feat.airapp运行时修改

LanMountainDesktop.Launcher/Program.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Avalonia;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Launcher.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Launcher.Shell;
@@ -8,6 +9,9 @@ public static class Program
     [STAThread]
     public static async Task<int> Main(string[] args)
     {
+        // 注册全局异常处理器，防止 async void / 未观察任务异常导致启动器崩溃并显示堆栈对话框
+        RegisterGlobalExceptionHandlers();
+
         var commandContext = CommandContext.FromArgs(args);
         var execution = LauncherExecutionContext.Capture();
         Logger.Initialize();
@@ -78,4 +82,38 @@ public static class Program
             .WithInterFont()
             .LogToTrace();
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 注册全局异常处理器，避免 async void（如 ErrorWindow 的复制按钮）抛出未捕获异常时
+    /// 触发 Windows 崩溃对话框显示堆栈跟踪，从而让用户看到无法理解的报错。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void RegisterGlobalExceptionHandlers()
+    {
+        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += (_, eventArgs) =>
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var exception = eventArgs.ExceptionObject as Exception
+                    ?? new Exception(eventArgs.ExceptionObject?.ToString() ?? "Unhandled exception.");
+                Logger.Error($"Launcher unhandled exception. IsTerminating={eventArgs.IsTerminating}.", exception);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // 全局处理器本身不能再抛出异常
+            }
+        };
+
+        TaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException += (_, eventArgs) =>
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                Logger.Error("Launcher unobserved task exception.", eventArgs.Exception);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // 忽略日志写入失败
+            }
+            eventArgs.SetObserved();
+        };
+    }
 }

LanMountainDesktop.Launcher/Shell/LauncherGuiCoordinator.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
 using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Launcher.Models;
@@ -424,6 +425,12 @@ internal static class LauncherGuiCoordinator
             ? parsedPid
             : (int?)null;
 
+        // 读取主程序崩溃转储，获取真实崩溃原因
+        var crashDump = ReadLatestHostCrashDump();
+
+        // 读取主程序 stderr 输出（来自启动器捕获）
+        var stderrOutput = ExtractHostStderr(result);
+
         await Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
         {
             try
@@ -438,8 +445,19 @@ internal static class LauncherGuiCoordinator
                     errorWindow.ConfigureForGenericFailure(allowRetry: true);
                 }
 
-                errorWindow.SetErrorMessage(
-                    $"Failed to start LanMountainDesktop.\n\nStage: {result.Stage}\nCode: {result.Code}\n\n{result.Message}");
+                var fullMessage = $"Failed to start LanMountainDesktop.\n\nStage: {result.Stage}\nCode: {result.Code}\n\n{result.Message}";
+
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(stderrOutput))
+                {
+                    fullMessage += $"\n\n--- Host Output ---\n{stderrOutput}";
+                }
+
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(crashDump))
+                {
+                    fullMessage += $"\n\n--- Host Crash Details ---\n{crashDump}";
+                }
+
+                errorWindow.SetErrorMessage(fullMessage);
                 errorWindow.Show();
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
@@ -464,6 +482,94 @@ internal static class LauncherGuiCoordinator
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 从 LauncherResult.Details 中提取主程序的 stderr 输出。
+    /// 启动器在 Direct 模式下会重定向主程序的 stderr 并存入 details。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static string? ExtractHostStderr(LauncherResult result)
+    {
+        // 优先使用 fallback 尝试的 stderr（因为 fallback 通常是 ShellExecute，stderr 不可用）
+        // 所以优先使用 firstAttemptStderr
+        var stderrKeys = new[] { "firstAttemptStderr", "fallbackAttemptStderr" };
+        foreach (var key in stderrKeys)
+        {
+            if (result.Details.TryGetValue(key, out var stderr) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(stderr))
+            {
+                // 限制长度避免错误窗口过长
+                var trimmed = stderr.Trim();
+                if (trimmed.Length > 2000)
+                {
+                    trimmed = trimmed.Substring(0, 2000) + "\n... (truncated)";
+                }
+                return trimmed;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 读取主程序最新的崩溃转储文件内容。
+    /// 主程序在崩溃时会写入 LocalApplicationData/LanMountainDesktop/crashes/ 目录。
+    /// 启动器读取最近 5 分钟内的崩溃转储，避免显示过时的崩溃信息。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static string? ReadLatestHostCrashDump()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var crashDir = Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
+                "LanMountainDesktop", "crashes");
+
+            if (!Directory.Exists(crashDir))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            // 优先读取 latest.txt 标记文件指向的崩溃转储
+            var latestMarker = Path.Combine(crashDir, "latest.txt");
+            string? targetCrashFile = null;
+
+            if (File.Exists(latestMarker))
+            {
+                var referencedPath = File.ReadAllText(latestMarker).Trim();
+                if (File.Exists(referencedPath))
+                {
+                    var fileInfo = new FileInfo(referencedPath);
+                    if (fileInfo.CreationTime > DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(-5))
+                    {
+                        targetCrashFile = referencedPath;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 回退：查找最近 5 分钟内的崩溃转储文件
+            if (targetCrashFile is null)
+            {
+                var recentCrash = Directory.GetFiles(crashDir, "crash-*.txt")
+                    .Select(f => new FileInfo(f))
+                    .Where(f => f.CreationTime > DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(-5))
+                    .OrderByDescending(f => f.CreationTime)
+                    .FirstOrDefault();
+
+                targetCrashFile = recentCrash?.FullName;
+            }
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(targetCrashFile) || !File.Exists(targetCrashFile))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var content = File.ReadAllText(targetCrashFile);
+            Logger.Info($"Read host crash dump: {targetCrashFile}");
+            return content;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Logger.Warn($"Failed to read host crash dump: {ex.Message}");
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
     private static async Task<bool> TryActivateExistingInstanceAsync()
     {
         var activation = await TryActivateExistingInstanceWithStatusAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)).ConfigureAwait(false);

LanMountainDesktop.Launcher/Startup/HostLaunchModels.cs

@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@ internal sealed record HostStartAttempt(
     string? FailureReason,
     string? PackageRoot,
     string? WorkingDirectory,
-    string? Arguments)
+    string? Arguments,
+    string? StderrOutput = null)
 {
     public int? ProcessId => Process?.Id;
 
-    public static HostStartAttempt Started(HostStartMode startMode, Process process, HostLaunchPlan plan) =>
+    public static HostStartAttempt Started(HostStartMode startMode, Process process, HostLaunchPlan plan, string? stderrOutput = null) =>
         new(
             startMode,
             true,
@@ -33,9 +34,10 @@ internal sealed record HostStartAttempt(
             null,
             plan.PackageRoot,
             plan.WorkingDirectory,
-            HostLaunchPlanBuilder.FormatArgumentsForLog(plan.Arguments));
+            HostLaunchPlanBuilder.FormatArgumentsForLog(plan.Arguments),
+            stderrOutput);
 
-    public static HostStartAttempt EarlyExit(HostStartMode startMode, Process process, int exitCode, HostLaunchPlan plan) =>
+    public static HostStartAttempt EarlyExit(HostStartMode startMode, Process process, int exitCode, HostLaunchPlan plan, string? stderrOutput = null) =>
         new(
             startMode,
             true,
@@ -45,9 +47,10 @@ internal sealed record HostStartAttempt(
             null,
             plan.PackageRoot,
             plan.WorkingDirectory,
-            HostLaunchPlanBuilder.FormatArgumentsForLog(plan.Arguments));
+            HostLaunchPlanBuilder.FormatArgumentsForLog(plan.Arguments),
+            stderrOutput);
 
-    public static HostStartAttempt StartFailed(HostStartMode startMode, string failureReason, HostLaunchPlan? plan = null) =>
+    public static HostStartAttempt StartFailed(HostStartMode startMode, string failureReason, HostLaunchPlan? plan = null, string? stderrOutput = null) =>
         new(
             startMode,
             false,
@@ -57,7 +60,8 @@ internal sealed record HostStartAttempt(
             failureReason,
             plan?.PackageRoot,
             plan?.WorkingDirectory,
-            plan is null ? null : HostLaunchPlanBuilder.FormatArgumentsForLog(plan.Arguments));
+            plan is null ? null : HostLaunchPlanBuilder.FormatArgumentsForLog(plan.Arguments),
+            stderrOutput);
 }
 
 internal sealed record HostLaunchOutcome(

LanMountainDesktop.Launcher/Startup/HostLaunchService.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Text;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Launcher.Models;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Launcher.Shell;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Launcher.Views;
@@ -232,8 +233,13 @@ internal sealed class HostLaunchService
             UseShellExecute = startMode == HostStartMode.ShellExecute
         };
 
+        // Direct 模式下重定向 stderr，捕获主程序崩溃时输出的诊断信息
+        var stderrBuilder = new StringBuilder();
         if (startMode == HostStartMode.Direct)
         {
+            startInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
+            startInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = false;
+
             foreach (var argument in plan.Arguments)
             {
                 startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(argument);
@@ -269,18 +275,37 @@ internal sealed class HostLaunchService
                 return HostStartAttempt.StartFailed(startMode, "process_start_returned_null", plan);
             }
 
+            // Direct 模式下异步读取 stderr，避免死锁并捕获主程序输出
+            if (startMode == HostStartMode.Direct)
+            {
+                process.ErrorDataReceived += (_, dataArgs) =>
+                {
+                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(dataArgs.Data))
+                    {
+                        stderrBuilder.AppendLine(dataArgs.Data);
+                        Logger.Warn($"Host stderr: {dataArgs.Data}");
+                    }
+                };
+                process.BeginErrorReadLine();
+            }
+
             // 等待一小段时间，检查进程是否立即退出
             await Task.Delay(500).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             if (process.HasExited)
             {
+                var stderrOutput = stderrBuilder.ToString();
                 Logger.Error($"CRITICAL: Host process exited immediately! ExitCode={process.ExitCode}; Path='{plan.HostPath}'");
                 Console.Error.WriteLine($"[CRITICAL] Host process exited immediately with code {process.ExitCode}");
-                return HostStartAttempt.StartFailed(startMode, $"process_exited_immediately_code_{process.ExitCode}", plan);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(stderrOutput))
+                {
+                    Logger.Error($"Host stderr captured before exit:\n{stderrOutput}");
+                }
+                return HostStartAttempt.StartFailed(startMode, $"process_exited_immediately_code_{process.ExitCode}", plan, stderrOutput);
             }
 
             Logger.Info($"Host process started successfully and is running. PID={process.Id}");
-            return HostStartAttempt.Started(startMode, process, plan);
+            return HostStartAttempt.Started(startMode, process, plan, stderrBuilder.ToString());
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
@@ -288,7 +313,7 @@ internal sealed class HostLaunchService
             Console.Error.WriteLine($"[CRITICAL] Host start failed: {ex.Message}");
             Console.Error.WriteLine($"[CRITICAL] Path: {plan.HostPath}");
             Console.Error.WriteLine($"[CRITICAL] Exception: {ex}");
-            return HostStartAttempt.StartFailed(startMode, ex.GetType().Name, plan);
+            return HostStartAttempt.StartFailed(startMode, ex.GetType().Name, plan, stderrBuilder.ToString());
         }
     }
 
@@ -319,6 +344,10 @@ internal sealed class HostLaunchService
             details["arguments"] = firstAttempt.Arguments ?? string.Empty;
             details["firstAttemptFailureReason"] = firstAttempt.FailureReason ?? string.Empty;
             details["firstAttemptExitCode"] = firstAttempt.ExitCode?.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(firstAttempt.StderrOutput))
+            {
+                details["firstAttemptStderr"] = firstAttempt.StderrOutput;
+            }
         }
 
         if (secondAttempt is not null)
@@ -331,6 +360,10 @@ internal sealed class HostLaunchService
             details["fallbackArguments"] = secondAttempt.Arguments ?? string.Empty;
             details["fallbackFailureReason"] = secondAttempt.FailureReason ?? string.Empty;
             details["fallbackExitCode"] = secondAttempt.ExitCode?.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(secondAttempt.StderrOutput))
+            {
+                details["fallbackAttemptStderr"] = secondAttempt.StderrOutput;
+            }
         }
 
         return details;

LanMountainDesktop.Launcher/Views/ErrorWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
 using Avalonia.Controls;
 using Avalonia.Input;
 using Avalonia.Input.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Interactivity;
 using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
 using FluentAvalonia.UI.Controls;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Launcher.Resources;
 using LanMountainDesktop.Launcher.Infrastructure;
@@ -235,6 +238,27 @@ public partial class ErrorWindow : Window
     {
         try
         {
+            // 优先打开主程序崩溃转储目录（最有诊断价值）
+            var crashDir = Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
+                "LanMountainDesktop", "crashes");
+            if (Directory.Exists(crashDir) && Directory.GetFiles(crashDir, "crash-*.txt").Length > 0)
+            {
+                OpenPath(crashDir);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // 其次打开主程序日志目录
+            var hostLogDir = Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
+                "LanMountainDesktop", "log");
+            if (Directory.Exists(hostLogDir) && Directory.GetFiles(hostLogDir).Length > 0)
+            {
+                OpenPath(hostLogDir);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // 回退到启动器日志文件
             var logFilePath = Logger.GetLogFilePath();
             if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(logFilePath) && File.Exists(logFilePath))
             {
@@ -251,6 +275,7 @@ public partial class ErrorWindow : Window
                 return;
             }
 
+            // 最后回退到配置目录
             var configDirectory = GetConfigBaseDirectory();
             if (Directory.Exists(configDirectory))
             {
@@ -259,7 +284,7 @@ public partial class ErrorWindow : Window
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            Debug.WriteLine($"[ErrorWindow] Failed to open log path: {ex}");
+            Logger.Warn($"Failed to open log path: {ex.Message}");
         }
 
         await Task.CompletedTask;
@@ -267,23 +292,105 @@ public partial class ErrorWindow : Window
 
     private async void OnCopyDetailsClick(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
     {
+        var button = sender as Button;
+        var originalContent = button?.Content;
         try
         {
-            var details = this.FindControl<TextBox>("ErrorDetailsTextBox")?.Text;
+            var details = GetDetailsText();
             if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(details))
             {
-                details = this.FindControl<TextBlock>("ErrorMessageText")?.Text;
+                ShowCopyFeedback(button, originalContent, false, "No content to copy");
+                return;
             }
 
             var clipboard = TopLevel.GetTopLevel(this)?.Clipboard;
-            if (clipboard is not null && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(details))
+            if (clipboard is null)
+            {
+                // 剪贴板不可用（窗口未激活/会话限制），写入临时文件作为兜底
+                var filePath = await WriteToTempFileAsync(details).ConfigureAwait(true);
+                ShowCopyFeedback(button, originalContent, true, $"Saved to {Path.GetFileName(filePath)}");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
             {
                 await clipboard.SetTextAsync(details);
+                ShowCopyFeedback(button, originalContent, true, "Copied");
+            }
+            catch (Exception clipboardEx)
+            {
+                // 剪贴板服务异常（组策略/RDP 限制等），写入临时文件兜底
+                Logger.Warn($"Clipboard SetTextAsync failed: {clipboardEx.Message}. Falling back to temp file.");
+                var filePath = await WriteToTempFileAsync(details).ConfigureAwait(true);
+                ShowCopyFeedback(button, originalContent, true, $"Saved to {Path.GetFileName(filePath)}");
             }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            Debug.WriteLine($"[ErrorWindow] Failed to copy diagnostics: {ex}");
+            Logger.Error("Failed to copy diagnostics.", ex);
+            try
+            {
+                var details = GetDetailsText();
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(details))
+                {
+                    await WriteToTempFileAsync(details).ConfigureAwait(true);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception fallbackEx)
+            {
+                Logger.Warn($"Temp file fallback also failed: {fallbackEx.Message}");
+            }
+            ShowCopyFeedback(button, originalContent, false, "Copy failed");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GetDetailsText()
+    {
+        var details = this.FindControl<TextBox>("ErrorDetailsTextBox")?.Text;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(details))
+        {
+            details = this.FindControl<TextBlock>("ErrorMessageText")?.Text;
+        }
+        return details ?? string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<string> WriteToTempFileAsync(string content)
+    {
+        var tempDir = Path.GetTempPath();
+        var fileName = $"LanDesktopError_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.txt";
+        var path = Path.Combine(tempDir, fileName);
+        await File.WriteAllTextAsync(path, content, Encoding.UTF8).ConfigureAwait(false);
+        Logger.Info($"Error details written to temp file: {path}");
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    private void ShowCopyFeedback(Button? button, object? originalContent, bool success, string message)
+    {
+        if (button is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            button.Content = message;
+            button.IsEnabled = false;
+            DispatcherTimer.RunOnce(() =>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    button.Content = originalContent;
+                    button.IsEnabled = true;
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    // 窗口可能已关闭，忽略
+                }
+            }, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // 忽略反馈失败
         }
     }
 

LanMountainDesktop/App.axaml.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
@@ -1861,11 +1862,17 @@ public partial class App : Application
             AppLogger.Info(
                 "PublicIpc",
                 $"Public IPC host started successfully. PipeName='{IpcConstants.DefaultPipeName}'; Version='{versionInfo.Version}'; Codename='{versionInfo.Codename}'.");
+
+            // IPC 初始化成功后清除失败标记文件
+            TryClearIpcFailureMarker();
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
             AppLogger.Error("PublicIpc", "CRITICAL: Failed to initialize public IPC host. Launcher will not be able to connect to this process.", ex);
 
+            // 写入 IPC 失败标记文件，启动器可检测该文件感知 IPC 失败
+            TryWriteIpcFailureMarker(ex);
+
             // 尝试通过标准错误输出告知启动器
             try
             {
@@ -1879,6 +1886,54 @@ public partial class App : Application
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 写入 IPC 初始化失败标记文件，供启动器检测主程序 IPC 不可用的情况。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void TryWriteIpcFailureMarker(Exception ex)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var markerDir = Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
+                "LanMountainDesktop", "diagnostics");
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(markerDir);
+            var markerPath = Path.Combine(markerDir, ".ipc-init-failed");
+            var content = $"{DateTime.Now:O}\nPID={Environment.ProcessId}\nException={ex.GetType().FullName}\nMessage={ex.Message}\nStackTrace={ex.StackTrace}";
+            File.WriteAllText(markerPath, content, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
+            AppLogger.Info("PublicIpc", $"IPC failure marker written to {markerPath}");
+        }
+        catch (Exception markerEx)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                AppLogger.Warn("PublicIpc", "Failed to write IPC failure marker.", markerEx);
+            }
+            catch { /* best effort */ }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// IPC 初始化成功后清除失败标记文件。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void TryClearIpcFailureMarker()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var markerPath = Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
+                "LanMountainDesktop", "diagnostics", ".ipc-init-failed");
+            if (File.Exists(markerPath))
+            {
+                File.Delete(markerPath);
+                AppLogger.Info("PublicIpc", "Cleared stale IPC failure marker.");
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // 清除失败不影响主流程
+        }
+    }
+
     private IReadOnlyList<PublicPluginDescriptor> BuildPublicPluginDescriptors()
     {
         var runtime = _pluginRuntimeService;

LanMountainDesktop/Program.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Avalonia;
 using LanMountainDesktop.DesktopHost;
@@ -13,6 +16,9 @@ public sealed class Program
 {
     internal static string StartupRenderMode { get; private set; } = AppRenderingModeHelper.Default;
 
+    private const string DisablePatchersEnvVar = "LAN_DESKTOP_DISABLE_PATCHERS";
+    private const string DisableRenderRetryEnvVar = "LAN_DESKTOP_DISABLE_RENDER_RETRY";
+
     [STAThread]
     public static void Main(string[] args)
     {
@@ -30,10 +36,12 @@ public sealed class Program
         var diagnostics = StartupDiagnosticsService.Run(args);
         StartupDiagnosticsService.ShowLegacyExecutableWarningIfNeeded(diagnostics);
 
+        var attemptedRenderModes = new List<string>();
         try
         {
             var renderMode = LoadConfiguredRenderMode();
             StartupRenderMode = renderMode;
+            attemptedRenderModes.Add(renderMode);
             AppLogger.Info("Startup", $"Resolved render mode '{renderMode}'.");
             LoadChromePatchState();
             InstallChromePatchersIfNeeded();
@@ -43,6 +51,29 @@ public sealed class Program
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
             AppLogger.Critical("Startup", "Application terminated during startup.", ex);
+            WriteCrashDump(ex, StartupRenderMode);
+
+            // 渲染模式安全降级：若失败且未禁用重试，且当前不是软件渲染，则用软件渲染重试一次
+            if (ShouldRetryWithSoftwareRendering(StartupRenderMode, ex) &&
+                !attemptedRenderModes.Contains(AppRenderingModeHelper.Software))
+            {
+                AppLogger.Warn("Startup", $"Retrying startup with Software rendering mode (previous='{StartupRenderMode}').");
+                StartupRenderMode = AppRenderingModeHelper.Software;
+                try
+                {
+                    BuildAvaloniaApp(AppRenderingModeHelper.Software)
+                        .StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(args);
+                    AppLogger.Info("Startup", "Application exited normally after Software render retry.");
+                    return;
+                }
+                catch (Exception retryEx)
+                {
+                    AppLogger.Critical("Startup", "Software render retry also failed.", retryEx);
+                    WriteCrashDump(retryEx, AppRenderingModeHelper.Software);
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
+
             throw;
         }
     }
@@ -129,6 +160,14 @@ public sealed class Program
 
     private static void InstallChromePatchersIfNeeded()
     {
+        // 紧急关闭开关：设置环境变量 LAN_DESKTOP_DISABLE_PATCHERS=1 可跳过所有 patcher 安装
+        // 用于诊断 patcher 导致启动崩溃的问题
+        if (Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(DisablePatchersEnvVar) == "1")
+        {
+            AppLogger.Warn("Startup", $"Chrome patchers skipped by environment variable '{DisablePatchersEnvVar}=1'.");
+            return;
+        }
+
         if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
         {
             return;
@@ -152,6 +191,133 @@ public sealed class Program
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 判断是否应该用软件渲染重试。当异常看起来与渲染相关（GPU/驱动/平台初始化），
+    /// 且当前渲染模式不是软件渲染，且未通过环境变量禁用重试时返回 true。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static bool ShouldRetryWithSoftwareRendering(string currentRenderMode, Exception ex)
+    {
+        if (string.Equals(currentRenderMode, AppRenderingModeHelper.Software, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(DisableRenderRetryEnvVar) == "1")
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // 渲染相关异常的特征关键字（覆盖 Avalonia Compositor / GPU / Vulkan / Wgl / Angle 等）
+        var message = (ex.Message ?? string.Empty) + " " + (ex.GetType().FullName ?? string.Empty);
+        var renderedKeywords = new[]
+        {
+            "render", "gpu", "vulkan", "wgl", "angle", "egl", "opengl",
+            "compositor", "surface", "swapchain", "driver", "directx",
+            "Win32PlatformOptions", "RenderingMode"
+        };
+
+        foreach (var keyword in renderedKeywords)
+        {
+            if (message.IndexOf(keyword, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Avalonia 初始化阶段抛出的 TypeLoadException / InvalidOperationException 也尝试降级
+        if (ex is InvalidOperationException or TypeLoadException or TypeInitializationException)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 将崩溃信息写入崩溃转储文件，供启动器读取并展示给用户。
+    /// 文件位于 LocalApplicationData/LanMountainDesktop/crashes/ 目录下。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static void WriteCrashDump(Exception ex, string renderMode)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var crashDir = Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.LocalApplicationData),
+                "LanMountainDesktop", "crashes");
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(crashDir);
+
+            var crashFile = Path.Combine(crashDir, $"crash-{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.txt");
+
+            var sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.AppendLine($"Time: {DateTime.Now:O}");
+            sb.AppendLine($"RenderMode: {renderMode}");
+            sb.AppendLine($"ProcessId: {Environment.ProcessId}");
+            sb.AppendLine($"OS: {Environment.OSVersion}");
+            sb.AppendLine($"OSArchitecture: {System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture}");
+            sb.AppendLine($".NET: {Environment.Version}");
+            sb.AppendLine($"WorkingDirectory: {Environment.CurrentDirectory}");
+            sb.AppendLine($"BaseDirectory: {AppContext.BaseDirectory}");
+            sb.AppendLine();
+            sb.AppendLine($"Exception Type: {ex.GetType().FullName}");
+            sb.AppendLine($"Exception Message: {ex.Message}");
+            sb.AppendLine();
+            sb.AppendLine("Stack Trace:");
+            sb.AppendLine(ex.StackTrace ?? "<no stack trace>");
+            sb.AppendLine();
+
+            if (ex.InnerException is not null)
+            {
+                sb.AppendLine("Inner Exception:");
+                sb.AppendLine($"  Type: {ex.InnerException.GetType().FullName}");
+                sb.AppendLine($"  Message: {ex.InnerException.Message}");
+                sb.AppendLine($"  Stack Trace:");
+                sb.AppendLine(ex.InnerException.StackTrace ?? "<no stack trace>");
+            }
+
+            // 保留最近的崩溃转储（最多 10 个），避免无限增长
+            CleanupOldCrashDumps(crashDir);
+
+            File.WriteAllText(crashFile, sb.ToString(), System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
+            AppLogger.Info("Startup", $"Crash dump written to {crashFile}");
+
+            // 同时写入一个 latest 标记文件，方便启动器快速定位
+            var latestMarker = Path.Combine(crashDir, "latest.txt");
+            File.WriteAllText(latestMarker, crashFile, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
+        }
+        catch (Exception dumpEx)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                AppLogger.Warn("Startup", "Failed to write crash dump.", dumpEx);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // best effort
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void CleanupOldCrashDumps(string crashDir)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var files = Directory.GetFiles(crashDir, "crash-*.txt")
+                .Select(f => new FileInfo(f))
+                .OrderByDescending(f => f.CreationTime)
+                .Skip(10)
+                .ToArray();
+            foreach (var file in files)
+            {
+                try { file.Delete(); }
+                catch { /* 忽略单个文件删除失败 */ }
+            }
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            // 清理失败不影响主流程
+        }
+    }
+
     private static void RegisterGlobalExceptionLogging()
     {
         AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += (_, eventArgs) =>
@@ -164,6 +330,12 @@ public sealed class Program
                 $"Unhandled exception. IsTerminating={eventArgs.IsTerminating}",
                 exception);
 
+            // 运行时未处理异常也写入崩溃转储，供启动器读取
+            if (eventArgs.IsTerminating)
+            {
+                WriteCrashDump(exception, StartupRenderMode);
+            }
+
             try
             {
                 TelemetryServices.Crash?.CaptureUnhandledException(