Sweep", snapshot.DesktopClockSecondHandMode);
+        Assert.Single(snapshot.ImportedClassSchedules);
+
+        using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(File.ReadAllText(sandbox.SettingsPath));
+        Assert.True(document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("defaultSettings", out var defaultSettings));
+        Assert.Equal("Sweep", defaultSettings.GetProperty("desktopClockSecondHandMode").GetString());
+        Assert.False(document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("DesktopClockSecondHandMode", out _));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Load_ReadsPascalCaseDocumentAndRewritesToCanonicalDocument()
+    {
+        using var sandbox = new ComponentSettingsSandbox();
+        File.WriteAllText(
+            sandbox.SettingsPath,
+            """
+            {
+              "DefaultSettings": {
+                "DesktopClockSecondHandMode": "Tick"
+              },
+              "InstanceSettings": {
+                "DesktopClock::clock-2x2": {
+                  "DesktopClockSecondHandMode": "Sweep"
+                }
+              },
+              "PluginSettings": {
+                "DesktopClock::clock-2x2": {
+                  "SampleFlag": true
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            """);
+
+        var service = sandbox.CreateService();
+
+        var snapshot = service.LoadForComponent("DesktopClock", "clock-2x2");
+        var pluginSettings = service.LoadPluginSettings<SamplePluginSettings>("DesktopClock", "clock-2x2");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Sweep", snapshot.DesktopClockSecondHandMode);
+        Assert.True(pluginSettings.SampleFlag);
+
+        using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(File.ReadAllText(sandbox.SettingsPath));
+        Assert.True(document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("instanceSettings", out var instanceSettings));
+        Assert.True(instanceSettings.TryGetProperty("DesktopClock::clock-2x2", out var clockSettings));
+        Assert.Equal("Sweep", clockSettings.GetProperty("desktopClockSecondHandMode").GetString());
+        Assert.False(document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("InstanceSettings", out _));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SaveForComponent_RoundTripsInstanceAndPluginSettingsAcrossNewService()
+    {
+        using var sandbox = new ComponentSettingsSandbox();
+        var service = sandbox.CreateService();
+
+        service.SaveForComponent(
+            "DesktopClock",
+            "clock-2x2",
+            new ComponentSettingsSnapshot
+            {
+                DesktopClockSecondHandMode = "Sweep"
+            });
+        service.SaveForComponent(
+            "DesktopClassSchedule",
+            "class-schedule-2x2",
+            new ComponentSettingsSnapshot
+            {
+                ImportedClassSchedules =
+                [
+                    new ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot
+                    {
+                        Id = "spring-2026",
+                        DisplayName = "Spring 2026",
+                        FilePath = "C:\\Schedules\\spring-2026.yaml"
+                    }
+                ],
+                ActiveImportedClassScheduleId = "spring-2026"
+            });
+        service.SavePluginSettings(
+            "DesktopClassSchedule",
+            "class-schedule-2x2",
+            new SamplePluginSettings
+            {
+                SampleFlag = true,
+                Title = "schedule-settings"
+            });
+
+        ComponentSettingsService.ResetCacheForTests();
+        var reloadedService = sandbox.CreateService();
+
+        var clockSnapshot = reloadedService.LoadForComponent("DesktopClock", "clock-2x2");
+        var classScheduleSnapshot = reloadedService.LoadForComponent("DesktopClassSchedule", "class-schedule-2x2");
+        var pluginSettings = reloadedService.LoadPluginSettings<SamplePluginSettings>(
+            "DesktopClassSchedule",
+            "class-schedule-2x2");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Sweep", clockSnapshot.DesktopClockSecondHandMode);
+        Assert.Single(classScheduleSnapshot.ImportedClassSchedules);
+        Assert.Equal("spring-2026", classScheduleSnapshot.ActiveImportedClassScheduleId);
+        Assert.True(pluginSettings.SampleFlag);
+        Assert.Equal("schedule-settings", pluginSettings.Title);
+
+        using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(File.ReadAllText(sandbox.SettingsPath));
+        Assert.True(document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("instanceSettings", out var instanceSettings));
+        Assert.True(instanceSettings.TryGetProperty("DesktopClock::clock-2x2", out _));
+        Assert.True(instanceSettings.TryGetProperty("DesktopClassSchedule::class-schedule-2x2", out _));
+        Assert.True(document.RootElement.TryGetProperty("pluginSettings", out var pluginSettingsNode));
+        Assert.True(pluginSettingsNode.TryGetProperty("DesktopClassSchedule::class-schedule-2x2", out _));
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ComponentSettingsSandbox : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly string _directoryPath = Path.Combine(
+            Path.GetTempPath(),
+            "LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSettingsTests",
+            Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
+
+        public ComponentSettingsSandbox()
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(_directoryPath);
+            ComponentSettingsService.ResetCacheForTests();
+        }
+
+        public string SettingsPath => Path.Combine(_directoryPath, "component-settings.json");
+
+        public ComponentSettingsService CreateService()
+        {
+            return new ComponentSettingsService(_directoryPath);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            ComponentSettingsService.ResetCacheForTests();
+
+            try
+            {
+                if (Directory.Exists(_directoryPath))
+                {
+                    Directory.Delete(_directoryPath, true);
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Temporary test directories are best-effort cleanup.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class SamplePluginSettings
+    {
+        public bool SampleFlag { get; set; }
+
+        public string Title { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.Tests/LanMountainDesktop.Tests.csproj
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.Tests/LanMountainDesktop.Tests.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.14.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="xunit" Version="2.9.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="2.8.2">
+      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
+      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
+    </PackageReference>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\LanMountainDesktop\LanMountainDesktop.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.Tests/UiExceptionGuardTests.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.Tests/UiExceptionGuardTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+using System;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Tests;
+
+public sealed class UiExceptionGuardTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task RunGuardedUiActionAsync_SwallowsNonFatalException_AndInvokesHandler()
+    {
+        var handlerCalled = false;
+
+        await UiExceptionGuard.RunGuardedUiActionAsync(
+            () => throw new InvalidOperationException("boom"),
+            "UnitTest.NonFatal",
+            onHandledException: ex =>
+            {
+                handlerCalled = ex is InvalidOperationException;
+                return Task.CompletedTask;
+            });
+
+        Assert.True(handlerCalled);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task RunGuardedUiActionAsync_RethrowsFatalException()
+    {
+        await Assert.ThrowsAsync<OutOfMemoryException>(() =>
+            UiExceptionGuard.RunGuardedUiActionAsync(
+                () => throw new OutOfMemoryException("fatal"),
+                "UnitTest.Fatal"));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void IsFatalException_ReturnsExpectedClassification()
+    {
+        Assert.True(UiExceptionGuard.IsFatalException(new OutOfMemoryException()));
+        Assert.True(UiExceptionGuard.IsFatalException(new AccessViolationException()));
+        Assert.False(UiExceptionGuard.IsFatalException(new InvalidOperationException()));
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.sln
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.sln
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-
-Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
-# Visual Studio Version 17
-VisualStudioVersion = 17.0.31903.59
-MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
-Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "LanMountainDesktop", "LanMountainDesktop\LanMountainDesktop.csproj", "{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}"
-EndProject
-Global
-	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
-		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
-		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
-		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{00000001-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-	EndGlobalSection
-EndGlobal
--- a/LanMountainDesktop.slnx
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop.slnx
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<Solution>
+  <Project Path="LanAirApp/tools/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager/LanMountainDesktop.PluginPackager.csproj" />
+  <Project Path="LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk/LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+  <Project Path="LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper/LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper.csproj" />
+  <Project Path="LanMountainDesktop/LanMountainDesktop.csproj" />
+  <Project Path="LanMountainDesktop.Tests/LanMountainDesktop.Tests.csproj" />
+</Solution>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
    <Application.DataTemplates>
        <local:ViewLocator/>
    </Application.DataTemplates>
-  
+
    <Application.Styles>
        <sty:FluentAvaloniaTheme />
        <mi:MaterialIconStyles />
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs
@@ -1,21 +1,43 @@
-using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;
 using Avalonia.Data.Core;
 using Avalonia.Data.Core.Plugins;
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
 using LanMountainDesktop.ViewModels;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Views;
 using AvaloniaWebView;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop;

 public partial class App : Application
 {
+    private readonly AppSettingsService _appSettingsService = new();
+    private readonly LocalizationService _localizationService = new();
+    private readonly IHostApplicationLifecycle _hostApplicationLifecycle = new HostApplicationLifecycleService();
+    private bool _exitCleanupCompleted;
+
+    private SettingsWindow? _traySettingsWindow;
+    private TrayIcons? _trayIcons;
+    private PluginRuntimeService? _pluginRuntimeService;
+
+    internal static SingleInstanceService? CurrentSingleInstanceService { get; set; }
+    internal static IHostApplicationLifecycle? CurrentHostApplicationLifecycle =>
+        (Current as App)?._hostApplicationLifecycle;
+
+    public PluginRuntimeService? PluginRuntimeService => _pluginRuntimeService;
+    public IHostApplicationLifecycle HostApplicationLifecycle => _hostApplicationLifecycle;
+
    public override void Initialize()
    {
+        AppLogger.Info("App", "Initializing application resources.");
        ConfigureWebViewUserDataFolder();
        AvaloniaWebViewBuilder.Initialize(default);
        AvaloniaXamlLoader.Load(this);
@@ -23,20 +45,87 @@ public partial class App : Application

    public override void OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted()
    {
+        AppLogger.Info("App", "Framework initialization completed.");
+        LinuxDesktopEntryInstaller.EnsureInstalled();
+        InitializePluginRuntime();
+        AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved += OnAppSettingsSaved;
+        InitializeTrayIcon();
+
        if (ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
        {
-            // Avoid duplicate validations from both Avalonia and the CommunityToolkit. 
+            // Avoid duplicate validations from both Avalonia and the CommunityToolkit.
            // More info: https://docs.avaloniaui.net/docs/guides/development-guides/data-validation#manage-validationplugins
            DisableAvaloniaDataAnnotationValidation();
+            desktop.ShutdownMode = Avalonia.Controls.ShutdownMode.OnExplicitShutdown;
+            desktop.Exit += (_, _) =>
+            {
+                AppLogger.Info("App", "Desktop lifetime exit triggered.");
+                PerformExitCleanup();
+            };
            desktop.MainWindow = new MainWindow
            {
                DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel(),
            };
+            AppLogger.Info("App", $"Main window created. LogFile={AppLogger.LogFilePath}");
+            LogBrowserStartupDiagnostics();
+            CurrentSingleInstanceService?.StartActivationListener(ActivateMainWindow);
        }

        base.OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted();
    }

+    private void OnTrayExitClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+    {
+        _ = _hostApplicationLifecycle.TryExit(new HostApplicationLifecycleRequest(
+            Source: "TrayMenu",
+            Reason: "User selected Exit App from the tray menu."));
+    }
+
+    private void OnTraySettingsClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (ApplicationLifetime is not IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (_traySettingsWindow is { } existingWindow && existingWindow.IsVisible)
+                {
+                    existingWindow.WindowState = Avalonia.Controls.WindowState.Normal;
+                    existingWindow.Activate();
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var settingsWindow = new SettingsWindow();
+                settingsWindow.Closed += (_, _) =>
+                {
+                    if (ReferenceEquals(_traySettingsWindow, settingsWindow))
+                    {
+                        _traySettingsWindow = null;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                _traySettingsWindow = settingsWindow;
+                settingsWindow.Show();
+                settingsWindow.Activate();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                AppLogger.Warn("TraySettings", "Failed to open settings window.", ex);
+            }
+        }, DispatcherPriority.Normal);
+    }
+
+    private void OnTrayRestartClick(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+    {
+        _ = _hostApplicationLifecycle.TryRestart(new HostApplicationLifecycleRequest(
+            Source: "TrayMenu",
+            Reason: "User selected Restart App from the tray menu."));
+    }
+
    private void DisableAvaloniaDataAnnotationValidation()
    {
        // Get an array of plugins to remove
@@ -71,9 +160,220 @@ public partial class App : Application
                userDataFolder,
                EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process);
        }
-        catch
+        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            // Keep startup resilient if user profile folders are unavailable.
+            AppLogger.Warn("WebView2", "Failed to configure WebView2 user data folder.", ex);
        }
    }
+
+    private void InitializePluginRuntime()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            _pluginRuntimeService?.Dispose();
+            _pluginRuntimeService = new PluginRuntimeService();
+            _pluginRuntimeService.LoadInstalledPlugins();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("PluginRuntime", "Failed to initialize plugin runtime.", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void InitializeTrayIcon()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            DisposeTrayIcon();
+
+            using var iconStream = AssetLoader.Open(new Uri("avares://LanMountainDesktop/Assets/avalonia-logo.ico"));
+            var trayIcon = new TrayIcon
+            {
+                Icon = new WindowIcon(iconStream),
+                ToolTipText = L("tray.tooltip", "LanMountainDesktop"),
+                Menu = BuildTrayMenu(),
+                IsVisible = true
+            };
+
+            _trayIcons = [trayIcon];
+            TrayIcon.SetIcons(this, _trayIcons);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("TrayIcon", "Failed to initialize tray icon.", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NativeMenu BuildTrayMenu()
+    {
+        var menu = new NativeMenu();
+
+        var settingsItem = new NativeMenuItem(L("tray.menu.settings", "设置"));
+        settingsItem.Click += OnTraySettingsClick;
+        menu.Items.Add(settingsItem);
+
+        menu.Items.Add(new NativeMenuItemSeparator());
+
+        var restartItem = new NativeMenuItem(L("tray.menu.restart", "重启应用"));
+        restartItem.Click += OnTrayRestartClick;
+        menu.Items.Add(restartItem);
+
+        menu.Items.Add(new NativeMenuItemSeparator());
+
+        var exitItem = new NativeMenuItem(L("tray.menu.exit", "退出应用"));
+        exitItem.Click += OnTrayExitClick;
+        menu.Items.Add(exitItem);
+
+        return menu;
+    }
+
+    private void DisposeTrayIcon()
+    {
+        if (_trayIcons is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        TrayIcon.SetIcons(this, null);
+        foreach (var trayIcon in _trayIcons)
+        {
+            trayIcon.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        _trayIcons = null;
+    }
+
+    private void ActivateMainWindow()
+    {
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+        {
+            if (ApplicationLifetime is not IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (desktop.MainWindow is not Window mainWindow)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                if (!mainWindow.IsVisible)
+                {
+                    mainWindow.Show();
+                }
+
+                if (mainWindow.WindowState == WindowState.Minimized)
+                {
+                    mainWindow.WindowState = WindowState.Normal;
+                }
+
+                if (mainWindow.WindowState != WindowState.FullScreen)
+                {
+                    mainWindow.WindowState = WindowState.FullScreen;
+                }
+
+                mainWindow.Activate();
+                mainWindow.Topmost = true;
+                mainWindow.Topmost = false;
+                if (mainWindow is MainWindow lanMountainMainWindow)
+                {
+                    lanMountainMainWindow.ShowSingleInstanceNotice();
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                AppLogger.Warn("SingleInstance", "Failed to activate the existing main window.", ex);
+            }
+        }, DispatcherPriority.Send);
+    }
+
+    private void OnAppSettingsSaved(string _)
+    {
+        Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+        {
+            if (_trayIcons is not null)
+            {
+                InitializeTrayIcon();
+            }
+        }, DispatcherPriority.Background);
+    }
+
+    private void PerformExitCleanup()
+    {
+        if (_exitCleanupCompleted)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _exitCleanupCompleted = true;
+        AppSettingsService.SettingsSaved -= OnAppSettingsSaved;
+
+        try
+        {
+            _traySettingsWindow?.Close();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("App", "Failed to close tray-opened settings window during shutdown.", ex);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _traySettingsWindow = null;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            _pluginRuntimeService?.Dispose();
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("PluginRuntime", "Failed to dispose plugin runtime during shutdown.", ex);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _pluginRuntimeService = null;
+        }
+
+        AudioRecorderServiceFactory.DisposeSharedServices();
+        StudyAnalyticsServiceFactory.DisposeSharedService();
+        DisposeTrayIcon();
+    }
+
+    private void LogBrowserStartupDiagnostics()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var snapshot = new DesktopLayoutSettingsService().Load();
+            var browserPlacements = snapshot.DesktopComponentPlacements
+                .Where(placement => string.Equals(
+                    placement.ComponentId,
+                    BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopBrowser,
+                    StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                .ToList();
+            var runtimeAvailability = WebView2RuntimeProbe.GetAvailability();
+
+            AppLogger.Info(
+                "StartupDiagnostics",
+                $"Browser component diagnostics. HasBrowserPlacement={browserPlacements.Count > 0}; " +
+                $"ActivePageHasBrowser={browserPlacements.Any(item => item.PageIndex == snapshot.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex)}; " +
+                $"CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex={snapshot.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex}; " +
+                $"WebViewRuntimeAvailable={runtimeAvailability.IsAvailable}; " +
+                $"WebViewRuntimeVersion={runtimeAvailability.Version ?? string.Empty}; " +
+                $"WebViewRuntimeMessage={runtimeAvailability.Message}");
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("StartupDiagnostics", "Failed to log browser component diagnostics.", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string L(string key, string fallback)
+    {
+        var snapshot = _appSettingsService.Load();
+        var languageCode = _localizationService.NormalizeLanguageCode(snapshot.LanguageCode);
+        return _localizationService.GetString(languageCode, key, fallback);
+    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Assets/Fonts/MiSans-NOTICE.md
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Assets/Fonts/MiSans-NOTICE.md
@@ -1,22 +1,35 @@
-# MiSans Font Notice
+# MiSans 字体说明

-This app bundles MiSans fonts for consistent cross-device rendering.
+## 中文

-## Included files
+本项目内置 MiSans 字体，用于在不同设备上保持相对一致的文字渲染效果。
+
+### 包含文件

 - `MiSans-Regular.ttf`
 - `MiSans-Semibold.ttf`
 - `MiSans-Bold.ttf`

-## Source
+### 来源
+
+- 上游仓库：https://github.com/dsrkafuu/misans
+- 上游所引用的小米字体页面：https://hyperos.mi.com/font/zh/
+
+### 许可与使用说明
+
+- 上游脚本或打包仓库使用 Apache-2.0 许可。
+- MiSans 字体本身的版权和补充使用条款以小米官方说明为准：
+  - https://hyperos.mi.com/font-download/MiSans%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE.pdf
+
+在重新分发本项目时，请自行确认并遵守 MiSans 字体的相关条款。
+
+## English
+
+This project bundles MiSans fonts for more consistent cross-device rendering.
+
+### Sources

 - Upstream package repository: https://github.com/dsrkafuu/misans
- Original font source referenced by upstream: https://hyperos.mi.com/font/zh/
+- Xiaomi font source page: https://hyperos.mi.com/font/zh/

-## License and usage notes
-
- Script/package license in upstream repository: Apache-2.0
- MiSans font copyright and additional usage terms:
-  https://hyperos.mi.com/font-download/MiSans%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE.pdf
-
-Please review and comply with the MiSans font terms when distributing this app.
+Please review and comply with the MiSans font terms before redistributing this application.
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Assets/Weather/ATTRIBUTION.md
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Assets/Weather/ATTRIBUTION.md
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-# Weather Background Assets
+# 天气背景资源署名

-Weather card background images are sourced from **Pexels** and used under the Pexels license:
-https://www.pexels.com/license/
+## 中文

-## Sources
+本目录中的天气背景图像主要来自 **Pexels**，并按 Pexels License 使用：
+
+- License: https://www.pexels.com/license/
+
+### 原始来源

 - `clear_sky.jpg`
  - https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-clear-blue-sky-with-few-clouds-on-a-sunny-day-29390199/
@@ -14,16 +17,24 @@ https://www.pexels.com/license/
 - `storm.jpg`
  - https://www.pexels.com/photo/sea-under-a-stormy-sky-4609228/

-## Derived Variants (for widget scene mapping)
+### 派生资源

-The following files are generated from the above base assets by color grading/brightness adjustments to match the ColorOS-like weather card style:
+以下文件由上述基础图片经过色彩、亮度或风格调整后生成，用于适配阑山桌面的天气组件视觉：

- `clear_day.jpg` (from `clear_sky.jpg`)
- `clear_night.jpg` (from `clear_sky.jpg`)
- `cloudy_day.jpg` (from `clear_sky.jpg`)
- `cloudy_night.jpg` (from `clear_sky.jpg`)
- `rain_light.jpg` (from `rain.jpg`)
- `rain_heavy.jpg` (from `rain.jpg`)
- `storm_dark.jpg` (from `storm.jpg`)
- `fog_haze.jpg` (from `storm.jpg`)
- `snow_soft.jpg` (from `snow.jpg`)
+- `clear_day.jpg`
+- `clear_night.jpg`
+- `cloudy_day.jpg`
+- `cloudy_night.jpg`
+- `rain_light.jpg`
+- `rain_heavy.jpg`
+- `storm_dark.jpg`
+- `fog_haze.jpg`
+- `snow_soft.jpg`
+
+## English
+
+The weather background images in this directory are primarily sourced from **Pexels** and used under the Pexels License:
+
+- License: https://www.pexels.com/license/
+
+Derived variants in this repository are adjusted from the listed base assets for widget presentation.
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Assets/Weather/HyperOS3/ATTRIBUTION.md
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Assets/Weather/HyperOS3/ATTRIBUTION.md
@@ -1,45 +1,23 @@
-# HyperOS3 Weather Assets (Official Xiaomi Package)
+# HyperOS3 天气资源署名
+
+## 中文
+
+本目录中的 HyperOS3 风格天气资源来自用户提供的 Xiaomi Weather 安装包提取内容，以及基于该视觉方向制作的项目内派生资源。
+
+### 提取来源

-These assets were extracted from the official Xiaomi Weather APK provided by the user:
 - Source APK: `c:\Program Files\Netease\GameViewer\Download\MI SKY 12.apk`
- Package: `com.miui.weather2` (Mi Weather)
- Extraction date: 2026-03-03
+- Package: `com.miui.weather2`
+- Extraction date: `2026-03-03`

-Extracted source paths inside APK:
- `assets/map_custom/particle/sun_0.png` -> `hyper_sun_core.png`
- `assets/map_custom/particle/sun_1.png` -> `hyper_sun_ring.png`
- `assets/map_custom/particle/fog.png` -> `hyper_fog.png`
- `assets/map_custom/particle/haze.png` -> `hyper_haze.png`
- `assets/map_custom/particle/rain.png` -> `hyper_rain_drop.png`
- `assets/map_custom/particle/snow.png` -> `hyper_snow_flake.png`
- `assets/map_custom/skybox/top.png` -> `hyper_sky_top.png`
- `assets/map_custom/skybox/back.png` -> `hyper_sky_back.png`
- `assets/map_custom/skybox/front.png` -> `hyper_sky_front.png`
- `assets/map_custom/skybox/left.png` -> `hyper_sky_left.png`
- `assets/map_custom/skybox/right.png` -> `hyper_sky_right.png`
- `assets/map_custom/skybox/bottom.png` -> `hyper_sky_bottom.png`
- `assets/map_assets/VM3DRes/cross_sky_day.png` -> `hyper_cross_sky_day.png`
- `assets/map_assets/VM3DRes/cross_sky_night.png` -> `hyper_cross_sky_night.png`
+### 用途说明

-Extracted weather icon paths inside APK (`res/*.webp`):
- `res/aO.webp` -> `Icons/icon_sunny_day.webp`
- `res/k2.webp` -> `Icons/icon_moon_clear.webp`
- `res/Ip.webp` -> `Icons/icon_partly_cloudy_day.webp`
- `res/HI.webp` -> `Icons/icon_partly_cloudy_night.webp`
- `res/E4.webp` -> `Icons/icon_cloudy.webp`
- `res/5f.webp` -> `Icons/icon_rain_light.webp`
- `res/fO.webp` -> `Icons/icon_rain_heavy.webp`
- `res/lV1.webp` -> `Icons/icon_thunder.webp`
- `res/mH1.webp` -> `Icons/icon_snow.webp`
- `res/jB.webp` -> `Icons/icon_sleet.webp`
- `res/Wl.webp` -> `Icons/icon_haze.webp`
- `res/Mg.webp` -> `Icons/icon_windy.webp`
+- 这些资源仅用于项目内部视觉研究、原型还原和界面适配。
+- 使用时应遵守小米相关许可与使用条款。

-Use only according to Xiaomi's applicable license and usage terms.
+### 额外派生资源

-## Soft Widget Icon Set (2026-03-05)
-
-To better match the Xiaomi weather time-card visual hierarchy, an additional local icon set was generated for this project:
+以下文件为项目内基于上述视觉方向制作的派生素材：

 - `Icons/icon_hero_sun_soft.png`
 - `Icons/icon_hero_moon_soft.png`
@@ -52,4 +30,8 @@ To better match the Xiaomi weather time-card visual hierarchy, an additional loc
 - `Icons/icon_mini_snow_soft.png`
 - `Icons/icon_mini_fog_soft.png`

-These files are original derivative assets generated in-repo with local tooling, using the extracted Xiaomi package visual direction as reference (soft glow hero icon + lightweight forecast icons).
+## English
+
+The HyperOS3-style weather assets in this directory were extracted from a Xiaomi Weather APK provided by the user, together with additional derivative assets created in-repo to match the same visual direction.
+
+Use these resources only in accordance with Xiaomi's applicable license and usage terms.
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/BuiltInComponentIds.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/BuiltInComponentIds.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,13 @@ public static class BuiltInComponentIds
    public const string DesktopDailyPoetry = "DesktopDailyPoetry";
    public const string DesktopDailyArtwork = "DesktopDailyArtwork";
    public const string DesktopDailyWord = "DesktopDailyWord";
+    public const string DesktopDailyWord2x2 = "DesktopDailyWord2x2";
    public const string DesktopCnrDailyNews = "DesktopCnrDailyNews";
+    public const string DesktopIfengNews = "DesktopIfengNews";
+    public const string DesktopBilibiliHotSearch = "DesktopBilibiliHotSearch";
+    public const string DesktopBaiduHotSearch = "DesktopBaiduHotSearch";
+    public const string DesktopStcn24Forum = "DesktopStcn24Forum";
+    public const string DesktopExchangeRateCalculator = "DesktopExchangeRateCalculator";
    public const string DesktopWhiteboard = "DesktopWhiteboard";
    public const string DesktopBlackboardLandscape = "DesktopBlackboardLandscape";
    public const string DesktopBrowser = "DesktopBrowser";
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/ComponentRegistry.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/ComponentRegistry.cs
@@ -234,6 +234,15 @@ public sealed class ComponentRegistry
                MinHeightCells: 2,
                AllowStatusBarPlacement: false,
                AllowDesktopPlacement: true),
+            new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopDailyWord2x2,
+                "Daily Word 2x2",
+                "Book",
+                "Info",
+                MinWidthCells: 2,
+                MinHeightCells: 2,
+                AllowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+                AllowDesktopPlacement: true),
            new DesktopComponentDefinition(
                BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopCnrDailyNews,
                "CNR Daily News",
@@ -243,6 +252,51 @@ public sealed class ComponentRegistry
                MinHeightCells: 2,
                AllowStatusBarPlacement: false,
                AllowDesktopPlacement: true),
+            new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopIfengNews,
+                "iFeng News",
+                "News",
+                "Info",
+                MinWidthCells: 4,
+                MinHeightCells: 4,
+                AllowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+                AllowDesktopPlacement: true),
+            new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopBilibiliHotSearch,
+                "Bilibili Hot Search",
+                "News",
+                "Info",
+                MinWidthCells: 4,
+                MinHeightCells: 2,
+                AllowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+                AllowDesktopPlacement: true),
+            new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopBaiduHotSearch,
+                "Baidu Hot Search",
+                "News",
+                "Info",
+                MinWidthCells: 4,
+                MinHeightCells: 2,
+                AllowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+                AllowDesktopPlacement: true),
+            new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopStcn24Forum,
+                "STCN 24",
+                "News",
+                "Info",
+                MinWidthCells: 4,
+                MinHeightCells: 4,
+                AllowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+                AllowDesktopPlacement: true),
+            new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopExchangeRateCalculator,
+                "Exchange Rate Converter",
+                "Calculator",
+                "Calculator",
+                MinWidthCells: 4,
+                MinHeightCells: 4,
+                AllowStatusBarPlacement: false,
+                AllowDesktopPlacement: true),
            new DesktopComponentDefinition(
                BuiltInComponentIds.DesktopWhiteboard,
                "Blackboard Portrait",
@@ -331,6 +385,13 @@ public sealed class ComponentRegistry
        return new ComponentRegistry(merged);
    }

+    public ComponentRegistry RegisterComponents(IEnumerable<DesktopComponentDefinition> definitions)
+    {
+        var merged = _definitions.Values.ToList();
+        merged.AddRange(definitions);
+        return new ComponentRegistry(merged);
+    }
+
    public bool TryGetDefinition(string componentId, out DesktopComponentDefinition definition)
    {
        return _definitions.TryGetValue(componentId, out definition!);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/DesktopComponentRuntimeContext.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/DesktopComponentRuntimeContext.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+
+public sealed record DesktopComponentRuntimeContext(
+    string ComponentId,
+    string? PlacementId,
+    IComponentInstanceSettingsStore ComponentSettingsStore);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentPlacementContextAware.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentPlacementContextAware.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+
+public interface IComponentPlacementContextAware
+{
+    void SetComponentPlacementContext(string componentId, string? placementId);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentRuntimeContextAware.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentRuntimeContextAware.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+
+public interface IComponentRuntimeContextAware
+{
+    void SetComponentRuntimeContext(DesktopComponentRuntimeContext context);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentSettingsStoreAware.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/IComponentSettingsStoreAware.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+
+public interface IComponentSettingsStoreAware
+{
+    void SetComponentSettingsStore(IComponentInstanceSettingsStore settingsStore);
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/README.md
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/ComponentSystem/README.md
@@ -1,77 +1,38 @@
-# 组件系统模块（Component System Module）
+# 组件系统说明

-本目录提供组件系统的模块化基础，用于支持内置组件管理与第三方扩展接入。  
-This directory provides the modular foundation for built-in component management and third-party extension integration.
+## 中文

-## 核心文件职责（Core Files）
- `BuiltInComponentIds.cs`：内置组件 ID 常量（例如 `Clock`）。  
-  Built-in component ID constants (for example `Clock`).
- `DesktopComponentDefinition.cs`：组件元数据定义（名称、类别、最小尺寸、可放置区域等）。  
-  Component metadata model (name, category, minimum size, placement permissions).
- `ComponentPlacementRules.cs`：组件放置规则（最小尺寸、状态栏高度限制、网格边界约束）。  
-  Placement rules (minimum size, status-bar height rule, grid clamping).
- `ComponentRegistry.cs`：组件注册中心，负责内置组件与扩展组件合并。  
-  Registry that merges built-in and extension components.
- `Extensions/IComponentExtensionProvider.cs`：扩展提供者接口契约。  
-  Extension provider interface contract.
- `Extensions/JsonComponentExtensionProvider.cs`：基于 JSON 的扩展加载器。  
-  JSON-based extension loader.
+`ComponentSystem/` 提供阑山桌面组件定义、注册和扩展的基础能力。

-## 第三方扩展契约（Extension Contract）
- 第三方可通过实现 `IComponentExtensionProvider` 提供组件定义。  
-  Third parties can provide component definitions via `IComponentExtensionProvider`.
- 当前内置了 JSON 提供者，运行时扫描目录：  
-  Built-in JSON provider scans at runtime:
-  - `Extensions/Components/*.json`（相对应用输出目录）  
-    `Extensions/Components/*.json` (relative to app output directory)
+### 主要职责

-## 加载流程（Load Flow）
-1. `ComponentRegistry.CreateDefault()` 先注册内置组件。  
-   Register built-in components first via `ComponentRegistry.CreateDefault()`.
-2. 调用 `.RegisterExtensions(...)` 合并扩展组件。  
-   Merge extension components via `.RegisterExtensions(...)`.
-3. 主窗口通过注册中心校验组件合法性与放置权限。  
-   Main window validates component identity and placement permission through the registry.
+- 管理内置组件 ID 和元数据
+- 约束组件最小尺寸与可放置区域
+- 合并内置组件与扩展组件
+- 通过 JSON 或扩展提供者接入第三方组件

-## JSON 清单格式（Manifest Schema）
-JSON 文件为数组，每一项代表一个组件定义。  
-The JSON file is an array, where each item represents one component definition.
+### 关键文件

-```json
-[
-  {
-    "id": "Weather",
-    "displayName": "Weather",
-    "iconKey": "WeatherSunny",
-    "category": "Status",
-    "minWidthCells": 1,
-    "minHeightCells": 1,
-    "allowStatusBarPlacement": true,
-    "allowDesktopPlacement": true
-  }
-]
-```
+- `BuiltInComponentIds.cs`：内置组件 ID 常量
+- `DesktopComponentDefinition.cs`：组件元数据模型
+- `ComponentPlacementRules.cs`：放置规则
+- `ComponentRegistry.cs`：组件注册中心
+- `Extensions/IComponentExtensionProvider.cs`：扩展提供者接口
+- `Extensions/JsonComponentExtensionProvider.cs`：JSON 扩展加载器

-字段说明（Field notes）：
- `id`：组件唯一 ID（建议英文、稳定不变）。  
-  Unique component ID (prefer stable English key).
- `displayName`：显示名。  
-  Display name.
- `iconKey`：图标键（由上层 UI 解释）。  
-  Icon key resolved by UI layer.
- `category`：组件分类。  
-  Component category.
- `minWidthCells` / `minHeightCells`：最小占格，必须满足 `>= 1`。  
-  Minimum cell size, must satisfy `>= 1`.
- `allowStatusBarPlacement`：是否允许放到顶部状态栏。  
-  Whether placing in top status bar is allowed.
- `allowDesktopPlacement`：是否允许放到桌面区域。  
-  Whether placing in desktop area is allowed.
+### 扩展方式

-## 放置规则摘要（Placement Rules Summary）
- 最小尺寸约束：`minWidthCells >= 1` 且 `minHeightCells >= 1`。  
-  Minimum size constraint: `minWidthCells >= 1` and `minHeightCells >= 1`.
- 状态栏约束：状态栏组件高度必须为 `1` 格。  
-  Status bar constraint: component height must be exactly `1` cell.
- 越界约束：所有组件坐标会被网格边界钳制（clamp）。  
-  Out-of-bounds constraint: component coordinates are clamped to grid bounds.
+- 当前默认扫描 `Extensions/Components/*.json`
+- 组件清单定义显示名、分类、最小尺寸和可放置区域
+- 主程序通过注册中心统一验证组件是否合法
+
+## English
+
+`ComponentSystem/` contains the foundation for component definition, registration, and extension in LanMountainDesktop.
+
+### Responsibilities
+
+- manage built-in component IDs and metadata
+- enforce placement rules
+- merge built-in and extension components
+- support third-party registration through JSON or provider contracts
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/LanMountainDesktop.csproj
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/LanMountainDesktop.csproj
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@
    <None Include="Extensions\Components\*.json" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" />
  </ItemGroup>

+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk\LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper\LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper.csproj"
+                      ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.3.12" />
    <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="11.3.12" />
@@ -36,10 +42,13 @@
    </PackageReference>
    <PackageReference Include="CommunityToolkit.Mvvm" Version="8.2.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="DotNetCampus.AvaloniaInkCanvas" Version="1.0.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Downloader" Version="4.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="FluentAvaloniaUI" Version="2.5.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="FluentIcons.Avalonia" Version="2.0.319" />
    <PackageReference Include="FluentIcons.Avalonia.Fluent" Version="2.0.319" />
    <PackageReference Include="Material.Icons.Avalonia" Version="2.4.1" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection" Version="10.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.Abstractions" Version="10.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Data.Sqlite" Version="10.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="LibVLCSharp.Avalonia" Version="3.9.5" />
    <PackageReference Include="PortAudioSharp2" Version="1.0.6" />
@@ -51,4 +60,22 @@
    <PackageReference Include="WebView.Avalonia.Desktop" Version="11.0.0.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="YamlDotNet" Version="16.3.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <Target Name="CopyPluginsInstallHelperToOutput" AfterTargets="Build">
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <PluginsInstallHelperFiles Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper\bin\$(Configuration)\net10.0\**\*.*" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <Copy SourceFiles="@(PluginsInstallHelperFiles)"
+          DestinationFiles="@(PluginsInstallHelperFiles->'$(OutDir)PluginsInstallHelper\%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)')"
+          SkipUnchangedFiles="true" />
+  </Target>
+
+  <Target Name="CopyPluginsInstallHelperToPublish" AfterTargets="Publish" Condition="'$(PublishDir)' != ''">
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <PluginsInstallHelperPublishFiles Include="..\LanMountainDesktop.PluginsInstallHelper\bin\$(Configuration)\net10.0\**\*.*" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <Copy SourceFiles="@(PluginsInstallHelperPublishFiles)"
+          DestinationFiles="@(PluginsInstallHelperPublishFiles->'$(PublishDir)PluginsInstallHelper\%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)')"
+          SkipUnchangedFiles="true" />
+  </Target>
 </Project>
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/en-US.json
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/en-US.json
@@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
 {
    "app.title":  "LanMountainDesktop",
+    "tray.tooltip":  "LanMountainDesktop",
+    "tray.menu.settings":  "Settings",
+    "tray.menu.restart":  "Restart App",
+    "tray.menu.exit":  "Exit App",
    "button.back_to_windows":  "Back to Windows",
    "tooltip.back_to_windows":  "Back to Windows",
    "tooltip.open_settings":  "Settings",
    "settings.title":  "Settings",
+    "settings.shell.title":  "Application Settings",
+    "settings.shell.subtitle":  "LanMountainDesktop standalone preferences",
+    "settings.shell.sidebar_hint":  "Choose a category to adjust application behavior, desktop layout, and appearance.",
+    "settings.shell.footer_hint":  "Tray-opened settings are managed in this standalone window.",
    "settings.back_to_desktop":  "Back to Desktop",
    "settings.nav_header":  "Settings",
+    "settings.nav.group_desktop":  "Desktop",
+    "settings.nav.group_system":  "System",
+    "settings.nav.group_extensions":  "Extensions",
    "settings.nav.wallpaper":  "Wallpaper",
    "settings.nav.grid":  "Grid",
    "settings.nav.color":  "Color",
@@ -13,6 +24,8 @@
    "settings.nav.weather":  "Weather",
    "settings.nav.region":  "Region",
    "settings.nav.update":  "Update",
+    "settings.nav.launcher":  "App Launcher",
+    "settings.nav.plugins":  "Plugins",
    "settings.nav.about":  "About",
    "settings.wallpaper.title":  "Wallpaper",
    "settings.wallpaper.description":  "Pick an image or video to apply as the app window wallpaper immediately.",
@@ -107,6 +120,8 @@
    "settings.weather.preview_header":  "Connection Test",
    "settings.weather.preview_desc":  "Send one test request to verify current settings.",
    "settings.weather.preview_button":  "Test Fetch",
+    "settings.weather.preview_section":  "Weather Preview",
+    "settings.weather.settings_section":  "Settings",
    "settings.weather.preview_panel_header":  "Weather Preview",
    "settings.weather.preview_panel_desc":  "Refresh and verify current weather service status.",
    "settings.weather.refresh_button":  "Refresh",
@@ -127,6 +142,15 @@
    "settings.weather.status_city_empty":  "No city location is configured.",
    "settings.weather.status_city_format":  "Mode: {0} | {1} | Key: {2}",
    "settings.weather.status_coordinates_format":  "Mode: {0} | Lat {1:F4}, Lon {2:F4} | Key: {3}",
+    "settings.weather.city_selection_label":  "City Selection",
+    "settings.weather.coordinates_selection_label":  "Coordinate Location",
+    "settings.weather.location_city_summary_desc":  "Select the current city used for weather queries.",
+    "settings.weather.location_coordinates_summary_desc":  "Set latitude/longitude and optional location name used for weather queries.",
+    "settings.weather.location_not_selected":  "No location selected",
+    "settings.weather.alert_list_label":  "Exclude List",
+    "settings.weather.alert_list_desc":  "One exclusion rule per line.",
+    "settings.weather.no_tls_toggle":  "Allow non-TLS request fallback",
+    "settings.weather.footer_hint":  "Desktop weather widgets will reuse the location and alert exclusion settings configured here.",
    "settings.weather.location_header":  "Weather Location",
    "settings.weather.location_desc":  "Set the location used by weather widgets.",
    "settings.weather.location_placeholder":  "e.g. Beijing",
@@ -227,6 +251,7 @@
    "settings.update.status_launching_installer":  "Download complete. Launching installer...",
    "settings.update.status_installer_missing":  "Installer file was not found after download.",
    "settings.update.status_installer_started":  "Installer started. The app will close for update.",
+    "settings.update.status_elevation_cancelled":  "Administrator permission was not granted. Update was cancelled.",
    "settings.update.status_launch_failed_format":  "Failed to start installer: {0}",
    "settings.about.title":  "About",
    "settings.about.version_format":  "Version: {0}",
@@ -235,6 +260,25 @@
    "settings.about.startup_header":  "Windows Startup",
    "settings.about.startup_desc":  "Launch the app automatically when signing in to Windows.",
    "settings.about.startup_toggle":  "Launch at Windows sign-in",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_header":  "App Rendering Mode",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_desc":  "Choose the rendering backend. Restart the app after changing this option. Unsupported modes fall back to software.",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.default":  "Default",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.software":  "Software",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl":  "angleEgl",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.wgl":  "WGL",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.vulkan":  "Vulkan",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.unknown":  "Unknown",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_label":  "Current actual backend",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "Current backend: {0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "Runtime implementation: {0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "Runtime implementation details are unavailable.",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "Restart the app to switch the rendering mode from \"{0}\" to \"{1}\". Restart now?",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "Restart now",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "Cancel",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "Restart required",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "Some changes will take effect after restarting the app.",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "Restart app",
    "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop Settings",
    "filepicker.title":  "Select wallpaper",
    "filepicker.image_files":  "Image files",
@@ -249,9 +293,112 @@
    "desktop.page_index_format":  "Desktop {0}",
    "launcher.title":  "App Launcher",
    "launcher.subtitle":  "Apps and folders from Windows Start Menu",
+    "launcher.subtitle_linux":  "Installed apps discovered from Linux desktop entries",
    "launcher.empty":  "No Start Menu entries found.",
+    "launcher.empty_linux":  "No Linux desktop entries were found.",
    "launcher.empty_folder":  "This folder is empty.",
    "launcher.folder_items_format":  "{0} apps",
+    "launcher.context.hide_icon":  "Hide Icon",
+    "launcher.action.hide":  "Hide",
+    "settings.launcher.title":  "App Launcher",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_header":  "Hidden Items",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_desc":  "Review hidden launcher entries and show them again.",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_hint":  "In desktop edit mode, select a launcher icon and click Hide. Hidden entries appear here.",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_empty":  "No hidden items.",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_type_folder":  "Folder",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_type_shortcut":  "Shortcut",
+    "settings.launcher.restore_button":  "Unhide",
+    "settings.plugins.title":  "Plugins",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_header":  "Plugin Runtime",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "Review plugin runtime state and load results.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "This page shows discovery status, load results, and runtime diagnostics for installed plugins.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "Plugin runtime status will appear here after plugin discovery completes.",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_header":  "Installed Plugins",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_desc":  "Review installed plugins and remove them here.",
+    "settings.plugins.import_header":  "Install From Package",
+    "settings.plugins.import_desc":  "Open a .laapp package and stage it into the local plugin directory.",
+    "settings.plugins.restart_hint":  "Plugin installation and deletion changes take effect after restarting the app.",
+    "settings.plugins.empty":  "No plugins found.",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is not available.",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_format":  "Detected {0} plugin(s); enabled {1}; loaded {2}; settings pages {3}; widgets {4}; failures {5}.",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_item_format":  "{0}  v{1}  |  {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled":  "Enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled_failed":  "Enabled / failed to load",
+    "settings.plugins.state.disabled":  "Disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.state.loaded":  "Loaded",
+    "settings.plugins.state.load_failed":  "Load failed",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_on":  "Enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_off":  "Disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "Plugin '{0}' was {1} for the next launch. Restart the app to apply page and widget changes.",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "enabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "disabled",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_failed_detail_format":  "Failed to update plugin '{0}': {1}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "Open .laapp package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is unavailable, so .laapp packages cannot be installed right now.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "Open a .laapp package to install it into: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "Select plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp plugin package",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "Storage provider is unavailable.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "Failed to copy the selected .laapp package.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "Installed plugin '{0}'. Restart the app to apply newly added settings pages and widgets.",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "Failed to install plugin package: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.delete_button":  "Delete plugin",
+    "settings.plugins.delete_success_format":  "Plugin '{0}' was staged for deletion. Restart the app to finish removing it.",
+    "settings.plugins.delete_failed_format":  "Failed to delete plugin: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.delete_failed_detail_format":  "Failed to delete plugin '{0}': {1}",
+    "settings.plugins.publisher_format":  "Publisher: {0}",
+    "settings.plugins.publisher_unknown":  "Unknown publisher",
+    "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp package",
+    "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "Loose manifest",
+    "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.detail_format":  "Settings pages: {0} | Widgets: {1}",
+    "settings.nav.plugin_market":  "Plugin Market",
+    "settings.plugin_market.title":  "Plugin Market",
+    "settings.plugin_market.subtitle":  "Browse plugins from the official LanAirApp source and stage installs.",
+    "settings.plugin_market.unavailable":  "Plugin runtime is not available, so the official market cannot be opened right now.",
+    "market.toolbar.search_placeholder":  "Search plugins",
+    "market.toolbar.refresh":  "Refresh",
+    "market.status.loading":  "Loading the official plugin market...",
+    "market.status.loaded_network_format":  "Loaded {0} plugin(s) from the official source.",
+    "market.status.loaded_cache_format":  "Official source unavailable. Loaded {0} plugin(s) from cache. Reason: {1}",
+    "market.status.load_failed_format":  "Failed to load the plugin market: {0}",
+    "market.status.installing_format":  "Downloading and staging plugin '{0}'...",
+    "market.status.install_success_format":  "Plugin '{0}' has been staged. Restart the app to apply it.",
+    "market.status.install_failed_format":  "Failed to install plugin: {0}",
+    "market.status.host_incompatible_format":  "This host is too old. Version {0} or newer is required.",
+    "market.list.empty":  "The plugin market has not been loaded yet.",
+    "market.list.no_results":  "No plugins match the current search.",
+    "market.card.subtitle_format":  "{0} | v{1}",
+    "market.card.loaded":  "Loaded",
+    "market.card.pending_restart":  "Restart required",
+    "market.detail.placeholder":  "Select a plugin on the left to inspect details.",
+    "market.detail.author":  "Author",
+    "market.detail.version":  "Version",
+    "market.detail.api_version":  "API Version",
+    "market.detail.min_host_version":  "Minimum Host Version",
+    "market.detail.installed_version":  "Installed Version",
+    "market.detail.not_installed":  "Not installed",
+    "market.detail.readme":  "README",
+    "market.detail.plugin_information":  "Plugin Information",
+    "market.detail.author_subtitle_format":  "By {0}",
+    "market.detail.package_size":  "Package Size",
+    "market.detail.published_at":  "Published At",
+    "market.detail.updated_at":  "Updated At",
+    "market.detail.tags":  "Tags",
+    "market.detail.project":  "Project",
+    "market.detail.state":  "Install State",
+    "market.detail.market_source":  "Market Source",
+    "market.detail.homepage":  "Homepage",
+    "market.detail.repository":  "Repository",
+    "market.detail.release_notes":  "Release Notes",
+    "market.detail.state.not_installed":  "Not installed",
+    "market.detail.state.update_available":  "Update available",
+    "market.detail.state.installed":  "Installed",
+    "market.detail.unknown":  "Unknown",
+    "market.button.install":  "Install",
+    "market.button.update":  "Update",
+    "market.button.installed":  "Installed",
+    "market.button.installing":  "Installing...",
    "button.component_library":  "Edit Desktop",
    "tooltip.component_library":  "Edit Desktop",
    "component_library.title":  "Widgets",
@@ -265,6 +412,7 @@
    "component_category.board":  "Board",
    "component_category.media":  "Media",
    "component_category.info":  "Info",
+    "component_category.calculator":  "Calculator",
    "component_category.study":  "Study",
    "component.date":  "Calendar",
    "component.month_calendar":  "Month Calendar",
@@ -283,7 +431,13 @@
    "component.daily_poetry":  "Daily Poetry",
    "component.daily_artwork":  "Daily Artwork",
    "component.daily_word":  "Daily Word",
+    "component.daily_word_2x2":  "Daily Word 2x2",
    "component.cnr_daily_news":  "CNR Headlines",
+    "component.ifeng_news":  "iFeng News",
+    "component.bilibili_hot_search":  "Bilibili Hot Search",
+    "component.baidu_hot_search":  "Baidu Hot Search",
+    "component.stcn24_forum":  "STCN 24",
+    "component.exchange_rate_converter":  "Exchange Rate Converter",
    "component.whiteboard":  "Blackboard (Portrait)",
    "component.blackboard_landscape":  "Blackboard (Landscape)",
    "component.browser":  "Browser",
@@ -328,12 +482,122 @@
    "dailyword.widget.fallback_meaning":  "Youdao dictionary is temporarily unavailable.",
    "dailyword.widget.fallback_example":  "Tap the refresh button and try again.",
    "dailyword.widget.fallback_example_translation":  "It will retry when network recovers.",
+    "dailyword2x2.widget.tap_to_show":  "Tap to reveal meaning",
    "cnrnews.widget.loading":  "Loading...",
    "cnrnews.widget.loading_title":  "Fetching CNR headlines",
    "cnrnews.widget.loading_subtitle":  "Please wait",
    "cnrnews.widget.fetch_failed":  "News fetch failed",
    "cnrnews.widget.fallback_title":  "CNR news is temporarily unavailable",
    "cnrnews.widget.fallback_subtitle":  "Tap refresh and try again",
+    "cnrnews.widget.hot_label":  "Hot",
+    "bilihot.widget.brand":  "bilibili hot search",
+    "bilihot.widget.top_right_label":  "bilibili热搜",
+    "bilihot.widget.search_entry":  "Search",
+    "bilihot.widget.search_placeholder":  "Search trending topics",
+    "bilihot.widget.loading":  "Loading...",
+    "bilihot.widget.loading_item":  "Loading...",
+    "bilihot.widget.fetch_failed":  "Hot search fetch failed",
+    "bilihot.widget.fallback_item":  "No hot search data",
+    "bilihot.widget.more_hot":  "More hot search",
+    "baiduhot.widget.brand":  "Baidu Hot Search",
+    "baiduhot.widget.loading":  "Loading...",
+    "baiduhot.widget.loading_item":  "Loading...",
+    "baiduhot.widget.fetch_failed":  "Hot search fetch failed",
+    "baiduhot.widget.fallback_item":  "No hot search data",
+    "baiduhot.widget.refresh_tooltip":  "Refresh",
+    "ifeng.widget.brand":  "iFeng News",
+    "ifeng.widget.loading":  "Loading...",
+    "ifeng.widget.loading_item":  "Loading...",
+    "ifeng.widget.fetch_failed":  "News fetch failed",
+    "ifeng.widget.fallback_item":  "No news data",
+    "ifeng.widget.refresh_tooltip":  "Refresh",
+    "dailyword.settings.title":  "Daily word settings",
+    "dailyword.settings.desc":  "Configure auto refresh and refresh interval.",
+    "dailyword.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "Auto refresh",
+    "dailyword.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "Enable auto refresh",
+    "dailyword.settings.frequency_label":  "Refresh interval",
+    "bilihot.settings.title":  "Bilibili hot search settings",
+    "bilihot.settings.desc":  "Configure auto refresh and refresh interval.",
+    "bilihot.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "Auto refresh",
+    "bilihot.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "Enable auto refresh",
+    "bilihot.settings.frequency_label":  "Refresh interval",
+    "baiduhot.settings.title":  "Baidu hot search settings",
+    "baiduhot.settings.desc":  "Configure source, auto refresh and refresh interval.",
+    "baiduhot.settings.source_label":  "Data source",
+    "baiduhot.settings.source_official":  "Official Source",
+    "baiduhot.settings.source_rss":  "Third-party RSS",
+    "baiduhot.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "Auto refresh",
+    "baiduhot.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "Enable auto refresh",
+    "baiduhot.settings.frequency_label":  "Refresh interval",
+    "ifeng.settings.title":  "iFeng news settings",
+    "ifeng.settings.desc":  "Configure channel, auto refresh and refresh interval.",
+    "ifeng.settings.channel_label":  "News channel",
+    "ifeng.settings.channel_comprehensive":  "Comprehensive",
+    "ifeng.settings.channel_mainland":  "China Mainland",
+    "ifeng.settings.channel_taiwan":  "Taiwan",
+    "ifeng.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "Auto refresh",
+    "ifeng.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "Enable auto refresh",
+    "ifeng.settings.frequency_label":  "Refresh interval",
+    "refresh.frequency.5m":  "5 minutes",
+    "refresh.frequency.10m":  "10 minutes",
+    "refresh.frequency.12m":  "12 minutes",
+    "refresh.frequency.15m":  "15 minutes",
+    "refresh.frequency.20m":  "20 minutes",
+    "refresh.frequency.30m":  "30 minutes",
+    "refresh.frequency.40m":  "40 minutes",
+    "refresh.frequency.1h":  "1 hour",
+    "refresh.frequency.3h":  "3 hours",
+    "refresh.frequency.6h":  "6 hours",
+    "refresh.frequency.12h":  "12 hours",
+    "refresh.frequency.24h":  "24 hours",
+    "weather.widget.settings.title":  "Weather widget settings",
+    "weather.widget.settings.desc":  "Configure auto refresh and refresh interval for all weather widgets.",
+    "weather.widget.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "Auto refresh",
+    "weather.widget.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "Enable auto refresh",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_label":  "Refresh interval",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_10m":  "10 minutes",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_12m":  "12 minutes",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_15m":  "15 minutes",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_30m":  "30 minutes",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_1h":  "1 hour",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_3h":  "3 hours",
+    "stcn24.widget.loading":  "Loading...",
+    "stcn24.widget.loading_item":  "Loading...",
+    "stcn24.widget.fetch_failed":  "Forum posts fetch failed",
+    "stcn24.widget.fallback_item":  "No posts",
+    "stcn24.settings.title":  "STCN 24 settings",
+    "stcn24.settings.desc":  "Configure information source, auto refresh and refresh interval.",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_label":  "Information source",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_latest_created":  "Latest posts",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_latest_activity":  "Latest activity",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_most_replies":  "Most replies",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_earliest_created":  "Earliest posts",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_earliest_activity":  "Earliest activity",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_least_replies":  "Least replies",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_frontpage_latest":  "Frontpage latest",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_frontpage_earliest":  "Frontpage earliest",
+    "stcn24.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "Auto refresh",
+    "stcn24.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "Enable auto refresh",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_label":  "Refresh interval",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_5m":  "5 minutes",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_10m":  "10 minutes",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_20m":  "20 minutes",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_30m":  "30 minutes",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_1h":  "1 hour",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_3h":  "3 hours",
+    "exchange.widget.loading":  "Loading exchange rates...",
+    "exchange.widget.fetch_failed":  "Exchange rate fetch failed",
+    "cnrnews.settings.title":  "CNR Settings",
+    "cnrnews.settings.desc":  "Configure auto-rotation and refresh interval.",
+    "cnrnews.settings.auto_rotate_label":  "Auto-rotation",
+    "cnrnews.settings.auto_rotate_enabled":  "Enable auto-rotation",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_label":  "Rotation interval",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_5m":  "5 minutes",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_10m":  "10 minutes",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_40m":  "40 minutes",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_1h":  "1 hour",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_12h":  "12 hours",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_24h":  "24 hours",
    "artwork.settings.title":  "Daily Artwork Settings",
    "artwork.settings.desc":  "Switch the data source used by Daily Artwork.",
    "artwork.settings.source_label":  "Mirror Source",
@@ -479,5 +743,10 @@
    "placement.fit":  "Fit",
    "placement.stretch":  "Stretch",
    "placement.center":  "Center",
-    "placement.tile":  "Tile"
-}
+    "placement.tile":  "Tile",
+    "single_instance.notice.title":  "App already running",
+    "single_instance.notice.description":  "The app is already running. There is no need to click multiple times to open it.",
+    "single_instance.notice.button":  "OK"
+  }
+
+
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/zh-CN.json
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Localization/zh-CN.json
@@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
 {
    "app.title":  "LanMountainDesktop",
+    "tray.tooltip":  "LanMountainDesktop",
+    "tray.menu.settings":  "设置",
+    "tray.menu.restart":  "重启应用",
+    "tray.menu.exit":  "退出应用",
    "button.back_to_windows":  "回到Windows",
    "tooltip.back_to_windows":  "回到Windows",
    "tooltip.open_settings":  "设置",
    "settings.title":  "设置",
+    "settings.shell.title":  "应用设置",
+    "settings.shell.subtitle":  "LanMountainDesktop 独立设置窗口",
+    "settings.shell.sidebar_hint":  "选择一个分类以调整应用行为、桌面布局与外观。",
+    "settings.shell.footer_hint":  "托盘菜单打开的设置会统一在这个独立窗口中管理。",
    "settings.back_to_desktop":  "返回桌面",
    "settings.nav_header":  "设置选项",
+    "settings.nav.group_desktop":  "桌面",
+    "settings.nav.group_system":  "系统",
+    "settings.nav.group_extensions":  "扩展",
    "settings.nav.wallpaper":  "壁纸",
    "settings.nav.grid":  "网格",
    "settings.nav.color":  "颜色",
@@ -13,6 +24,8 @@
    "settings.nav.weather":  "天气",
    "settings.nav.region":  "地区",
    "settings.nav.update":  "更新",
+    "settings.nav.launcher":  "应用启动台",
+    "settings.nav.plugins":  "插件",
    "settings.nav.about":  "关于",
    "settings.wallpaper.title":  "壁纸",
    "settings.wallpaper.description":  "选择图片或视频后可立即设为应用窗口壁纸。",
@@ -107,6 +120,8 @@
    "settings.weather.preview_header":  "连接测试",
    "settings.weather.preview_desc":  "发送一次测试请求，验证当前配置是否可用。",
    "settings.weather.preview_button":  "测试获取",
+    "settings.weather.preview_section":  "天气预览",
+    "settings.weather.settings_section":  "设置",
    "settings.weather.preview_panel_header":  "天气预览",
    "settings.weather.preview_panel_desc":  "刷新并验证当前天气服务状态。",
    "settings.weather.refresh_button":  "刷新",
@@ -127,6 +142,15 @@
    "settings.weather.status_city_empty":  "尚未配置城市位置。",
    "settings.weather.status_city_format":  "模式：{0}｜{1}｜Key：{2}",
    "settings.weather.status_coordinates_format":  "模式：{0}｜纬度 {1:F4}，经度 {2:F4}｜Key：{3}",
+    "settings.weather.city_selection_label":  "城市选择",
+    "settings.weather.coordinates_selection_label":  "坐标定位",
+    "settings.weather.location_city_summary_desc":  "选择当前所在的城市，用于天气查询。",
+    "settings.weather.location_coordinates_summary_desc":  "设置经纬度与可选的位置名称，用于天气查询。",
+    "settings.weather.location_not_selected":  "未选择位置",
+    "settings.weather.alert_list_label":  "排除列表",
+    "settings.weather.alert_list_desc":  "一行一条排除项。",
+    "settings.weather.no_tls_toggle":  "允许在兼容性较差的网络环境下回退到非 TLS 请求",
+    "settings.weather.footer_hint":  "桌面上的天气组件会共享这里配置的天气位置与预警排除规则。",
    "settings.weather.location_header":  "天气位置",
    "settings.weather.location_desc":  "设置天气组件使用的位置。",
    "settings.weather.location_placeholder":  "例如：北京",
@@ -227,6 +251,7 @@
    "settings.update.status_launching_installer":  "下载完成，正在启动安装程序...",
    "settings.update.status_installer_missing":  "下载后未找到安装包文件。",
    "settings.update.status_installer_started":  "安装程序已启动，应用将关闭进行更新。",
+    "settings.update.status_elevation_cancelled":  "未授予管理员权限，更新已取消。",
    "settings.update.status_launch_failed_format":  "启动安装程序失败：{0}",
    "settings.about.title":  "关于",
    "settings.about.version_format":  "版本号: {0}",
@@ -235,6 +260,25 @@
    "settings.about.startup_header":  "Windows 自启动",
    "settings.about.startup_desc":  "在登录 Windows 时自动启动应用。",
    "settings.about.startup_toggle":  "登录 Windows 时启动",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_header":  "应用渲染模式",
+    "settings.about.render_mode_desc":  "选择应用渲染后端。更改后需要重启应用生效。不支持的模式会回退到软件渲染。",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.default":  "默认",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.software":  "软件",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.angle_egl":  "angleEgl",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.wgl":  "WGL",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.vulkan":  "Vulkan",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.unknown":  "未知",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_label":  "当前实际渲染后端",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.current_format":  "当前后端：{0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_format":  "运行时实现：{0}",
+    "settings.about.render_mode.impl_unavailable":  "当前无法获取运行时实现信息。",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.render_mode_message":  "需要重启应用，才能将渲染模式从“{0}”切换到“{1}”。是否现在重启？",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.restart":  "立即重启",
+    "settings.restart_dialog.cancel":  "取消",
+    "settings.restart_dock.title":  "需要重启应用",
+    "settings.restart_dock.description":  "部分更改需要在重启应用后才会生效。",
+    "settings.restart_dock.button":  "重启应用",
    "settings.footer":  "LanMountainDesktop 设置",
    "filepicker.title":  "选择壁纸",
    "filepicker.image_files":  "图片文件",
@@ -249,9 +293,112 @@
    "desktop.page_index_format":  "桌面 {0}",
    "launcher.title":  "应用启动台",
    "launcher.subtitle":  "按 Windows 开始菜单结构显示所有应用与文件夹",
+    "launcher.subtitle_linux":  "显示从 Linux .desktop 条目扫描到的已安装应用",
    "launcher.empty":  "未找到开始菜单条目。",
+    "launcher.empty_linux":  "未找到 Linux .desktop 应用条目。",
    "launcher.empty_folder":  "此文件夹为空。",
    "launcher.folder_items_format":  "{0} 个应用",
+    "launcher.context.hide_icon":  "隐藏图标",
+    "launcher.action.hide":  "隐藏",
+    "settings.launcher.title":  "应用启动台",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_header":  "已隐藏项目",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_desc":  "查看已隐藏的启动台项目并重新显示。",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_hint":  "进入桌面编辑模式后，在启动台选中图标并点击“隐藏”，隐藏后的项目会显示在这里。",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_empty":  "暂无隐藏项目。",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_type_folder":  "文件夹",
+    "settings.launcher.hidden_type_shortcut":  "快捷方式",
+    "settings.launcher.restore_button":  "取消隐藏",
+    "settings.plugins.title":  "插件",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_header":  "插件运行时",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_desc":  "查看插件运行时状态、加载结果与诊断信息。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_hint":  "这里展示已安装插件的发现结果、加载状态和运行时诊断信息。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_status":  "插件扫描完成后，运行时状态会显示在这里。",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_header":  "已安装插件",
+    "settings.plugins.installed_desc":  "在这里查看和删除已安装的插件。",
+    "settings.plugins.import_header":  "从安装包导入",
+    "settings.plugins.import_desc":  "打开一个 .laapp 插件包，并将其暂存到本地插件目录。",
+    "settings.plugins.restart_hint":  "插件安装和删除变更会在重启应用后生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.empty":  "未找到插件。",
+    "settings.plugins.runtime_unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用。",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_format":  "共检测到 {0} 个插件；已启用 {1} 个；已加载 {2} 个；设置页 {3} 个；组件 {4} 个；失败 {5} 个。",
+    "settings.plugins.summary_item_format":  "{0}  v{1}  |  {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled":  "已启用",
+    "settings.plugins.state.enabled_failed":  "已启用 / 加载失败",
+    "settings.plugins.state.disabled":  "已禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.state.loaded":  "已加载",
+    "settings.plugins.state.load_failed":  "加载失败",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_on":  "启用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_off":  "禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_result_format":  "插件“{0}”已在下次启动时设为{1}。重启应用后，设置页和组件变更才会生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_enabled":  "启用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_state_disabled":  "禁用",
+    "settings.plugins.toggle_failed_detail_format":  "更新插件“{0}”状态失败：{1}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_button":  "打开 .laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用，暂时无法安装 .laapp 插件包。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_hint_format":  "打开一个 .laapp 插件包，安装到：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_title":  "选择插件安装包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_file_type":  ".laapp 插件包",
+    "settings.plugins.install_picker_unavailable":  "文件存储提供程序不可用。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_copy_failed":  "复制所选 .laapp 插件包失败。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_success_format":  "插件“{0}”安装完成。重启应用后，新增的设置页和组件才会生效。",
+    "settings.plugins.install_failed_format":  "安装插件包失败：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.delete_button":  "删除插件",
+    "settings.plugins.delete_success_format":  "插件“{0}”已暂存删除。重启应用后会完成移除。",
+    "settings.plugins.delete_failed_format":  "删除插件失败：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.delete_failed_detail_format":  "删除插件“{0}”失败：{1}",
+    "settings.plugins.publisher_format":  "发布者：{0}",
+    "settings.plugins.publisher_unknown":  "未知发布者",
+    "settings.plugins.source_package":  ".laapp 包",
+    "settings.plugins.source_manifest":  "散装清单",
+    "settings.plugins.subtitle_format":  "{0} | {1} | {2}",
+    "settings.plugins.detail_format":  "设置页：{0} | 组件：{1}",
+    "settings.nav.plugin_market":  "插件市场",
+    "settings.plugin_market.title":  "插件市场",
+    "settings.plugin_market.subtitle":  "浏览来自 LanAirApp 官方源的插件，并将安装暂存到本地。",
+    "settings.plugin_market.unavailable":  "插件运行时不可用，暂时无法打开官方市场。",
+    "market.toolbar.search_placeholder":  "搜索插件",
+    "market.toolbar.refresh":  "刷新",
+    "market.status.loading":  "正在加载官方插件市场...",
+    "market.status.loaded_network_format":  "已从官方源加载 {0} 个插件。",
+    "market.status.loaded_cache_format":  "官方源暂时不可用，已从缓存加载 {0} 个插件。原因：{1}",
+    "market.status.load_failed_format":  "加载插件市场失败：{0}",
+    "market.status.installing_format":  "正在下载并暂存插件“{0}”...",
+    "market.status.install_success_format":  "插件“{0}”已暂存完成。重启应用后生效。",
+    "market.status.install_failed_format":  "安装插件失败：{0}",
+    "market.status.host_incompatible_format":  "当前宿主版本过低，至少需要 {0}。",
+    "market.list.empty":  "插件市场尚未加载。",
+    "market.list.no_results":  "没有匹配当前搜索的插件。",
+    "market.card.subtitle_format":  "{0} | v{1}",
+    "market.card.loaded":  "已加载",
+    "market.card.pending_restart":  "需要重启",
+    "market.detail.placeholder":  "从左侧选择一个插件以查看详情。",
+    "market.detail.author":  "作者",
+    "market.detail.version":  "版本",
+    "market.detail.api_version":  "API 版本",
+    "market.detail.min_host_version":  "最低宿主版本",
+    "market.detail.installed_version":  "已安装版本",
+    "market.detail.not_installed":  "未安装",
+    "market.detail.readme":  "README",
+    "market.detail.plugin_information":  "插件信息",
+    "market.detail.author_subtitle_format":  "作者：{0}",
+    "market.detail.package_size":  "包大小",
+    "market.detail.published_at":  "首次发布",
+    "market.detail.updated_at":  "最近更新",
+    "market.detail.tags":  "标签",
+    "market.detail.project":  "项目",
+    "market.detail.state":  "安装状态",
+    "market.detail.market_source":  "市场源",
+    "market.detail.homepage":  "主页",
+    "market.detail.repository":  "仓库",
+    "market.detail.release_notes":  "发布说明",
+    "market.detail.state.not_installed":  "未安装",
+    "market.detail.state.update_available":  "可更新",
+    "market.detail.state.installed":  "已安装",
+    "market.detail.unknown":  "未知",
+    "market.button.install":  "安装",
+    "market.button.update":  "更新",
+    "market.button.installed":  "已安装",
+    "market.button.installing":  "安装中...",
    "button.component_library":  "桌面编辑",
    "tooltip.component_library":  "桌面编辑",
    "component_library.title":  "桌面编辑",
@@ -265,6 +412,7 @@
    "component_category.board":  "白板",
    "component_category.media":  "媒体",
    "component_category.info":  "信息推荐",
+    "component_category.calculator":  "计算器",
    "component_category.study":  "自习",
    "component.date":  "日历",
    "component.month_calendar":  "月历",
@@ -283,7 +431,13 @@
    "component.daily_poetry":  "每日诗词",
    "component.daily_artwork":  "每日名画",
    "component.daily_word":  "每日单词",
+    "component.daily_word_2x2":  "每日单词 2x2",
    "component.cnr_daily_news":  "央广网头条",
+    "component.ifeng_news":  "凤凰网新闻",
+    "component.bilibili_hot_search":  "B站热搜",
+    "component.baidu_hot_search":  "百度热搜",
+    "component.stcn24_forum":  "STCN 24",
+    "component.exchange_rate_converter":  "汇率换算",
    "component.whiteboard":  "竖向小黑板",
    "component.blackboard_landscape":  "横向小黑板",
    "component.browser":  "浏览器",
@@ -328,12 +482,122 @@
    "dailyword.widget.fallback_meaning":  "有道词典暂不可用",
    "dailyword.widget.fallback_example":  "请点击右上角刷新重试",
    "dailyword.widget.fallback_example_translation":  "网络恢复后将自动更新",
+    "dailyword2x2.widget.tap_to_show":  "点击查看释义",
    "cnrnews.widget.loading":  "加载中...",
    "cnrnews.widget.loading_title":  "正在获取新闻热点",
    "cnrnews.widget.loading_subtitle":  "请稍候",
    "cnrnews.widget.fetch_failed":  "新闻获取失败",
    "cnrnews.widget.fallback_title":  "央广网新闻暂不可用",
    "cnrnews.widget.fallback_subtitle":  "点击右上角稍后重试",
+    "cnrnews.widget.hot_label":  "热点",
+    "bilihot.widget.brand":  "bilibili 热搜",
+    "bilihot.widget.top_right_label":  "bilibili热搜",
+    "bilihot.widget.search_entry":  "搜索",
+    "bilihot.widget.search_placeholder":  "搜索热词",
+    "bilihot.widget.loading":  "加载中...",
+    "bilihot.widget.loading_item":  "加载中...",
+    "bilihot.widget.fetch_failed":  "热搜获取失败",
+    "bilihot.widget.fallback_item":  "暂无热搜",
+    "bilihot.widget.more_hot":  "更多热搜",
+    "baiduhot.widget.brand":  "百度热搜",
+    "baiduhot.widget.loading":  "加载中...",
+    "baiduhot.widget.loading_item":  "加载中...",
+    "baiduhot.widget.fetch_failed":  "热搜获取失败",
+    "baiduhot.widget.fallback_item":  "暂无热搜",
+    "baiduhot.widget.refresh_tooltip":  "刷新",
+    "ifeng.widget.brand":  "凤凰网新闻",
+    "ifeng.widget.loading":  "加载中...",
+    "ifeng.widget.loading_item":  "加载中...",
+    "ifeng.widget.fetch_failed":  "新闻获取失败",
+    "ifeng.widget.fallback_item":  "暂无新闻",
+    "ifeng.widget.refresh_tooltip":  "刷新",
+    "dailyword.settings.title":  "每日单词设置",
+    "dailyword.settings.desc":  "配置自动刷新开关与刷新频率。",
+    "dailyword.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "自动刷新",
+    "dailyword.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "启用自动刷新",
+    "dailyword.settings.frequency_label":  "刷新频率",
+    "bilihot.settings.title":  "B站热搜设置",
+    "bilihot.settings.desc":  "配置自动刷新开关与刷新频率。",
+    "bilihot.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "自动刷新",
+    "bilihot.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "启用自动刷新",
+    "bilihot.settings.frequency_label":  "刷新频率",
+    "baiduhot.settings.title":  "百度热搜设置",
+    "baiduhot.settings.desc":  "配置数据源、自动刷新开关与刷新频率。",
+    "baiduhot.settings.source_label":  "数据源",
+    "baiduhot.settings.source_official":  "百度官方源",
+    "baiduhot.settings.source_rss":  "第三方 RSS 源",
+    "baiduhot.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "自动刷新",
+    "baiduhot.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "启用自动刷新",
+    "baiduhot.settings.frequency_label":  "刷新频率",
+    "ifeng.settings.title":  "凤凰网新闻设置",
+    "ifeng.settings.desc":  "配置频道、自动刷新开关与刷新频率。",
+    "ifeng.settings.channel_label":  "新闻频道",
+    "ifeng.settings.channel_comprehensive":  "综合",
+    "ifeng.settings.channel_mainland":  "中国大陆",
+    "ifeng.settings.channel_taiwan":  "台湾",
+    "ifeng.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "自动刷新",
+    "ifeng.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "启用自动刷新",
+    "ifeng.settings.frequency_label":  "刷新频率",
+    "refresh.frequency.5m":  "5 分钟",
+    "refresh.frequency.10m":  "10 分钟",
+    "refresh.frequency.12m":  "12 分钟",
+    "refresh.frequency.15m":  "15 分钟",
+    "refresh.frequency.20m":  "20 分钟",
+    "refresh.frequency.30m":  "30 分钟",
+    "refresh.frequency.40m":  "40 分钟",
+    "refresh.frequency.1h":  "1 小时",
+    "refresh.frequency.3h":  "3 小时",
+    "refresh.frequency.6h":  "6 小时",
+    "refresh.frequency.12h":  "12 小时",
+    "refresh.frequency.24h":  "24 小时",
+    "weather.widget.settings.title":  "天气组件设置",
+    "weather.widget.settings.desc":  "配置全部天气组件的自动刷新开关与刷新频率。",
+    "weather.widget.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "自动刷新",
+    "weather.widget.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "启用自动刷新",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_label":  "刷新频率",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_10m":  "10 分钟",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_12m":  "12 分钟",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_15m":  "15 分钟",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_30m":  "30 分钟",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_1h":  "1 小时",
+    "weather.widget.settings.frequency_3h":  "3 小时",
+    "stcn24.widget.loading":  "加载中...",
+    "stcn24.widget.loading_item":  "加载中...",
+    "stcn24.widget.fetch_failed":  "帖子获取失败",
+    "stcn24.widget.fallback_item":  "暂无帖子",
+    "stcn24.settings.title":  "STCN 24 设置",
+    "stcn24.settings.desc":  "配置信息源、自动刷新开关与刷新频率。",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_label":  "信息源",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_latest_created":  "最新发布",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_latest_activity":  "最新回复",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_most_replies":  "回复最多",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_earliest_created":  "最早发布",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_earliest_activity":  "最早回复",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_least_replies":  "回复最少",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_frontpage_latest":  "前台推荐（新）",
+    "stcn24.settings.source_frontpage_earliest":  "前台推荐（旧）",
+    "stcn24.settings.auto_refresh_label":  "自动刷新",
+    "stcn24.settings.auto_refresh_enabled":  "启用自动刷新",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_label":  "刷新频率",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_5m":  "5 分钟",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_10m":  "10 分钟",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_20m":  "20 分钟",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_30m":  "30 分钟",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_1h":  "1 小时",
+    "stcn24.settings.frequency_3h":  "3 小时",
+    "exchange.widget.loading":  "正在加载汇率...",
+    "exchange.widget.fetch_failed":  "汇率获取失败",
+    "cnrnews.settings.title":  "央广网设置",
+    "cnrnews.settings.desc":  "配置新闻自动轮换与刷新频率。",
+    "cnrnews.settings.auto_rotate_label":  "自动轮换",
+    "cnrnews.settings.auto_rotate_enabled":  "启用自动轮换",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_label":  "轮换频率",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_5m":  "5 分钟",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_10m":  "10 分钟",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_40m":  "40 分钟",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_1h":  "1 小时",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_12h":  "12 小时",
+    "cnrnews.settings.frequency_24h":  "24 小时",
    "artwork.settings.title":  "每日图片设置",
    "artwork.settings.desc":  "切换每日图片的数据源。",
    "artwork.settings.source_label":  "镜像源",
@@ -479,5 +743,10 @@
    "placement.fit":  "适应",
    "placement.stretch":  "拉伸",
    "placement.center":  "居中",
-    "placement.tile":  "平铺"
-}
+    "placement.tile":  "平铺",
+    "single_instance.notice.title":  "应用已经运行",
+    "single_instance.notice.description":  "应用已经运行，无需多次点击打开。",
+    "single_instance.notice.button":  "确定"
+  }
+
+
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/AppSettingsSnapshot.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/AppSettingsSnapshot.cs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot

    public int SettingsTabIndex { get; set; } = 0;

+    public string? SettingsTabTag { get; set; }
+
    public string LanguageCode { get; set; } = "zh-CN";

    public string? TimeZoneId { get; set; }
@@ -44,10 +46,10 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot

    public bool WeatherNoTlsRequests { get; set; }

-    public string DailyArtworkMirrorSource { get; set; } = DailyArtworkMirrorSources.Overseas;
-
    public bool AutoStartWithWindows { get; set; }

+    public string AppRenderMode { get; set; } = "Default";
+
    public bool AutoCheckUpdates { get; set; } = true;

    public bool IncludePrereleaseUpdates { get; set; }
@@ -72,31 +74,7 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot

    public int StatusBarCustomSpacingPercent { get; set; } = 12;

-    public int DesktopPageCount { get; set; } = 1;
-
-    public int CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex { get; set; } = 0;
-
-    public List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot> DesktopComponentPlacements { get; set; } = [];
-
-    public List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot> ImportedClassSchedules { get; set; } = [];
-
-    public string ActiveImportedClassScheduleId { get; set; } = string.Empty;
-
-    public bool StudyEnvironmentShowDisplayDb { get; set; } = true;
-
-    public bool StudyEnvironmentShowDbfs { get; set; }
-
-    public string DesktopClockTimeZoneId { get; set; } = "China Standard Time";
-    public string DesktopClockSecondHandMode { get; set; } = "Tick";
-
-    public List<string> WorldClockTimeZoneIds { get; set; } =
-    [
-        "China Standard Time",
-        "GMT Standard Time",
-        "AUS Eastern Standard Time",
-        "Eastern Standard Time"
-    ];
-    public string WorldClockSecondHandMode { get; set; } = "Tick";
+    public List<string> DisabledPluginIds { get; set; } = [];

    public AppSettingsSnapshot Clone()
    {
@@ -108,53 +86,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsSnapshot
        clone.PinnedTaskbarActions = PinnedTaskbarActions is { Count: > 0 }
            ? new List<string>(PinnedTaskbarActions)
            : [];
-
-        var placements = new List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot>(DesktopComponentPlacements?.Count ?? 0);
-        if (DesktopComponentPlacements is not null)
-        {
-            foreach (var placement in DesktopComponentPlacements)
-            {
-                if (placement is null)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                placements.Add(new DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot
-                {
-                    PlacementId = placement.PlacementId,
-                    PageIndex = placement.PageIndex,
-                    ComponentId = placement.ComponentId,
-                    Row = placement.Row,
-                    Column = placement.Column,
-                    WidthCells = placement.WidthCells,
-                    HeightCells = placement.HeightCells
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        clone.DesktopComponentPlacements = placements;
-
-        var schedules = new List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot>(ImportedClassSchedules?.Count ?? 0);
-        if (ImportedClassSchedules is not null)
-        {
-            foreach (var schedule in ImportedClassSchedules)
-            {
-                if (schedule is null)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                schedules.Add(new ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot
-                {
-                    Id = schedule.Id,
-                    DisplayName = schedule.DisplayName,
-                    FilePath = schedule.FilePath
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        clone.ImportedClassSchedules = schedules;
-
-        clone.WorldClockTimeZoneIds = WorldClockTimeZoneIds is { Count: > 0 }
-            ? new List<string>(WorldClockTimeZoneIds)
+        clone.DisabledPluginIds = DisabledPluginIds is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new List<string>(DisabledPluginIds)
            : [];

        return clone;
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/BaiduHotSearchSourceTypes.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/BaiduHotSearchSourceTypes.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public static class BaiduHotSearchSourceTypes
+{
+    public const string Official = "Official";
+    public const string ThirdPartyRss = "ThirdPartyRss";
+
+    public static string Normalize(string? sourceType)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(sourceType, ThirdPartyRss, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return ThirdPartyRss;
+        }
+
+        return Official;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/ComponentSettingsSnapshot.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/ComponentSettingsSnapshot.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public sealed class ComponentSettingsSnapshot
+{
+    public string DailyArtworkMirrorSource { get; set; } = DailyArtworkMirrorSources.Overseas;
+
+    public List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot> ImportedClassSchedules { get; set; } = [];
+
+    public string ActiveImportedClassScheduleId { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+    public bool StudyEnvironmentShowDisplayDb { get; set; } = true;
+
+    public bool StudyEnvironmentShowDbfs { get; set; }
+
+    public string DesktopClockTimeZoneId { get; set; } = "China Standard Time";
+
+    public string DesktopClockSecondHandMode { get; set; } = "Tick";
+
+    public List<string> WorldClockTimeZoneIds { get; set; } =
+    [
+        "China Standard Time",
+        "GMT Standard Time",
+        "AUS Eastern Standard Time",
+        "Eastern Standard Time"
+    ];
+
+    public string WorldClockSecondHandMode { get; set; } = "Tick";
+
+    public bool CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+    public int CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 60;
+
+    public bool IfengNewsAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+    public int IfengNewsAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 20;
+
+    public string IfengNewsChannelType { get; set; } = IfengNewsChannelTypes.Comprehensive;
+
+    public bool DailyWordAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+    public int DailyWordAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 360;
+
+    public bool BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+    public int BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 15;
+
+    public bool BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+    public int BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 15;
+
+    public string BaiduHotSearchSourceType { get; set; } = BaiduHotSearchSourceTypes.Official;
+
+    public bool WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+    public int WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 12;
+
+    public bool Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+    public int Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 20;
+
+    public string Stcn24ForumSourceType { get; set; } = Stcn24ForumSourceTypes.LatestCreated;
+
+    public ComponentSettingsSnapshot Clone()
+    {
+        var clone = (ComponentSettingsSnapshot)MemberwiseClone();
+
+        var schedules = new List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot>(ImportedClassSchedules?.Count ?? 0);
+        if (ImportedClassSchedules is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (var schedule in ImportedClassSchedules)
+            {
+                if (schedule is null)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                schedules.Add(new ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot
+                {
+                    Id = schedule.Id,
+                    DisplayName = schedule.DisplayName,
+                    FilePath = schedule.FilePath
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        clone.ImportedClassSchedules = schedules;
+        clone.WorldClockTimeZoneIds = WorldClockTimeZoneIds is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new List<string>(WorldClockTimeZoneIds)
+            : [];
+
+        return clone;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public sealed class DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot
+{
+    public int DesktopPageCount { get; set; } = 1;
+
+    public int CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex { get; set; }
+
+    public List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot> DesktopComponentPlacements { get; set; } = [];
+
+    public DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot Clone()
+    {
+        var clone = (DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot)MemberwiseClone();
+        var placements = new List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot>(DesktopComponentPlacements?.Count ?? 0);
+
+        if (DesktopComponentPlacements is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (var placement in DesktopComponentPlacements)
+            {
+                if (placement is null)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                placements.Add(new DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot
+                {
+                    PlacementId = placement.PlacementId,
+                    PageIndex = placement.PageIndex,
+                    ComponentId = placement.ComponentId,
+                    Row = placement.Row,
+                    Column = placement.Column,
+                    WidthCells = placement.WidthCells,
+                    HeightCells = placement.HeightCells
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        clone.DesktopComponentPlacements = placements;
+        return clone;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/IfengNewsChannelTypes.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/IfengNewsChannelTypes.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public static class IfengNewsChannelTypes
+{
+    public const string Comprehensive = "Comprehensive";
+    public const string Mainland = "Mainland";
+    public const string Taiwan = "Taiwan";
+
+    public static IReadOnlyList<string> SupportedValues { get; } =
+    [
+        Comprehensive,
+        Mainland,
+        Taiwan
+    ];
+
+    public static string Normalize(string? value)
+    {
+        var candidate = value?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        foreach (var supported in SupportedValues)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(candidate, supported, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                return supported;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return Comprehensive;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/LauncherSettingsSnapshot.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/LauncherSettingsSnapshot.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public sealed class LauncherSettingsSnapshot
+{
+    public List<string> HiddenLauncherFolderPaths { get; set; } = [];
+
+    public List<string> HiddenLauncherAppPaths { get; set; } = [];
+
+    public LauncherSettingsSnapshot Clone()
+    {
+        var clone = (LauncherSettingsSnapshot)MemberwiseClone();
+        clone.HiddenLauncherFolderPaths = HiddenLauncherFolderPaths is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new List<string>(HiddenLauncherFolderPaths)
+            : [];
+        clone.HiddenLauncherAppPaths = HiddenLauncherAppPaths is { Count: > 0 }
+            ? new List<string>(HiddenLauncherAppPaths)
+            : [];
+        return clone;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/RecommendationDataModels.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/RecommendationDataModels.cs
@@ -35,6 +35,35 @@ public sealed record DailyNewsSnapshot(
    IReadOnlyList<DailyNewsItemSnapshot> Items,
    DateTimeOffset FetchedAt);

+public sealed record BilibiliHotSearchItemSnapshot(
+    string Title,
+    string Keyword,
+    string Url,
+    long? HeatScore,
+    bool HasHotTag,
+    string? IconUrl);
+
+public sealed record BilibiliHotSearchSnapshot(
+    string Provider,
+    string Source,
+    string SearchPlaceholder,
+    string SearchUrl,
+    string MoreHotUrl,
+    IReadOnlyList<BilibiliHotSearchItemSnapshot> Items,
+    DateTimeOffset FetchedAt);
+
+public sealed record BaiduHotSearchItemSnapshot(
+    string Title,
+    string Url,
+    long? HeatScore);
+
+public sealed record BaiduHotSearchSnapshot(
+    string Provider,
+    string Source,
+    string BoardUrl,
+    IReadOnlyList<BaiduHotSearchItemSnapshot> Items,
+    DateTimeOffset FetchedAt);
+
 public sealed record DailyWordSnapshot(
    string Provider,
    string Word,
@@ -45,3 +74,24 @@ public sealed record DailyWordSnapshot(
    string? ExampleTranslation,
    string? SourceUrl,
    DateTimeOffset FetchedAt);
+
+public sealed record ExchangeRateSnapshot(
+    string Provider,
+    string Source,
+    string BaseCurrency,
+    string TargetCurrency,
+    decimal Rate,
+    DateTimeOffset FetchedAt);
+
+public sealed record Stcn24ForumPostItemSnapshot(
+    string Title,
+    string Url,
+    string? AuthorDisplayName,
+    string? AuthorAvatarUrl,
+    DateTimeOffset? CreatedAt);
+
+public sealed record Stcn24ForumPostsSnapshot(
+    string Provider,
+    string Source,
+    IReadOnlyList<Stcn24ForumPostItemSnapshot> Items,
+    DateTimeOffset FetchedAt);
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/RefreshIntervalCatalog.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/RefreshIntervalCatalog.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public static class RefreshIntervalCatalog
+{
+    public static IReadOnlyList<int> SupportedIntervalsMinutes { get; } =
+    [
+        5,
+        10,
+        12,
+        15,
+        20,
+        30,
+        40,
+        60,
+        180,
+        360,
+        720,
+        1440
+    ];
+
+    public static int Normalize(int minutes, int fallbackMinutes)
+    {
+        if (minutes <= 0)
+        {
+            return fallbackMinutes;
+        }
+
+        if (SupportedIntervalsMinutes.Contains(minutes))
+        {
+            return minutes;
+        }
+
+        return SupportedIntervalsMinutes
+            .OrderBy(value => Math.Abs(value - minutes))
+            .FirstOrDefault(fallbackMinutes);
+    }
+
+    public static string ToLocalizationKeySuffix(int minutes)
+    {
+        return minutes switch
+        {
+            5 => "5m",
+            10 => "10m",
+            12 => "12m",
+            15 => "15m",
+            20 => "20m",
+            30 => "30m",
+            40 => "40m",
+            60 => "1h",
+            180 => "3h",
+            360 => "6h",
+            720 => "12h",
+            1440 => "24h",
+            _ => $"{minutes}m"
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static string ToEnglishFallbackLabel(int minutes)
+    {
+        return minutes switch
+        {
+            60 => "1 hour",
+            180 => "3 hours",
+            360 => "6 hours",
+            720 => "12 hours",
+            1440 => "24 hours",
+            _ => $"{minutes} min"
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/StartMenuAppEntry.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/StartMenuAppEntry.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;

 public sealed class StartMenuAppEntry
 {
@@ -9,4 +11,10 @@ public sealed class StartMenuAppEntry
    public required string RelativePath { get; init; }

    public byte[]? IconPngBytes { get; init; }
+
+    public string? LaunchExecutable { get; init; }
+
+    public IReadOnlyList<string> LaunchArguments { get; init; } = [];
+
+    public string? WorkingDirectory { get; init; }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/Stcn24ForumSourceTypes.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/Stcn24ForumSourceTypes.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+public static class Stcn24ForumSourceTypes
+{
+    public const string LatestCreated = "LatestCreated";
+    public const string LatestActivity = "LatestActivity";
+    public const string MostReplies = "MostReplies";
+    public const string EarliestCreated = "EarliestCreated";
+    public const string EarliestActivity = "EarliestActivity";
+    public const string LeastReplies = "LeastReplies";
+    public const string FrontpageLatest = "FrontpageLatest";
+    public const string FrontpageEarliest = "FrontpageEarliest";
+
+    public static IReadOnlyList<string> SupportedValues { get; } =
+    [
+        LatestCreated,
+        LatestActivity,
+        MostReplies,
+        EarliestCreated,
+        EarliestActivity,
+        LeastReplies,
+        FrontpageLatest,
+        FrontpageEarliest
+    ];
+
+    public static string Normalize(string? value)
+    {
+        var candidate = value?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        foreach (var supported in SupportedValues)
+        {
+            if (string.Equals(candidate, supported, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                return supported;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return LatestCreated;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Models/TaskbarActionId.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Models/TaskbarActionId.cs
@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ public enum TaskbarActionId
    AddDesktopPage,
    DeleteDesktopPage,
    DeleteComponent,
-    EditComponent
+    EditComponent,
+    HideLauncherEntry
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/PACKAGING.md
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/PACKAGING.md
@@ -1,75 +1,51 @@
-# Desktop Packaging Guide
+# 桌面端打包指南

-## Prerequisites
- Install `.NET SDK 10`
- Windows installer build only:
-  - Install `Inno Setup 6` (`ISCC.exe`)
+## 中文

-## Local packaging commands
+本指南说明阑山桌面的本地打包和 CI 打包流程。
+
+### 前置条件
+
+- 安装 .NET SDK 10
+- Windows 安装包需要 Inno Setup 6（`ISCC.exe`）
+
+### 本地打包命令
+
+#### Windows 安装包

-### Windows installer (`win-x64`)
 ```powershell
 .\scripts\package.ps1 -RuntimeIdentifier win-x64 -Version 1.0.1
 ```

-Output:
- Published files: `artifacts/publish/win-x64`
- Installer: `artifacts/installer`
+#### Linux 包

-### Linux package (`linux-x64`)
 ```powershell
 pwsh ./scripts/package.ps1 -RuntimeIdentifier linux-x64 -Version 1.0.1
 ```

-Output:
- Published files: `artifacts/publish/linux-x64`
- Zip package: `artifacts/packages/LanMountainDesktop-1.0.1-linux-x64.zip`
+#### macOS 包

-### macOS package (`osx-x64`)
 ```powershell
 pwsh ./scripts/package.ps1 -RuntimeIdentifier osx-x64 -Version 1.0.1
 ```

-Output:
- Published files: `artifacts/publish/osx-x64`
- Zip package: `artifacts/packages/LanMountainDesktop-1.0.1-osx-x64.zip`
+### 产物位置

-## Optional script flags
-```powershell
-# Publish only (skip Windows installer step)
-.\scripts\package.ps1 -RuntimeIdentifier win-x64 -SkipInstaller
+- 发布目录：`artifacts/publish/<rid>`
+- 安装包或压缩包：`artifacts/installer` 或 `artifacts/packages`

-# Publish only (skip Linux/macOS zip package step)
-pwsh ./scripts/package.ps1 -RuntimeIdentifier linux-x64 -SkipArchive
-```
+### CI 流程

-## Runtime dependency notes
- Linux build does not bundle a native `libvlc` package from NuGet.
-  - Install VLC runtime on target machine, for example:
-    - Ubuntu/Debian: `sudo apt install vlc libvlc-dev`
- macOS packaging target in CI is currently `osx-x64`.
+- 工作流文件：`.github/workflows/windows-ci.yml`
+- 日常构建会验证桌面端可编译
+- 手动触发或 `v*` 标签可生成正式包并上传到 Release

-## CI workflow
- Workflow file: `.github/workflows/windows-ci.yml`
- Workflow name: `Desktop CI`
+## English

-Jobs:
- `Validate Build (Windows)` runs on every push and pull request.
- Package flow runs on manual trigger or `v*` tag push:
-  - `Resolve Package Version` (single shared version source)
-  - `Package (Windows)` (`win-x64` installer)
-  - `Package (Linux)` (`linux-x64` zip)
-  - `Package (macOS)` (`osx-x64` zip)
- On `v*` tags, `Attach Artifacts to GitHub Release` uploads Windows/Linux/macOS packages to the release.
+This guide covers local packaging and CI packaging for LanMountainDesktop.

-### Trigger manual packaging
-1. Open GitHub Actions.
-2. Choose `Desktop CI`.
-3. Click `Run workflow`.
-4. Optional: set `version` input, for example `1.0.1`.
+### Key points

-### Trigger by tag
-```powershell
-git tag v1.0.1
-git push origin v1.0.1
-```
+- use `scripts/package.ps1` with the target runtime identifier
+- Windows installer requires Inno Setup
+- CI can publish artifacts and attach them to GitHub Releases
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Program.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Program.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-using Avalonia;
-using Avalonia.WebView.Desktop;
 using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.WebView.Desktop;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 namespace LanMountainDesktop;

@@ -10,14 +14,157 @@ sealed class Program
    // SynchronizationContext-reliant code before AppMain is called: things aren't initialized
    // yet and stuff might break.
    [STAThread]
-    public static void Main(string[] args) => BuildAvaloniaApp()
-        .StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(args);
+    public static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        AppLogger.Initialize();
+        RegisterGlobalExceptionLogging();
+        var restartParentProcessId = AppRestartService.TryGetRestartParentProcessId(args);
+
+        using var singleInstance = AcquireSingleInstance(restartParentProcessId);
+        if (!singleInstance.IsPrimaryInstance)
+        {
+            if (restartParentProcessId is not null)
+            {
+                AppLogger.Warn(
+                    "Startup",
+                    $"Restart relaunch could not acquire the single-instance lock. pid={restartParentProcessId.Value}. Suppressing multi-open activation prompt.");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            AppLogger.Warn("Startup", "A secondary launch was blocked because another instance is already running.");
+            _ = singleInstance.TryNotifyPrimaryInstance(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var diagnostics = StartupDiagnosticsService.Run(args);
+        StartupDiagnosticsService.ShowLegacyExecutableWarningIfNeeded(diagnostics);
+
+        try
+        {
+            var renderMode = LoadConfiguredRenderMode();
+            AppLogger.Info("Startup", $"Resolved render mode '{renderMode}'.");
+            App.CurrentSingleInstanceService = singleInstance;
+            BuildAvaloniaApp(renderMode).StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(args);
+            AppLogger.Info("Startup", "Application exited normally.");
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Critical("Startup", "Application terminated during startup.", ex);
+            throw;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            App.CurrentSingleInstanceService = null;
+        }
+    }

    // Avalonia configuration, don't remove; also used by visual designer.
-    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp()
-        => AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
+    public static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp(string renderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default)
+    {
+        var builder = AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
            .UsePlatformDetect()
            .UseDesktopWebView()
            .WithInterFont()
            .LogToTrace();
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            var configuredModes = AppRenderingModeHelper.GetWin32RenderingModes(renderMode);
+            if (configuredModes is { Length: > 0 })
+            {
+                builder = builder.With(new Win32PlatformOptions
+                {
+                    RenderingMode = configuredModes
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    private static SingleInstanceService AcquireSingleInstance(int? restartParentProcessId)
+    {
+        var singleInstance = SingleInstanceService.CreateDefault();
+        if (singleInstance.IsPrimaryInstance || restartParentProcessId is null)
+        {
+            return singleInstance;
+        }
+
+        AppLogger.Info(
+            "Startup",
+            $"Restart relaunch detected. Waiting for previous instance pid={restartParentProcessId.Value} to exit before re-acquiring the single-instance lock.");
+        singleInstance.Dispose();
+
+        var deadline = DateTime.UtcNow + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(12);
+        WaitForRestartParentExit(restartParentProcessId.Value, deadline);
+
+        while (DateTime.UtcNow < deadline)
+        {
+            var retryInstance = SingleInstanceService.CreateDefault();
+            if (retryInstance.IsPrimaryInstance)
+            {
+                AppLogger.Info("Startup", "Restart relaunch acquired the single-instance lock.");
+                return retryInstance;
+            }
+
+            retryInstance.Dispose();
+            Thread.Sleep(150);
+        }
+
+        AppLogger.Warn(
+            "Startup",
+            $"Restart relaunch timed out while waiting for the single-instance lock. pid={restartParentProcessId.Value}.");
+        return SingleInstanceService.CreateDefault();
+    }
+
+    private static string LoadConfiguredRenderMode()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Normalize(new AppSettingsService().Load().AppRenderMode);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("Startup", "Failed to load configured render mode. Falling back to default.", ex);
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void WaitForRestartParentExit(int processId, DateTime deadlineUtc)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            using var process = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
+            var remaining = deadlineUtc - DateTime.UtcNow;
+            if (remaining > TimeSpan.Zero)
+            {
+                process.WaitForExit((int)Math.Ceiling(remaining.TotalMilliseconds));
+            }
+        }
+        catch (ArgumentException)
+        {
+            // The previous process already exited before we started waiting.
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("Startup", $"Failed while waiting for restart parent pid={processId} to exit.", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void RegisterGlobalExceptionLogging()
+    {
+        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += (_, eventArgs) =>
+        {
+            AppLogger.Critical(
+                "UnhandledException",
+                $"Unhandled exception. IsTerminating={eventArgs.IsTerminating}",
+                eventArgs.ExceptionObject as Exception);
+        };
+
+        TaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException += (_, eventArgs) =>
+        {
+            AppLogger.Error("TaskScheduler", "Unobserved task exception.", eventArgs.Exception);
+            eventArgs.SetObserved();
+        };
+    }
 }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("LanMountainDesktop.Tests")]
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppLogger.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppLogger.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppLogger
+{
+    private static readonly object SyncRoot = new();
+    private static bool _initialized;
+    private static string _logDirectory = string.Empty;
+    private static string _logFilePath = string.Empty;
+
+    public static string LogDirectory
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            EnsureInitialized();
+            return _logDirectory;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static string LogFilePath
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            EnsureInitialized();
+            return _logFilePath;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void Initialize()
+    {
+        lock (SyncRoot)
+        {
+            if (_initialized)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var preferredDirectory = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "log");
+            var fallbackDirectory = Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
+                "LanMountainDesktop",
+                "log");
+
+            var preferredReady = TryPrepareDirectory(preferredDirectory, out var preferredError);
+            var fallbackReady = false;
+            string? fallbackError = null;
+
+            if (preferredReady)
+            {
+                _logDirectory = preferredDirectory;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                fallbackReady = TryPrepareDirectory(fallbackDirectory, out fallbackError);
+                _logDirectory = fallbackReady ? fallbackDirectory : preferredDirectory;
+            }
+
+            _logFilePath = Path.Combine(_logDirectory, $"app-{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd}.log");
+            _initialized = true;
+
+            WriteCore(
+                "INFO",
+                "Logger",
+                $"Initialized. Directory={_logDirectory}; File={_logFilePath}; PreferredDirectory={preferredDirectory}");
+
+            if (!preferredReady && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(preferredError))
+            {
+                WriteCore(
+                    "WARN",
+                    "Logger",
+                    $"Failed to use program log directory '{preferredDirectory}'. Falling back to '{_logDirectory}'. Reason: {preferredError}");
+            }
+
+            if (!preferredReady && !fallbackReady && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fallbackError))
+            {
+                Trace.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LanMountainDesktop][Logger][ERROR] Failed to initialize fallback log directory '{fallbackDirectory}': {fallbackError}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void Info(string category, string message)
+    {
+        Write("INFO", category, message, null);
+    }
+
+    public static void Warn(string category, string message, Exception? exception = null)
+    {
+        Write("WARN", category, message, exception);
+    }
+
+    public static void Error(string category, string message, Exception? exception = null)
+    {
+        Write("ERROR", category, message, exception);
+    }
+
+    public static void Critical(string category, string message, Exception? exception = null)
+    {
+        Write("CRITICAL", category, message, exception);
+    }
+
+    private static void Write(string level, string category, string message, Exception? exception)
+    {
+        EnsureInitialized();
+
+        var payload = exception is null
+            ? message
+            : $"{message}{Environment.NewLine}{exception}";
+        WriteCore(level, category, payload);
+    }
+
+    private static void EnsureInitialized()
+    {
+        if (_initialized)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Initialize();
+    }
+
+    private static void WriteCore(string level, string category, string message)
+    {
+        var timestamp = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff");
+        var line = $"[{timestamp}] [{level}] [{category}] {message}";
+
+        lock (SyncRoot)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(_logFilePath);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(directory))
+                {
+                    Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+                }
+
+                File.AppendAllText(_logFilePath, line + Environment.NewLine, Encoding.UTF8);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                Trace.WriteLine($"[LanMountainDesktop][Logger][ERROR] {ex}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        Trace.WriteLine(line);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryPrepareDirectory(string directory, out string? error)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+            var probePath = Path.Combine(directory, $".probe-{Guid.NewGuid():N}.tmp");
+            File.WriteAllText(probePath, "probe");
+            File.Delete(probePath);
+            error = null;
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            error = ex.Message;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderBackendDiagnostics.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public readonly record struct AppRenderBackendInfo(
+    string ActualBackend,
+    string? ImplementationTypeName);
+
+public static class AppRenderBackendDiagnostics
+{
+    public const string Unknown = "Unknown";
+
+    public static AppRenderBackendInfo Detect()
+    {
+        var platformGraphics = GetPlatformGraphics();
+        var implementationTypeName = platformGraphics?.GetType().FullName;
+        var actualBackend = DetectBackendFromImplementationType(implementationTypeName, platformGraphics is null);
+
+        return new AppRenderBackendInfo(actualBackend, implementationTypeName);
+    }
+
+    private static object? GetPlatformGraphics()
+    {
+        var currentResolver = typeof(AvaloniaLocator)
+            .GetProperty("Current", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static)
+            ?.GetValue(null);
+
+        var getServiceMethod = currentResolver?
+            .GetType()
+            .GetMethod(
+                "GetService",
+                BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance,
+                binder: null,
+                types: [typeof(Type)],
+                modifiers: null);
+
+        return getServiceMethod?.Invoke(currentResolver, [typeof(IPlatformGraphics)]);
+    }
+
+    private static string DetectBackendFromImplementationType(string? implementationTypeName, bool isSoftwareFallback)
+    {
+        if (isSoftwareFallback)
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Software;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(implementationTypeName))
+        {
+            return Unknown;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Vulkan", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Vulkan;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Wgl", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.Wgl;
+        }
+
+        if (implementationTypeName.Contains("Angle", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+            implementationTypeName.Contains("Egl", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return AppRenderingModeHelper.AngleEgl;
+        }
+
+        return Unknown;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderingModeHelper.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRenderingModeHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using Avalonia;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppRenderingModeHelper
+{
+    public const string Default = "Default";
+    public const string Software = "Software";
+    public const string AngleEgl = "AngleEgl";
+    public const string Wgl = "Wgl";
+    public const string Vulkan = "Vulkan";
+
+    public static string Normalize(string? value)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
+        {
+            return Default;
+        }
+
+        return value.Trim().ToUpperInvariant() switch
+        {
+            "SOFTWARE" => Software,
+            "ANGLEEGL" => AngleEgl,
+            "ANGLE_EGL" => AngleEgl,
+            "WGL" => Wgl,
+            "VULKAN" => Vulkan,
+            _ => Default
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static Win32RenderingMode[]? GetWin32RenderingModes(string? value)
+    {
+        return Normalize(value) switch
+        {
+            Software => [Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            AngleEgl => [Win32RenderingMode.AngleEgl, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            Wgl => [Win32RenderingMode.Wgl, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            Vulkan => [Win32RenderingMode.Vulkan, Win32RenderingMode.Software],
+            _ => null
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRestartService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppRestartService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class AppRestartService
+{
+    private const string RestartParentPidArgumentPrefix = "--restart-parent-pid=";
+
+    public static bool TryRestartApplication()
+    {
+        return App.CurrentHostApplicationLifecycle?.TryRestart(new HostApplicationLifecycleRequest(
+            Source: nameof(AppRestartService),
+            Reason: "Legacy restart entry point invoked.")) == true;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TryRestartCurrentProcess()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var startInfo = CreateRestartStartInfo();
+            if (startInfo is null)
+            {
+                Debug.WriteLine("[AppRestart] Failed to resolve restart start info.");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Process.Start(startInfo);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine($"[AppRestart] Failed to restart app: {ex}");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static ProcessStartInfo? CreateRestartStartInfo(
+        string[]? commandLineArgs = null,
+        string? processPath = null,
+        string? entryAssemblyLocation = null)
+    {
+        var args = commandLineArgs ?? Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
+        var resolvedProcessPath = NormalizeExistingPath(processPath ?? Environment.ProcessPath);
+        var resolvedEntryAssemblyPath = NormalizeExistingPath(
+            entryAssemblyLocation ?? Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.Location);
+
+        if (IsDotnetHost(resolvedProcessPath))
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+                resolvedProcessPath!,
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resolvedProcessPath))
+        {
+            return CreateExecutableStartInfo(
+                resolvedProcessPath,
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(resolvedEntryAssemblyPath) &&
+            string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(resolvedEntryAssemblyPath), ".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+                "dotnet",
+                resolvedEntryAssemblyPath,
+                args);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static int? TryGetRestartParentProcessId(IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(commandLineArgs);
+
+        foreach (var argument in commandLineArgs)
+        {
+            if (TryParseRestartParentProcessId(argument, out var processId))
+            {
+                return processId;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static ProcessStartInfo CreateExecutableStartInfo(
+        string executablePath,
+        string? entryAssemblyPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+        {
+            FileName = executablePath,
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = ResolveWorkingDirectory(executablePath, entryAssemblyPath)
+        };
+
+        AppendArguments(startInfo, commandLineArgs);
+        AppendRestartParentProcessArgument(startInfo);
+        return startInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static ProcessStartInfo? CreateDotnetStartInfo(
+        string dotnetHostPath,
+        string? entryAssemblyPath,
+        IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entryAssemblyPath))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+        {
+            FileName = dotnetHostPath,
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            WorkingDirectory = ResolveWorkingDirectory(dotnetHostPath, entryAssemblyPath)
+        };
+
+        startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(entryAssemblyPath);
+        AppendArguments(startInfo, commandLineArgs);
+        AppendRestartParentProcessArgument(startInfo);
+        return startInfo;
+    }
+
+    private static void AppendArguments(ProcessStartInfo startInfo, IReadOnlyList<string> commandLineArgs)
+    {
+        for (var i = 1; i < commandLineArgs.Count; i++)
+        {
+            if (TryParseRestartParentProcessId(commandLineArgs[i], out _))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(commandLineArgs[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void AppendRestartParentProcessArgument(ProcessStartInfo startInfo)
+    {
+        startInfo.ArgumentList.Add($"{RestartParentPidArgumentPrefix}{Environment.ProcessId}");
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryParseRestartParentProcessId(string? argument, out int processId)
+    {
+        processId = 0;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(argument) ||
+            !argument.StartsWith(RestartParentPidArgumentPrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return int.TryParse(
+            argument[RestartParentPidArgumentPrefix.Length..],
+            out processId) && processId > 0;
+    }
+
+    private static string? NormalizeExistingPath(string? path)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var fullPath = Path.GetFullPath(path);
+            return File.Exists(fullPath) ? fullPath : null;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsDotnetHost(string? processPath)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(processPath))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var fileName = Path.GetFileName(processPath);
+        return string.Equals(fileName, "dotnet", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+               string.Equals(fileName, "dotnet.exe", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveWorkingDirectory(string launchPath, string? entryAssemblyPath)
+    {
+        var basePath = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entryAssemblyPath)
+            ? entryAssemblyPath
+            : launchPath;
+
+        return Path.GetDirectoryName(basePath) ?? AppContext.BaseDirectory;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppSettingsService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/AppSettingsService.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;

 public sealed class AppSettingsService
 {
+    public static event Action<string>? SettingsSaved;
+
    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
    {
        WriteIndented = true
@@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsService

    private readonly string _settingsPath;

+    public string InstanceId { get; } = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");
+
    public AppSettingsService()
    {
        var appData = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData);
@@ -59,8 +63,9 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsService
                return loadedSnapshot.Clone();
            }
        }
-        catch
+        catch (Exception ex)
        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("AppSettings", $"Failed to load settings from '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
            return new AppSettingsSnapshot();
        }
    }
@@ -88,10 +93,12 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsService
            {
                UpdateCache(snapshotToPersist, writeTimeUtc, DateTime.UtcNow);
            }
+
+            SettingsSaved?.Invoke(InstanceId);
        }
-        catch
+        catch (Exception ex)
        {
-            // Swallow persistence errors to keep UI interactions uninterrupted.
+            AppLogger.Warn("AppSettings", $"Failed to save settings to '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
        }
    }

@@ -130,8 +137,9 @@ public sealed class AppSettingsService
            var json = File.ReadAllText(_settingsPath);
            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<AppSettingsSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions) ?? new AppSettingsSnapshot();
        }
-        catch
+        catch (Exception ex)
        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("AppSettings", $"Failed to deserialize settings from '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
            return new AppSettingsSnapshot();
        }
    }
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/CalculatorDataService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/CalculatorDataService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public sealed class CalculatorDataService : ICalculatorDataService
+{
+    private const int MaxInputLength = 18;
+
+    public string ApplyInputToken(string currentInput, string token)
+    {
+        var normalized = NormalizeInput(currentInput);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(token))
+        {
+            return normalized;
+        }
+
+        if (string.Equals(token, CalculatorInputTokens.Clear, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return "0";
+        }
+
+        if (string.Equals(token, CalculatorInputTokens.Backspace, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            if (normalized.Length <= 1)
+            {
+                return "0";
+            }
+
+            var trimmed = normalized[..^1];
+            if (trimmed is "-" or "" or "-0")
+            {
+                return "0";
+            }
+
+            return trimmed;
+        }
+
+        if (string.Equals(token, CalculatorInputTokens.DecimalPoint, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            if (normalized.Contains('.', StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                return normalized;
+            }
+
+            if (normalized.Length >= MaxInputLength)
+            {
+                return normalized;
+            }
+
+            return $"{normalized}.";
+        }
+
+        if (token is "00")
+        {
+            if (normalized == "0")
+            {
+                return "0";
+            }
+
+            if (normalized.Length + 2 > MaxInputLength)
+            {
+                return normalized;
+            }
+
+            return normalized + "00";
+        }
+
+        if (token.Length == 1 && char.IsDigit(token[0]))
+        {
+            if (normalized == "0")
+            {
+                return token;
+            }
+
+            if (normalized.Length >= MaxInputLength)
+            {
+                return normalized;
+            }
+
+            return normalized + token;
+        }
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    public decimal ParseAmountOrZero(string? inputText)
+    {
+        var normalized = NormalizeInput(inputText);
+        if (decimal.TryParse(
+            normalized,
+            NumberStyles.AllowLeadingSign | NumberStyles.AllowDecimalPoint,
+            CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
+            out var amount))
+        {
+            return amount;
+        }
+
+        return 0m;
+    }
+
+    public string FormatAmount(decimal amount, int maxFractionDigits = 4)
+    {
+        var safeDigits = Math.Clamp(maxFractionDigits, 0, 8);
+        var pattern = safeDigits == 0 ? "0" : $"0.{new string('#', safeDigits)}";
+        return amount.ToString(pattern, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+    }
+
+    private static string NormalizeInput(string? input)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(input))
+        {
+            return "0";
+        }
+
+        var trimmed = input.Trim();
+        return trimmed switch
+        {
+            "-" or "-0" => "0",
+            _ => trimmed
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/ClassIslandScheduleDataService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/ClassIslandScheduleDataService.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using System;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public sealed class ClassIslandScheduleDataService : IClassIslandScheduleDataSer
    };

    private static readonly IDeserializer CsesDeserializer = new DeserializerBuilder()
-        .WithNamingConvention(CamelCaseNamingConvention.Instance)
+        .WithNamingConvention(UnderscoredNamingConvention.Instance)
        .IgnoreUnmatchedProperties()
        .Build();

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public sealed class ClassIslandScheduleDataService : IClassIslandScheduleDataSer
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(inputPath))
            {
-                inputPath = ResolveImportedSchedulePathFromAppSettings();
+                inputPath = ResolveImportedSchedulePathFromComponentSettings();
            }

            var source = ResolveSource(inputPath, profileFileName, warnings);
@@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ public sealed class ClassIslandScheduleDataService : IClassIslandScheduleDataSer
        return result;
    }

-    private static string? ResolveImportedSchedulePathFromAppSettings()
+    private static string? ResolveImportedSchedulePathFromComponentSettings()
    {
        try
        {
-            var snapshot = new AppSettingsService().Load();
+            var snapshot = new ComponentSettingsService().Load();
            if (snapshot.ImportedClassSchedules.Count == 0)
            {
                return null;
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/ComponentSettingsService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/ComponentSettingsService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,886 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public sealed class ComponentSettingsService : IComponentInstanceSettingsStore
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
+    {
+        PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true,
+        PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase,
+        WriteIndented = true
+    };
+
+    private static readonly object CacheGate = new();
+    private static readonly TimeSpan CacheProbeInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(400);
+
+    private static string? _cachedPath;
+    private static ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot? _cachedSnapshot;
+    private static DateTime _cachedWriteTimeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+    private static DateTime _lastProbeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+
+    private readonly string _settingsPath;
+    private readonly string _legacyAppSettingsPath;
+    private string _scopedComponentId = string.Empty;
+    private string _scopedPlacementId = string.Empty;
+
+    public ComponentSettingsService()
+        : this(Path.Combine(
+            Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
+            "LanMountainDesktop"))
+    {
+    }
+
+    internal ComponentSettingsService(string settingsDirectory)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(settingsDirectory))
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException("Settings directory cannot be null or whitespace.", nameof(settingsDirectory));
+        }
+
+        _settingsPath = Path.Combine(settingsDirectory, "component-settings.json");
+        _legacyAppSettingsPath = Path.Combine(settingsDirectory, "settings.json");
+    }
+
+    public ComponentSettingsSnapshot Load()
+    {
+        if (HasScopedComponentContext())
+        {
+            return LoadForComponent(_scopedComponentId, _scopedPlacementId);
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                return document.DefaultSettings.Clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("ComponentSettings", $"Failed to load component settings from '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
+            return new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Save(ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (HasScopedComponentContext())
+        {
+            SaveForComponent(_scopedComponentId, _scopedPlacementId, snapshot);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var snapshotToPersist = NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                document.DefaultSettings = snapshotToPersist;
+                PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("ComponentSettings", $"Failed to save default component settings to '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ComponentSettingsSnapshot LoadForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey) &&
+                    document.InstanceSettings.TryGetValue(instanceKey, out var snapshot))
+                {
+                    return snapshot.Clone();
+                }
+
+                return document.DefaultSettings.Clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn(
+                "ComponentSettings",
+                $"Failed to load component settings. ComponentId={componentId}; PlacementId={placementId}; Path={_settingsPath}",
+                ex);
+            return new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SaveForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId, ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var normalizedSnapshot = NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+        var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey))
+        {
+            Save(normalizedSnapshot);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                document.InstanceSettings[instanceKey] = normalizedSnapshot;
+                PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn(
+                "ComponentSettings",
+                $"Failed to save component settings. ComponentId={componentId}; PlacementId={placementId}; Path={_settingsPath}",
+                ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void DeleteForComponent(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                var changed = document.InstanceSettings.Remove(instanceKey);
+                changed |= document.PluginSettings.Remove(instanceKey);
+                if (changed)
+                {
+                    PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn(
+                "ComponentSettings",
+                $"Failed to delete component settings. ComponentId={componentId}; PlacementId={placementId}; Path={_settingsPath}",
+                ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public T LoadPluginSettings<T>(string componentId, string? placementId) where T : new()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey) ||
+                    !document.PluginSettings.TryGetValue(instanceKey, out var settingsElement))
+                {
+                    return new T();
+                }
+
+                return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(settingsElement.GetRawText(), SerializerOptions) ?? new T();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn(
+                "ComponentSettings",
+                $"Failed to load plugin settings. ComponentId={componentId}; PlacementId={placementId}; Path={_settingsPath}",
+                ex);
+            return new T();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SavePluginSettings<T>(string componentId, string? placementId, T settings)
+    {
+        var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                document.PluginSettings[instanceKey] = JsonSerializer.SerializeToElement(settings, SerializerOptions).Clone();
+                PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn(
+                "ComponentSettings",
+                $"Failed to save plugin settings. ComponentId={componentId}; PlacementId={placementId}; Path={_settingsPath}",
+                ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void DeletePluginSettings(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        var instanceKey = BuildInstanceKey(componentId, placementId);
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(instanceKey))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var document = LoadDocumentLocked();
+                if (document.PluginSettings.Remove(instanceKey))
+                {
+                    PersistDocumentLocked(document);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn(
+                "ComponentSettings",
+                $"Failed to delete plugin settings. ComponentId={componentId}; PlacementId={placementId}; Path={_settingsPath}",
+                ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void SetScopedComponentContext(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        _scopedComponentId = componentId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        _scopedPlacementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    public void ClearScopedComponentContext()
+    {
+        _scopedComponentId = string.Empty;
+        _scopedPlacementId = string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    public static void ApplyScopedContextToTarget(object? target, string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        if (target is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic;
+        foreach (var field in target.GetType().GetFields(flags))
+        {
+            if (field.FieldType != typeof(ComponentSettingsService))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (field.GetValue(target) is ComponentSettingsService settingsService)
+            {
+                settingsService.SetScopedComponentContext(componentId, placementId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach (var property in target.GetType().GetProperties(flags))
+        {
+            if (property.PropertyType != typeof(ComponentSettingsService) ||
+                !property.CanRead)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (property.GetValue(target) is ComponentSettingsService settingsService)
+            {
+                settingsService.SetScopedComponentContext(componentId, placementId);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(DateTime nowUtc, out ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
+            nowUtc - _lastProbeUtc < CacheProbeInterval)
+        {
+            snapshot = _cachedSnapshot.Clone();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        snapshot = null!;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedAfterProbe(DateTime writeTimeUtc, out ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
+            writeTimeUtc == _cachedWriteTimeUtc)
+        {
+            snapshot = _cachedSnapshot.Clone();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        snapshot = null!;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot LoadDocumentLocked()
+    {
+        var nowUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
+        if (TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(nowUtc, out var cached))
+        {
+            return cached;
+        }
+
+        var hasFile = File.Exists(_settingsPath);
+        var writeTimeUtc = hasFile
+            ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+            : DateTime.MinValue;
+
+        _lastProbeUtc = nowUtc;
+        if (TryGetCachedAfterProbe(writeTimeUtc, out cached))
+        {
+            return cached;
+        }
+
+        ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot loadedSnapshot;
+        var loadDetails = ComponentSettingsLoadDetails.Empty;
+        if (hasFile)
+        {
+            loadDetails = LoadSnapshotFromDisk();
+            loadedSnapshot = loadDetails.Snapshot;
+        }
+        else if (TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out var migratedSnapshot))
+        {
+            loadedSnapshot = new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot
+            {
+                DefaultSettings = NormalizeSnapshot(migratedSnapshot)
+            };
+            loadDetails = new ComponentSettingsLoadDetails(
+                loadedSnapshot,
+                ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat.LegacySnapshot,
+                true);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            loadedSnapshot = new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot();
+        }
+
+        var normalizedSnapshot = NormalizeDocument(loadedSnapshot);
+        if (loadDetails.ShouldRewriteToCanonical)
+        {
+            writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(normalizedSnapshot);
+        }
+
+        LogLoadDetails(loadDetails.Format, loadDetails.ShouldRewriteToCanonical, normalizedSnapshot);
+        UpdateCache(normalizedSnapshot, writeTimeUtc, nowUtc);
+        return normalizedSnapshot.Clone();
+    }
+
+    private ComponentSettingsLoadDetails LoadSnapshotFromDisk()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var json = File.ReadAllText(_settingsPath);
+            using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(json);
+            if (TryGetDocumentFormat(document.RootElement, out var format))
+            {
+                var snapshot = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions);
+                return new ComponentSettingsLoadDetails(
+                    snapshot ?? new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot(),
+                    format,
+                    format == ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat.PascalCaseDocument);
+            }
+
+            var legacySnapshot = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ComponentSettingsSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions);
+            return new ComponentSettingsLoadDetails(
+                new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot
+                {
+                    DefaultSettings = NormalizeSnapshot(legacySnapshot)
+                },
+                ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat.LegacySnapshot,
+                true);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("ComponentSettings", $"Failed to deserialize component settings from '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
+            return ComponentSettingsLoadDetails.Empty;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out ComponentSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        snapshot = new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
+        try
+        {
+            if (!File.Exists(_legacyAppSettingsPath))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var legacyJson = File.ReadAllText(_legacyAppSettingsPath);
+            var legacy = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LegacyComponentSettingsSnapshot>(legacyJson, SerializerOptions);
+            if (legacy is null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            snapshot = new ComponentSettingsSnapshot
+            {
+                DailyArtworkMirrorSource = legacy.DailyArtworkMirrorSource,
+                ImportedClassSchedules = legacy.ImportedClassSchedules ?? [],
+                ActiveImportedClassScheduleId = legacy.ActiveImportedClassScheduleId ?? string.Empty,
+                StudyEnvironmentShowDisplayDb = legacy.StudyEnvironmentShowDisplayDb,
+                StudyEnvironmentShowDbfs = legacy.StudyEnvironmentShowDbfs,
+                DesktopClockTimeZoneId = legacy.DesktopClockTimeZoneId,
+                DesktopClockSecondHandMode = legacy.DesktopClockSecondHandMode,
+                WorldClockTimeZoneIds = legacy.WorldClockTimeZoneIds ?? [],
+                WorldClockSecondHandMode = legacy.WorldClockSecondHandMode,
+                CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateEnabled = legacy.CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateEnabled,
+                CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateIntervalMinutes = legacy.CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateIntervalMinutes,
+                IfengNewsAutoRefreshEnabled = legacy.IfengNewsAutoRefreshEnabled,
+                IfengNewsAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = legacy.IfengNewsAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes,
+                IfengNewsChannelType = legacy.IfengNewsChannelType,
+                DailyWordAutoRefreshEnabled = legacy.DailyWordAutoRefreshEnabled,
+                DailyWordAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = legacy.DailyWordAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes,
+                BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshEnabled = legacy.BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshEnabled,
+                BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = legacy.BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes,
+                BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshEnabled = legacy.BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshEnabled,
+                BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = legacy.BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes,
+                BaiduHotSearchSourceType = legacy.BaiduHotSearchSourceType,
+                WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled = legacy.WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled,
+                WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = legacy.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes,
+                Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshEnabled = legacy.Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshEnabled,
+                Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = legacy.Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes,
+                Stcn24ForumSourceType = legacy.Stcn24ForumSourceType
+            };
+
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("ComponentSettings", $"Failed to migrate legacy component settings from '{_legacyAppSettingsPath}'.", ex);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PersistDocumentLocked(ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(snapshot);
+        UpdateCache(snapshot, writeTimeUtc, DateTime.UtcNow);
+    }
+
+    private DateTime PersistSnapshotToDisk(ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(_settingsPath);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(directory))
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+        }
+
+        var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(snapshot, SerializerOptions);
+        File.WriteAllText(_settingsPath, json);
+
+        return File.Exists(_settingsPath)
+            ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+            : DateTime.UtcNow;
+    }
+
+    private static ComponentSettingsSnapshot NormalizeSnapshot(ComponentSettingsSnapshot? snapshot)
+    {
+        var normalized = snapshot?.Clone() ?? new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
+
+        normalized.DailyArtworkMirrorSource = DailyArtworkMirrorSources.Normalize(normalized.DailyArtworkMirrorSource);
+        normalized.ImportedClassSchedules = NormalizeImportedSchedules(normalized.ImportedClassSchedules);
+        normalized.ActiveImportedClassScheduleId = NormalizeActiveScheduleId(
+            normalized.ActiveImportedClassScheduleId,
+            normalized.ImportedClassSchedules);
+
+        if (!normalized.StudyEnvironmentShowDisplayDb && !normalized.StudyEnvironmentShowDbfs)
+        {
+            normalized.StudyEnvironmentShowDisplayDb = true;
+        }
+
+        normalized.DesktopClockTimeZoneId = NormalizeDesktopClockTimeZoneId(normalized.DesktopClockTimeZoneId);
+        normalized.DesktopClockSecondHandMode = ClockSecondHandMode.Normalize(normalized.DesktopClockSecondHandMode);
+        normalized.WorldClockTimeZoneIds = WorldClockTimeZoneCatalog
+            .NormalizeTimeZoneIds(normalized.WorldClockTimeZoneIds)
+            .ToList();
+        normalized.WorldClockSecondHandMode = ClockSecondHandMode.Normalize(normalized.WorldClockSecondHandMode);
+        normalized.CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateIntervalMinutes = NormalizeCnrInterval(normalized.CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateIntervalMinutes);
+        normalized.IfengNewsAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = NormalizeIfengNewsInterval(normalized.IfengNewsAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
+        normalized.IfengNewsChannelType = IfengNewsChannelTypes.Normalize(normalized.IfengNewsChannelType);
+        normalized.DailyWordAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = NormalizeDailyWordInterval(normalized.DailyWordAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
+        normalized.BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = NormalizeBilibiliHotSearchInterval(
+            normalized.BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
+        normalized.BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = NormalizeBaiduHotSearchInterval(
+            normalized.BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
+        normalized.BaiduHotSearchSourceType = BaiduHotSearchSourceTypes.Normalize(normalized.BaiduHotSearchSourceType);
+        normalized.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = NormalizeWeatherInterval(normalized.WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
+        normalized.Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes = NormalizeStcn24ForumInterval(normalized.Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes);
+        normalized.Stcn24ForumSourceType = Stcn24ForumSourceTypes.Normalize(normalized.Stcn24ForumSourceType);
+
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot NormalizeDocument(ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot? snapshot)
+    {
+        var normalized = snapshot?.Clone() ?? new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot();
+        normalized.DefaultSettings = NormalizeSnapshot(normalized.DefaultSettings);
+
+        var instanceSettings = new Dictionary<string, ComponentSettingsSnapshot>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        foreach (var pair in normalized.InstanceSettings)
+        {
+            var key = NormalizeInstanceKey(pair.Key);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            instanceSettings[key] = NormalizeSnapshot(pair.Value);
+        }
+
+        var pluginSettings = new Dictionary<string, JsonElement>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        foreach (var pair in normalized.PluginSettings)
+        {
+            var key = NormalizeInstanceKey(pair.Key);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            pluginSettings[key] = pair.Value.Clone();
+        }
+
+        normalized.InstanceSettings = instanceSettings;
+        normalized.PluginSettings = pluginSettings;
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private static List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot> NormalizeImportedSchedules(
+        IReadOnlyList<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot>? schedules)
+    {
+        if (schedules is null || schedules.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        var result = new List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot>(schedules.Count);
+        var seenIds = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        foreach (var schedule in schedules)
+        {
+            if (schedule is null)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var id = schedule.Id?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+            var filePath = schedule.FilePath?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(id) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(filePath))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!seenIds.Add(id))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            result.Add(new ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot
+            {
+                Id = id,
+                DisplayName = schedule.DisplayName?.Trim() ?? string.Empty,
+                FilePath = filePath
+            });
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static string NormalizeActiveScheduleId(
+        string? activeScheduleId,
+        IReadOnlyList<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot> schedules)
+    {
+        var activeId = activeScheduleId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        if (schedules.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(activeId))
+        {
+            return schedules[0].Id;
+        }
+
+        return schedules.Any(item => string.Equals(item.Id, activeId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            ? activeId
+            : schedules[0].Id;
+    }
+
+    private static string NormalizeDesktopClockTimeZoneId(string? timeZoneId)
+    {
+        var normalizedId = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(timeZoneId)
+            ? "China Standard Time"
+            : timeZoneId.Trim();
+        return WorldClockTimeZoneCatalog.ResolveTimeZoneOrLocal(normalizedId).Id;
+    }
+
+    private static int NormalizeCnrInterval(int minutes)
+    {
+        return RefreshIntervalCatalog.Normalize(minutes, 60);
+    }
+
+    private static int NormalizeDailyWordInterval(int minutes)
+    {
+        return RefreshIntervalCatalog.Normalize(minutes, 360);
+    }
+
+    private static int NormalizeIfengNewsInterval(int minutes)
+    {
+        return RefreshIntervalCatalog.Normalize(minutes, 20);
+    }
+
+    private static int NormalizeBilibiliHotSearchInterval(int minutes)
+    {
+        return RefreshIntervalCatalog.Normalize(minutes, 15);
+    }
+
+    private static int NormalizeBaiduHotSearchInterval(int minutes)
+    {
+        return RefreshIntervalCatalog.Normalize(minutes, 15);
+    }
+
+    private static int NormalizeWeatherInterval(int minutes)
+    {
+        return RefreshIntervalCatalog.Normalize(minutes, 12);
+    }
+
+    private static int NormalizeStcn24ForumInterval(int minutes)
+    {
+        return RefreshIntervalCatalog.Normalize(minutes, 20);
+    }
+
+    private static string BuildInstanceKey(string componentId, string? placementId)
+    {
+        var normalizedComponentId = componentId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        var normalizedPlacementId = placementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(normalizedComponentId) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(normalizedPlacementId))
+        {
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+
+        return $"{normalizedComponentId}::{normalizedPlacementId}";
+    }
+
+    private static string NormalizeInstanceKey(string? key)
+    {
+        return key?.Trim() ?? string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    private bool HasScopedComponentContext()
+    {
+        return !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_scopedComponentId) &&
+               !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_scopedPlacementId);
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateCache(ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot, DateTime writeTimeUtc, DateTime probeTimeUtc)
+    {
+        _cachedPath = _settingsPath;
+        _cachedSnapshot = snapshot.Clone();
+        _cachedWriteTimeUtc = writeTimeUtc;
+        _lastProbeUtc = probeTimeUtc;
+    }
+
+    internal static void ResetCacheForTests()
+    {
+        lock (CacheGate)
+        {
+            _cachedPath = null;
+            _cachedSnapshot = null;
+            _cachedWriteTimeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+            _lastProbeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void LogLoadDetails(
+        ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat format,
+        bool rewroteToCanonical,
+        ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        AppLogger.Info(
+            "ComponentSettings",
+            $"Loaded component settings document. Format={format}; RewroteToCanonical={rewroteToCanonical}; " +
+            $"InstanceSettings={snapshot.InstanceSettings.Count}; PluginSettings={snapshot.PluginSettings.Count}; Path={_settingsPath}");
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryGetDocumentFormat(
+        JsonElement rootElement,
+        out ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat format)
+    {
+        format = ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat.EmptyDocument;
+        if (rootElement.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.Object)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var hasDocumentProperties = false;
+        var requiresCanonicalRewrite = false;
+        foreach (var property in rootElement.EnumerateObject())
+        {
+            if (!IsDocumentPropertyName(property.Name))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            hasDocumentProperties = true;
+            if (!IsCanonicalDocumentPropertyName(property.Name))
+            {
+                requiresCanonicalRewrite = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!hasDocumentProperties)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        format = requiresCanonicalRewrite
+            ? ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat.PascalCaseDocument
+            : ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat.CanonicalDocument;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsDocumentPropertyName(string propertyName)
+    {
+        return string.Equals(propertyName, "defaultSettings", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+               string.Equals(propertyName, "instanceSettings", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
+               string.Equals(propertyName, "pluginSettings", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsCanonicalDocumentPropertyName(string propertyName)
+    {
+        return string.Equals(propertyName, "defaultSettings", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+               string.Equals(propertyName, "instanceSettings", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
+               string.Equals(propertyName, "pluginSettings", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot
+    {
+        public ComponentSettingsSnapshot DefaultSettings { get; set; } = new();
+
+        public Dictionary<string, ComponentSettingsSnapshot> InstanceSettings { get; set; } =
+            new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        public Dictionary<string, JsonElement> PluginSettings { get; set; } =
+            new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        public ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot
+            {
+                DefaultSettings = DefaultSettings?.Clone() ?? new ComponentSettingsSnapshot(),
+                InstanceSettings = new Dictionary<string, ComponentSettingsSnapshot>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase),
+                PluginSettings = new Dictionary<string, JsonElement>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            };
+
+            foreach (var pair in InstanceSettings)
+            {
+                clone.InstanceSettings[pair.Key] = pair.Value?.Clone() ?? new ComponentSettingsSnapshot();
+            }
+
+            foreach (var pair in PluginSettings)
+            {
+                clone.PluginSettings[pair.Key] = pair.Value.Clone();
+            }
+
+            return clone;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private sealed class LegacyComponentSettingsSnapshot
+    {
+        public string DailyArtworkMirrorSource { get; set; } = DailyArtworkMirrorSources.Overseas;
+
+        public List<ImportedClassScheduleSnapshot>? ImportedClassSchedules { get; set; }
+
+        public string? ActiveImportedClassScheduleId { get; set; }
+
+        public bool StudyEnvironmentShowDisplayDb { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public bool StudyEnvironmentShowDbfs { get; set; }
+
+        public string DesktopClockTimeZoneId { get; set; } = "China Standard Time";
+
+        public string DesktopClockSecondHandMode { get; set; } = "Tick";
+
+        public List<string>? WorldClockTimeZoneIds { get; set; }
+
+        public string WorldClockSecondHandMode { get; set; } = "Tick";
+
+        public bool CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public int CnrDailyNewsAutoRotateIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 60;
+
+        public bool IfengNewsAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public int IfengNewsAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 20;
+
+        public string IfengNewsChannelType { get; set; } = IfengNewsChannelTypes.Comprehensive;
+
+        public bool DailyWordAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public int DailyWordAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 360;
+
+        public bool BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public int BilibiliHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 15;
+
+        public bool BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public int BaiduHotSearchAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 15;
+
+        public string BaiduHotSearchSourceType { get; set; } = BaiduHotSearchSourceTypes.Official;
+
+        public bool WeatherAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public int WeatherAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 12;
+
+        public bool Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshEnabled { get; set; } = true;
+
+        public int Stcn24ForumAutoRefreshIntervalMinutes { get; set; } = 20;
+
+        public string Stcn24ForumSourceType { get; set; } = Stcn24ForumSourceTypes.LatestCreated;
+    }
+
+    private readonly record struct ComponentSettingsLoadDetails(
+        ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot Snapshot,
+        ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat Format,
+        bool ShouldRewriteToCanonical)
+    {
+        public static ComponentSettingsLoadDetails Empty { get; } = new(
+            new ComponentSettingsDocumentSnapshot(),
+            ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat.EmptyDocument,
+            false);
+    }
+
+    private enum ComponentSettingsDocumentFormat
+    {
+        EmptyDocument,
+        CanonicalDocument,
+        PascalCaseDocument,
+        LegacySnapshot
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopComponentRegistryFactory.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem;
+using LanMountainDesktop.ComponentSystem.Extensions;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Views.Components;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public static class DesktopComponentRegistryFactory
+{
+    public static ComponentRegistry Create(PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var registry = ComponentRegistry
+            .CreateDefault()
+            .RegisterExtensions(
+                JsonComponentExtensionProvider.LoadProvidersFromDirectory(
+                    Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "Extensions", "Components")));
+
+        var pluginDefinitions = GetPluginDefinitions(registry, pluginRuntimeService);
+        return pluginDefinitions.Count == 0
+            ? registry
+            : registry.RegisterComponents(pluginDefinitions);
+    }
+
+    public static DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry CreateRuntimeRegistry(
+        ComponentRegistry componentRegistry,
+        PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var registrations = DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry.GetDefaultRegistrations().ToList();
+        var registeredIds = new HashSet<string>(
+            registrations.Select(registration => registration.ComponentId),
+            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        if (pluginRuntimeService is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (var contribution in pluginRuntimeService.DesktopComponents)
+            {
+                var registration = contribution.Registration;
+                if (!componentRegistry.TryGetDefinition(registration.ComponentId, out _))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!registeredIds.Add(registration.ComponentId))
+                {
+                    Debug.WriteLine(
+                        $"[PluginRuntime] Skipped plugin widget '{registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}' because a runtime registration already exists.");
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                registrations.Add(new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistration(
+                    registration.ComponentId,
+                    registration.DisplayNameLocalizationKey,
+                    factoryContext => CreatePluginControl(contribution, factoryContext),
+                    registration.CornerRadiusResolver));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new DesktopComponentRuntimeRegistry(componentRegistry, registrations);
+    }
+
+    private static List<DesktopComponentDefinition> GetPluginDefinitions(
+        ComponentRegistry baseRegistry,
+        PluginRuntimeService? pluginRuntimeService)
+    {
+        var definitions = new List<DesktopComponentDefinition>();
+        if (pluginRuntimeService is null)
+        {
+            return definitions;
+        }
+
+        var knownIds = new HashSet<string>(
+            baseRegistry.GetAll().Select(definition => definition.Id),
+            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+        foreach (var contribution in pluginRuntimeService.DesktopComponents)
+        {
+            var registration = contribution.Registration;
+            if (!knownIds.Add(registration.ComponentId))
+            {
+                Debug.WriteLine(
+                    $"[PluginRuntime] Skipped plugin widget '{registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}' because the component id already exists.");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            definitions.Add(new DesktopComponentDefinition(
+                registration.ComponentId,
+                registration.DisplayName,
+                registration.IconKey,
+                registration.Category,
+                registration.MinWidthCells,
+                registration.MinHeightCells,
+                registration.AllowStatusBarPlacement,
+                registration.AllowDesktopPlacement,
+                registration.ResizeMode == PluginDesktopComponentResizeMode.Free
+                    ? DesktopComponentResizeMode.Free
+                    : DesktopComponentResizeMode.Proportional));
+        }
+
+        return definitions;
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreatePluginControl(
+        PluginDesktopComponentContribution contribution,
+        DesktopComponentControlFactoryContext context)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var pluginContext = new PluginDesktopComponentContext(
+                contribution.Plugin.Manifest,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.PluginDirectory,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.DataDirectory,
+                contribution.Plugin.Services,
+                contribution.Plugin.Context.Properties,
+                contribution.Registration.ComponentId,
+                context.PlacementId,
+                context.CellSize);
+
+            return contribution.Registration.ControlFactory(contribution.Plugin.Services, pluginContext);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Debug.WriteLine(
+                $"[PluginRuntime] Failed to create widget '{contribution.Registration.ComponentId}' from '{contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Id}': {ex}");
+            return CreatePluginErrorControl(contribution, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Control CreatePluginErrorControl(
+        PluginDesktopComponentContribution contribution,
+        Exception exception)
+    {
+        return new Border
+        {
+            Background = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#332B0F16")),
+            BorderBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Color.Parse("#66F97316")),
+            BorderThickness = new Thickness(1),
+            CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(16),
+            Padding = new Thickness(12),
+            Child = new StackPanel
+            {
+                Spacing = 6,
+                Children =
+                {
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = contribution.Registration.DisplayName,
+                        FontSize = 14,
+                        FontWeight = FontWeight.SemiBold,
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = $"Plugin {contribution.Plugin.Manifest.Name} failed to create this widget.",
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    },
+                    new TextBlock
+                    {
+                        Text = exception.Message,
+                        TextWrapping = TextWrapping.Wrap
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopLayoutSettingsService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/DesktopLayoutSettingsService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using LanMountainDesktop.Models;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public sealed class DesktopLayoutSettingsService
+{
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions SerializerOptions = new()
+    {
+        WriteIndented = true
+    };
+    private static readonly object CacheGate = new();
+    private static readonly TimeSpan CacheProbeInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(400);
+
+    private static string? _cachedPath;
+    private static DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot? _cachedSnapshot;
+    private static DateTime _cachedWriteTimeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+    private static DateTime _lastProbeUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
+
+    private readonly string _settingsPath;
+    private readonly string _legacyAppSettingsPath;
+
+    public DesktopLayoutSettingsService()
+    {
+        var appData = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData);
+        var settingsDirectory = Path.Combine(appData, "LanMountainDesktop");
+        _settingsPath = Path.Combine(settingsDirectory, "desktop-layout-settings.json");
+        _legacyAppSettingsPath = Path.Combine(settingsDirectory, "settings.json");
+    }
+
+    public DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot Load()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                var nowUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
+                if (TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(nowUtc, out var cached))
+                {
+                    return cached;
+                }
+
+                var hasFile = File.Exists(_settingsPath);
+                var writeTimeUtc = hasFile
+                    ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+                    : DateTime.MinValue;
+
+                _lastProbeUtc = nowUtc;
+                if (TryGetCachedAfterProbe(writeTimeUtc, out cached))
+                {
+                    return cached;
+                }
+
+                DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot loadedSnapshot;
+                var loadedFromLegacy = false;
+                if (hasFile)
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = LoadSnapshotFromDisk();
+                }
+                else if (TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out var migratedSnapshot))
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = migratedSnapshot;
+                    loadedFromLegacy = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    loadedSnapshot = new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+                }
+
+                var normalizedSnapshot = NormalizeSnapshot(loadedSnapshot);
+                if (loadedFromLegacy)
+                {
+                    writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(normalizedSnapshot);
+                }
+
+                UpdateCache(normalizedSnapshot, writeTimeUtc, nowUtc);
+                return normalizedSnapshot.Clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("DesktopLayout", $"Failed to load desktop layout settings from '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
+            return new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void Save(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var snapshotToPersist = NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+
+        try
+        {
+            var writeTimeUtc = PersistSnapshotToDisk(snapshotToPersist);
+
+            lock (CacheGate)
+            {
+                UpdateCache(snapshotToPersist, writeTimeUtc, DateTime.UtcNow);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("DesktopLayout", $"Failed to save desktop layout settings to '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedWithoutProbe(DateTime nowUtc, out DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
+            nowUtc - _lastProbeUtc < CacheProbeInterval)
+        {
+            snapshot = _cachedSnapshot.Clone();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        snapshot = null!;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private bool TryGetCachedAfterProbe(DateTime writeTimeUtc, out DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(_cachedPath, _settingsPath, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+            _cachedSnapshot is not null &&
+            writeTimeUtc == _cachedWriteTimeUtc)
+        {
+            snapshot = _cachedSnapshot.Clone();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        snapshot = null!;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot LoadSnapshotFromDisk()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var json = File.ReadAllText(_settingsPath);
+            var snapshot = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot>(json, SerializerOptions);
+            return NormalizeSnapshot(snapshot);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("DesktopLayout", $"Failed to deserialize desktop layout settings from '{_settingsPath}'.", ex);
+            return new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryLoadLegacySnapshot(out DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        snapshot = new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (!File.Exists(_legacyAppSettingsPath))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var legacyJson = File.ReadAllText(_legacyAppSettingsPath);
+            var legacy = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<LegacyDesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot>(legacyJson, SerializerOptions);
+            if (legacy is null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            snapshot = new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot
+            {
+                DesktopPageCount = legacy.DesktopPageCount,
+                CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex = legacy.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex,
+                DesktopComponentPlacements = legacy.DesktopComponentPlacements ?? []
+            };
+
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("DesktopLayout", $"Failed to migrate legacy desktop layout settings from '{_legacyAppSettingsPath}'.", ex);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private DateTime PersistSnapshotToDisk(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot)
+    {
+        var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(_settingsPath);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(directory))
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+        }
+
+        var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(snapshot, SerializerOptions);
+        File.WriteAllText(_settingsPath, json);
+
+        return File.Exists(_settingsPath)
+            ? File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(_settingsPath)
+            : DateTime.UtcNow;
+    }
+
+    private static DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot NormalizeSnapshot(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot? snapshot)
+    {
+        var normalized = snapshot?.Clone() ?? new DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot();
+        normalized.DesktopPageCount = Math.Max(1, normalized.DesktopPageCount);
+        normalized.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex = Math.Max(0, normalized.CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex);
+
+        var placements = new List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot>(normalized.DesktopComponentPlacements?.Count ?? 0);
+        if (normalized.DesktopComponentPlacements is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (var placement in normalized.DesktopComponentPlacements)
+            {
+                if (placement is null)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                placements.Add(new DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot
+                {
+                    PlacementId = placement.PlacementId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty,
+                    PageIndex = Math.Max(0, placement.PageIndex),
+                    ComponentId = placement.ComponentId?.Trim() ?? string.Empty,
+                    Row = Math.Max(0, placement.Row),
+                    Column = Math.Max(0, placement.Column),
+                    WidthCells = Math.Max(1, placement.WidthCells),
+                    HeightCells = Math.Max(1, placement.HeightCells)
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        normalized.DesktopComponentPlacements = placements;
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private void UpdateCache(DesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot snapshot, DateTime writeTimeUtc, DateTime probeTimeUtc)
+    {
+        _cachedPath = _settingsPath;
+        _cachedSnapshot = snapshot.Clone();
+        _cachedWriteTimeUtc = writeTimeUtc;
+        _lastProbeUtc = probeTimeUtc;
+    }
+
+    private sealed class LegacyDesktopLayoutSettingsSnapshot
+    {
+        public int DesktopPageCount { get; set; } = 1;
+
+        public int CurrentDesktopSurfaceIndex { get; set; }
+
+        public List<DesktopComponentPlacementSnapshot>? DesktopComponentPlacements { get; set; }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/FileOperationRetryHelper.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/FileOperationRetryHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+internal static class FileOperationRetryHelper
+{
+    private static readonly TimeSpan[] RetryDelays =
+    [
+        TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(120),
+        TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250),
+        TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500)
+    ];
+
+    public static void CopyWithRetry(string sourceFilePath, string destinationFilePath, bool overwrite, string category)
+    {
+        Retry(
+            () => File.Copy(sourceFilePath, destinationFilePath, overwrite),
+            category,
+            $"Copy '{sourceFilePath}' -> '{destinationFilePath}'");
+    }
+
+    public static void MoveWithOverwriteRetry(string sourceFilePath, string destinationFilePath, string category)
+    {
+        Retry(
+            () => File.Move(sourceFilePath, destinationFilePath, overwrite: true),
+            category,
+            $"Move '{sourceFilePath}' -> '{destinationFilePath}'");
+    }
+
+    public static void DeleteFileWithRetry(string filePath, string category)
+    {
+        Retry(
+            () =>
+            {
+                if (File.Exists(filePath))
+                {
+                    File.Delete(filePath);
+                }
+            },
+            category,
+            $"Delete file '{filePath}'");
+    }
+
+    public static void DeleteDirectoryWithRetry(string directoryPath, bool recursive, string category)
+    {
+        Retry(
+            () =>
+            {
+                if (Directory.Exists(directoryPath))
+                {
+                    Directory.Delete(directoryPath, recursive);
+                }
+            },
+            category,
+            $"Delete directory '{directoryPath}'");
+    }
+
+    private static void Retry(Action action, string category, string operationDescription)
+    {
+        Exception? lastException = null;
+
+        for (var attempt = 0; attempt <= RetryDelays.Length; attempt++)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                action();
+                return;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) when (IsRetriable(ex))
+            {
+                lastException = ex;
+                if (attempt >= RetryDelays.Length)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                var delay = RetryDelays[attempt];
+                AppLogger.Warn(
+                    category,
+                    $"{operationDescription} failed on attempt {attempt + 1}. Retrying after {delay.TotalMilliseconds:0} ms.",
+                    ex);
+                Thread.Sleep(delay);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (lastException is not null)
+        {
+            throw lastException;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsRetriable(Exception exception)
+    {
+        return exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException;
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/GitHubReleaseUpdateService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/GitHubReleaseUpdateService.cs
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ public sealed class GitHubReleaseUpdateService : IDisposable
    private readonly string _owner;
    private readonly string _repo;
    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
+    private readonly ResumableDownloadService _downloadService;
    private readonly bool _ownsHttpClient;

    public GitHubReleaseUpdateService(
@@ -69,6 +70,8 @@ public sealed class GitHubReleaseUpdateService : IDisposable
            _ownsHttpClient = false;
        }

+        _downloadService = new ResumableDownloadService(_httpClient);
+
        if (!_httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.Any())
        {
            _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.ParseAdd("LanMountainDesktop-Updater/1.0");
@@ -187,59 +190,37 @@ public sealed class GitHubReleaseUpdateService : IDisposable
            return new UpdateDownloadResult(false, null, "Destination file path is empty.");
        }

-        try
+        var progressAdapter = progress is null
+            ? null
+            : new Progress<DownloadProgressInfo>(info => progress.Report(info.Progress));
+
+        var result = await _downloadService.DownloadAsync(
+            asset.BrowserDownloadUrl,
+            destinationFilePath,
+            new DownloadOptions(ExpectedSizeBytes: asset.SizeBytes > 0 ? asset.SizeBytes : null),
+            progressAdapter,
+            cancellationToken);
+
+        return result.Success
+            ? new UpdateDownloadResult(true, result.FilePath ?? destinationFilePath, null)
+            : new UpdateDownloadResult(false, null, result.ErrorMessage);
+    }
+
+    public async Task<GitHubReleaseInfo?> GetReleaseByTagAsync(
+        string tagName,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tagName))
        {
-            var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(destinationFilePath);
-            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(directory))
-            {
-                Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
-            }
-
-            using var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(
-                asset.BrowserDownloadUrl,
-                HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead,
-                cancellationToken);
-
-            if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
-            {
-                return new UpdateDownloadResult(
-                    false,
-                    null,
-                    $"HTTP {(int)response.StatusCode}: {response.ReasonPhrase}");
-            }
-
-            var contentLength = response.Content.Headers.ContentLength ??
-                                (asset.SizeBytes > 0 ? asset.SizeBytes : -1);
-
-            await using var sourceStream = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(cancellationToken);
-            await using var destinationStream = File.Create(destinationFilePath);
-
-            var buffer = new byte[81920];
-            long totalRead = 0;
-            int read;
-            while ((read = await sourceStream.ReadAsync(buffer, cancellationToken)) > 0)
-            {
-                await destinationStream.WriteAsync(buffer.AsMemory(0, read), cancellationToken);
-                totalRead += read;
-
-                if (contentLength > 0)
-                {
-                    progress?.Report(Math.Clamp(totalRead / (double)contentLength, 0d, 1d));
-                }
-            }
-
-            progress?.Report(1d);
-
-            return new UpdateDownloadResult(true, destinationFilePath, null);
-        }
-        catch (OperationCanceledException)
-        {
-            throw;
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            return new UpdateDownloadResult(false, null, ex.Message);
+            return null;
        }
+
+        var url =
+            $"https://api.github.com/repos/{_owner}/{_repo}/releases/tags/{Uri.EscapeDataString(tagName.Trim())}";
+        var responseText = await GetResponseTextAsync(url, cancellationToken);
+
+        using var document = JsonDocument.Parse(responseText);
+        return ParseRelease(document.RootElement);
    }

    private async Task<GitHubReleaseInfo?> GetLatestStableReleaseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/HostApplicationLifecycleService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/HostApplicationLifecycleService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
+
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public sealed class HostApplicationLifecycleService : IHostApplicationLifecycle
+{
+    public bool TryExit(HostApplicationLifecycleRequest? request = null)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            AppLogger.Info(
+                "HostLifecycle",
+                $"Exit requested. Source='{request?.Source ?? "Unknown"}'; Reason='{request?.Reason ?? string.Empty}'.");
+
+            if (Application.Current?.ApplicationLifetime is not IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
+            {
+                AppLogger.Warn("HostLifecycle", "Exit request ignored because desktop lifetime is unavailable.");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (Dispatcher.UIThread.CheckAccess())
+            {
+                desktop.Shutdown();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() => desktop.Shutdown(), DispatcherPriority.Send);
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("HostLifecycle", "Failed to exit the application.", ex);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool TryRestart(HostApplicationLifecycleRequest? request = null)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var startInfo = AppRestartService.CreateRestartStartInfo();
+            if (startInfo is null)
+            {
+                AppLogger.Warn(
+                    "HostLifecycle",
+                    $"Restart request rejected because restart start info could not be resolved. Source='{request?.Source ?? "Unknown"}'.");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Process.Start(startInfo);
+            var exitRequest = request is null
+                ? new HostApplicationLifecycleRequest(Reason: "Restart accepted.")
+                : request with
+                {
+                    Reason = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.Reason)
+                        ? "Restart accepted."
+                        : request.Reason
+                };
+
+            return TryExit(exitRequest);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("HostLifecycle", "Failed to restart the application.", ex);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/IAudioRecorderService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/IAudioRecorderService.cs
@@ -80,6 +80,19 @@ public static class AudioRecorderServiceFactory
    {
        return CreateRecorder();
    }
+
+    public static void DisposeSharedServices()
+    {
+        if (SharedRecorderService.IsValueCreated)
+        {
+            SharedRecorderService.Value.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        if (SharedStudyMonitoringService.IsValueCreated)
+        {
+            SharedStudyMonitoringService.Value.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
 }

 internal sealed class NoOpAudioRecorderService(string reason) : IAudioRecorderService
--- a/LanMountainDesktop/Services/ICalculatorDataService.cs
+++ b/LanMountainDesktop/Services/ICalculatorDataService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+namespace LanMountainDesktop.Services;
+
+public interface ICalculatorDataService
+{
+    string ApplyInputToken(string currentInput, string token);
+
+    decimal ParseAmountOrZero(string? inputText);
+
+    string FormatAmount(decimal amount, int maxFractionDigits = 4);
+}
+
+public static class CalculatorInputTokens
+{
+    public const string Clear = "AC";
+    public const string Backspace = "BACK";
+    public const string DecimalPoint = ".";
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
lincube	4679ee006f	0.5.20 我认为很稳定了，后面就要开始弄插件不稳定了	2026-03-12 12:25:22 +08:00
lincube	6952cb2c3e	0.5.19.1	2026-03-12 10:07:23 +08:00
lincube	d3356f3319	0.5.19 插件系统V2	2026-03-12 09:22:03 +08:00
lincube	57c5e41a5c	0.5.18	2026-03-12 00:34:49 +08:00
lincube	ce2b218dfa	0.5.17	2026-03-12 00:18:04 +08:00
lincube	efdfa68dab	0.5.16	2026-03-11 17:43:31 +08:00
lincube	87110f1d69	0.5.15 市场插件安装机制修复，然后修复了一大堆东西	2026-03-11 15:14:08 +08:00
lincube	e7a03404ce	0.5.14 二次启动拦截，统一了生命进程API	2026-03-11 09:40:36 +08:00
lincube	2781d7e0d9	0.5.13 插件市场安装优化	2026-03-11 06:38:11 +08:00
lincube	5003ff1be2	0.5.12	2026-03-10 21:25:47 +08:00
lincube	e1be072b97	0.5.11 插件市场UI优化	2026-03-10 16:35:43 +08:00
lincube	4df740e3df	0.5.10 多线程	2026-03-10 14:56:05 +08:00
lincube	85f7a18cbc	0.5.9 中文与插件市场	2026-03-10 12:14:49 +08:00
lincube	cdffaa16eb	0.5.8 插件市场	2026-03-10 09:55:49 +08:00
lincube	d33d8d3391	0.5.7 示例插件	2026-03-10 00:40:26 +08:00
lincube	9c89c08448	0.5.6 插件系统再进化	2026-03-10 00:04:33 +08:00
lincube	ec7b78bc63	0.5.5 现已支持更改关键设置时提醒重启功能	2026-03-09 22:26:42 +08:00
lincube	e97db00999	0.5.4 项目重启优化。	2026-03-09 17:54:49 +08:00
lincube	8bb6b01236	0.5.3 试验性引入渲染模式切换	2026-03-09 15:11:48 +08:00
lincube	103b215e35	0.5.2 后端服务支持	2026-03-09 14:14:50 +08:00
lincube	cab35f4c22	0.5.1 插件系统试验	2026-03-09 12:27:33 +08:00
lincube	c9f92a4755	0.5.0 设置优化	2026-03-08 14:00:13 +08:00
lincube	854deae801	0.4.12 模块化解耦	2026-03-08 04:22:19 +08:00
lincube	d72cd42483	0.4.11	2026-03-08 03:23:03 +08:00
lincube	3aee31c6c0	0.4.10 自习数据采样优化	2026-03-07 22:44:00 +08:00
lincube	435b96c50c	0.4.9.3 内存泄露问题解决	2026-03-07 22:05:18 +08:00
lincube	49b18d6af1	0.4.9.2	2026-03-07 19:59:28 +08:00
lincube	d6ec159af4	0.4.9.1 小修复	2026-03-07 17:25:29 +08:00
lincube	0d14675cc0	0.4.9 Linux相关版本适配	2026-03-07 00:58:52 +08:00
lincube	1f509959a9	0.4.8 百度热搜组件、凤凰新闻组件。	2026-03-06 22:24:59 +08:00
lincube	382d1baaf1	0.4.7 2×2英语单词组件，修复了stcn组件	2026-03-06 18:38:20 +08:00
lincube	72a0be16b3	0.4.6 引入了托盘菜单，提供了应用启动台隐藏应用功能，优化了自动刷新功能，为STCN 24组件提供了更多信息选项。	2026-03-06 10:32:02 +08:00
lincube	de40471af6	0.4.5 新增STCN 24组件，优化应用启动台，允许用户隐藏应用启动台图标。优化组件拖动排放。	2026-03-06 08:53:45 +08:00
lincube	5d35e0d21c	0.4.4 bilibili热搜组件	2026-03-06 00:29:40 +08:00
lincube	e917a1e4af	0.4.3fixed	2026-03-05 21:21:03 +08:00
lincube	b8643a2959	0.4.3 新增英语句子组件。优化央广网新闻组件，优化每日单词组件	2026-03-05 20:17:28 +08:00