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feat.文档完善
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719
docs/01-插件开发/03-API参考/01-IPlugin接口.md
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719
docs/01-插件开发/03-API参考/01-IPlugin接口.md
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# IPlugin 接口详解
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`IPlugin` 是所有插件的入口接口,定义了插件的基本信息和生命周期方法。
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## 接口定义
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```csharp
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namespace LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
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/// <summary>
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/// 插件接口
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/// </summary>
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public interface IPlugin
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// 插件唯一标识符
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/// 建议使用反向域名格式,如:com.example.myplugin
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/// </summary>
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string Id { get; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 插件显示名称
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/// </summary>
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string Name { get; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 插件版本号
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/// 应遵循语义化版本规范(如:1.2.3)
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/// </summary>
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string Version { get; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 插件初始化
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/// 在插件加载后调用,用于注册组件、服务和事件
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="context">插件上下文</param>
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/// <returns>异步任务</returns>
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Task InitializeAsync(IPluginContext context);
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/// <summary>
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/// 插件关闭
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/// 在插件卸载前调用,用于清理资源和保存状态
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/// </summary>
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/// <returns>异步任务</returns>
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Task ShutdownAsync();
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}
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```
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## 属性详解
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### Id
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**类型**: `string`
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**说明**: 插件的全局唯一标识符,必须在所有插件中唯一。
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**命名规范**:
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- 使用反向域名格式:`com.company.pluginname`
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- 只包含小写字母、数字、点号和连字符
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- 不能以数字或连字符开头
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**示例**:
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```csharp
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public string Id => "com.example.weatherplugin";
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```
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**最佳实践**:
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```csharp
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// ✅ 好的示例
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"com.example.weatherplugin"
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"io.github.username.todoplugin"
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"org.myorganization.monitorplugin"
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// ❌ 不好的示例
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"WeatherPlugin" // 不是反向域名格式
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"com.example.Weather Plugin" // 包含空格
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"123.example.plugin" // 以数字开头
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```
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### Name
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**类型**: `string`
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**说明**: 插件的显示名称,会在 UI 中展示给用户。
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**要求**:
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- 简洁明了,不超过 20 个字符
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- 可以包含中文、英文、空格
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- 不要包含版本号
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**示例**:
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```csharp
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public string Name => "天气插件";
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```
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**最佳实践**:
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```csharp
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// ✅ 好的示例
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"天气插件"
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"待办事项"
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"系统监控"
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// ❌ 不好的示例
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"天气插件 v1.0" // 包含版本号
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"The Best Weather Plugin" // 过长且夸张
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```
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### Version
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**类型**: `string`
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**说明**: 插件的版本号,应遵循[语义化版本](https://semver.org/lang/zh-CN/)规范。
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**格式**: `主版本号.次版本号.修订号`
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**规则**:
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- **主版本号**: 不兼容的 API 修改
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- **次版本号**: 向下兼容的功能性新增
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- **修订号**: 向下兼容的问题修正
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**示例**:
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```csharp
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public string Version => "1.2.3";
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```
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**版本示例**:
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```csharp
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"1.0.0" // 首个稳定版本
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"1.1.0" // 添加新功能,兼容 1.0.0
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"1.1.1" // 修复 Bug,兼容 1.1.0
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"2.0.0" // 不兼容的 API 变更
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```
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## 方法详解
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### InitializeAsync
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**签名**:
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```csharp
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Task InitializeAsync(IPluginContext context);
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```
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**说明**: 插件加载后立即调用,用于初始化插件、注册组件和服务。
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**参数**:
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- `context`: 插件上下文,提供对宿主服务的访问
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**返回值**: 异步任务
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**调用时机**:
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- 宿主启动时,所有插件发现后
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- 插件热重载时
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**执行要求**:
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- ✅ 应该快速完成(< 5 秒)
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- ✅ 耗时操作应放在后台线程
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- ✅ 应该处理所有可能的异常
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- ❌ 不要阻塞 UI 线程
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**典型实现**:
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```csharp
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public async Task InitializeAsync(IPluginContext context)
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{
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try
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{
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// 1. 保存上下文引用
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_context = context;
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_logger = context.Logger;
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_settings = context.Settings;
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// 2. 记录日志
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_logger.LogInformation($"{Name} v{Version} is initializing...");
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// 3. 注册组件
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RegisterComponents(context);
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// 4. 注册设置页
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RegisterSettingsPage(context);
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// 5. 注册服务
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RegisterServices(context);
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// 6. 订阅事件
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SubscribeEvents(context);
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// 7. 耗时初始化(后台执行)
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_ = Task.Run(async () =>
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{
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await InitializeDataAsync();
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});
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_logger.LogInformation($"{Name} initialized successfully");
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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context.Logger.LogError(ex, $"Failed to initialize {Name}");
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throw; // 让宿主知道初始化失败
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}
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}
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private void RegisterComponents(IPluginContext context)
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{
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var registry = context.Services.GetService<IComponentRegistry>();
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if (registry != null)
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{
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registry.RegisterComponent<WeatherComponent>();
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registry.RegisterComponent<ClockComponent>();
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}
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}
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private void RegisterSettingsPage(IPluginContext context)
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{
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var settingsRegistry = context.Services
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.GetService<ISettingsPageRegistry>();
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if (settingsRegistry != null)
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{
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settingsRegistry.RegisterPage(
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title: "天气插件",
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category: "插件",
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pageFactory: () => new WeatherSettingsPage()
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);
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}
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}
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private void RegisterServices(IPluginContext context)
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{
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// 注册插件内部服务
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_weatherService = new WeatherService(_settings, _logger);
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}
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private void SubscribeEvents(IPluginContext context)
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{
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var eventBus = context.Services.GetService<IEventBus>();
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if (eventBus != null)
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{
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eventBus.Subscribe<ThemeChangedEvent>(OnThemeChanged);
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}
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}
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private async Task InitializeDataAsync()
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{
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// 加载缓存数据
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await LoadCachedDataAsync();
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// 预加载资源
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await PreloadResourcesAsync();
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}
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```
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**错误处理**:
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp
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public async Task InitializeAsync(IPluginContext context)
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{
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||||
try
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{
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// 初始化代码
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}
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catch (FileNotFoundException ex)
|
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{
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context.Logger.LogError(ex, "Required file not found");
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throw new PluginInitializationException(
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"插件初始化失败:缺少必需文件",
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ex
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);
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}
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catch (UnauthorizedAccessException ex)
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{
|
||||
context.Logger.LogError(ex, "Permission denied");
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||||
throw new PluginInitializationException(
|
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"插件初始化失败:权限不足",
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ex
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
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context.Logger.LogError(ex, "Unexpected error during initialization");
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||||
throw;
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||||
}
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||||
}
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||||
```
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||||
### ShutdownAsync
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||||
**签名**:
|
||||
```csharp
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||||
Task ShutdownAsync();
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
**说明**: 插件卸载前调用,用于清理资源、保存状态和取消订阅。
|
||||
|
||||
**返回值**: 异步任务
|
||||
|
||||
**调用时机**:
|
||||
- 宿主应用关闭时
|
||||
- 插件被禁用时
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||||
- 插件热重载前
|
||||
|
||||
**执行要求**:
|
||||
- ✅ 必须快速完成(< 3 秒)
|
||||
- ✅ 必须捕获所有异常,不能抛出
|
||||
- ✅ 应该取消所有异步操作
|
||||
- ✅ 应该释放所有资源
|
||||
- ❌ 不要执行耗时操作
|
||||
|
||||
**典型实现**:
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp
|
||||
public async Task ShutdownAsync()
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||||
{
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
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||||
_logger?.LogInformation($"{Name} is shutting down...");
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||||
|
||||
// 1. 取消正在进行的操作
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||||
_cancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
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||||
|
||||
// 2. 取消事件订阅
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||||
UnsubscribeEvents();
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||||
|
||||
// 3. 保存关键状态
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||||
SaveState();
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||||
|
||||
// 4. 停止后台服务
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||||
await StopBackgroundServicesAsync();
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||||
|
||||
// 5. 释放资源
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||||
DisposeResources();
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||||
|
||||
_logger?.LogInformation($"{Name} shutdown completed");
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 记录但不抛出异常
|
||||
_logger?.LogError(ex, $"Error during {Name} shutdown");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
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||||
|
||||
private void UnsubscribeEvents()
|
||||
{
|
||||
var eventBus = _context?.Services.GetService<IEventBus>();
|
||||
if (eventBus != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
eventBus.Unsubscribe<ThemeChangedEvent>(OnThemeChanged);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private void SaveState()
|
||||
{
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 保存关键状态到设置
|
||||
_settings?.SetValue("LastShutdownTime", DateTime.Now);
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogWarning(ex, "Failed to save state");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private async Task StopBackgroundServicesAsync()
|
||||
{
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (_weatherService != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
await _weatherService.StopAsync();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogWarning(ex, "Failed to stop services");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private void DisposeResources()
|
||||
{
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
_cancellationTokenSource?.Dispose();
|
||||
_weatherService?.Dispose();
|
||||
_httpClient?.Dispose();
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogWarning(ex, "Failed to dispose resources");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**超时处理**:
|
||||
|
||||
宿主会监控 `ShutdownAsync` 的执行时间:
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp
|
||||
// 宿主代码(伪代码)
|
||||
var shutdownTask = plugin.ShutdownAsync();
|
||||
var completedTask = await Task.WhenAny(
|
||||
shutdownTask,
|
||||
Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5))
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
if (completedTask != shutdownTask)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger.LogWarning($"Plugin {plugin.Name} shutdown timeout");
|
||||
// 强制终止
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
所以插件应该确保快速完成:
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp
|
||||
public async Task ShutdownAsync()
|
||||
{
|
||||
using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
|
||||
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
await ShutdownInternalAsync(cts.Token);
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (OperationCanceledException)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogWarning("Shutdown cancelled due to timeout");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 完整示例
|
||||
|
||||
### 最小实现
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp
|
||||
using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
|
||||
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace MyPlugin;
|
||||
|
||||
public class Plugin : IPlugin
|
||||
{
|
||||
public string Id => "com.example.minimalplugin";
|
||||
public string Name => "Minimal Plugin";
|
||||
public string Version => "1.0.0";
|
||||
|
||||
public Task InitializeAsync(IPluginContext context)
|
||||
{
|
||||
context.Logger.LogInformation($"{Name} initialized");
|
||||
return Task.CompletedTask;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public Task ShutdownAsync()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return Task.CompletedTask;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 完整实现
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp
|
||||
using LanMountainDesktop.PluginSdk;
|
||||
using LanMountainDesktop.Shared.Contracts;
|
||||
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
|
||||
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace MyPlugin;
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 天气插件
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
public class WeatherPlugin : IPlugin
|
||||
{
|
||||
// === 插件信息 ===
|
||||
|
||||
public string Id => "com.example.weatherplugin";
|
||||
public string Name => "天气插件";
|
||||
public string Version => "1.2.3";
|
||||
|
||||
// === 私有字段 ===
|
||||
|
||||
private IPluginContext? _context;
|
||||
private ILogger? _logger;
|
||||
private ISettingsService? _settings;
|
||||
private CancellationTokenSource? _cancellationTokenSource;
|
||||
private WeatherService? _weatherService;
|
||||
|
||||
// === 生命周期方法 ===
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 插件初始化
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
public async Task InitializeAsync(IPluginContext context)
|
||||
{
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 保存引用
|
||||
_context = context;
|
||||
_logger = context.Logger;
|
||||
_settings = context.Settings;
|
||||
_cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
|
||||
|
||||
_logger.LogInformation(
|
||||
"{PluginName} v{Version} is initializing...",
|
||||
Name,
|
||||
Version
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
// 注册组件
|
||||
RegisterComponents(context);
|
||||
|
||||
// 注册设置页
|
||||
RegisterSettingsPage(context);
|
||||
|
||||
// 初始化服务
|
||||
_weatherService = new WeatherService(
|
||||
_settings,
|
||||
_logger,
|
||||
_cancellationTokenSource.Token
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
// 订阅事件
|
||||
SubscribeToHostEvents(context);
|
||||
|
||||
// 后台初始化
|
||||
_ = Task.Run(async () =>
|
||||
{
|
||||
await InitializeBackgroundAsync();
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
_logger.LogInformation(
|
||||
"{PluginName} initialized successfully",
|
||||
Name
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
await Task.CompletedTask;
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
context.Logger.LogError(
|
||||
ex,
|
||||
"Failed to initialize {PluginName}",
|
||||
Name
|
||||
);
|
||||
throw;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 插件关闭
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
public async Task ShutdownAsync()
|
||||
{
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogInformation(
|
||||
"{PluginName} is shutting down...",
|
||||
Name
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
// 取消异步操作
|
||||
_cancellationTokenSource?.Cancel();
|
||||
|
||||
// 取消订阅
|
||||
UnsubscribeFromHostEvents();
|
||||
|
||||
// 保存状态
|
||||
SaveState();
|
||||
|
||||
// 停止服务
|
||||
if (_weatherService != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
await _weatherService.StopAsync();
|
||||
_weatherService.Dispose();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 释放资源
|
||||
_cancellationTokenSource?.Dispose();
|
||||
|
||||
_logger?.LogInformation(
|
||||
"{PluginName} shutdown completed",
|
||||
Name
|
||||
);
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogError(
|
||||
ex,
|
||||
"Error during {PluginName} shutdown",
|
||||
Name
|
||||
);
|
||||
// 不抛出异常
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// === 私有方法 ===
|
||||
|
||||
private void RegisterComponents(IPluginContext context)
|
||||
{
|
||||
var registry = context.Services
|
||||
.GetService<IComponentRegistry>();
|
||||
|
||||
if (registry != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
registry.RegisterComponent<WeatherComponent>();
|
||||
_logger?.LogDebug("WeatherComponent registered");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private void RegisterSettingsPage(IPluginContext context)
|
||||
{
|
||||
var settingsRegistry = context.Services
|
||||
.GetService<ISettingsPageRegistry>();
|
||||
|
||||
if (settingsRegistry != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
settingsRegistry.RegisterPage(
|
||||
title: Name,
|
||||
category: "插件",
|
||||
pageFactory: () => new WeatherSettingsPage(
|
||||
_settings!,
|
||||
_logger!
|
||||
)
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
_logger?.LogDebug("Settings page registered");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private void SubscribeToHostEvents(IPluginContext context)
|
||||
{
|
||||
var eventBus = context.Services.GetService<IEventBus>();
|
||||
if (eventBus != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
eventBus.Subscribe<ThemeChangedEvent>(OnThemeChanged);
|
||||
_logger?.LogDebug("Subscribed to host events");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private void UnsubscribeFromHostEvents()
|
||||
{
|
||||
var eventBus = _context?.Services.GetService<IEventBus>();
|
||||
if (eventBus != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
eventBus.Unsubscribe<ThemeChangedEvent>(OnThemeChanged);
|
||||
_logger?.LogDebug("Unsubscribed from host events");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private async Task InitializeBackgroundAsync()
|
||||
{
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 加载缓存数据
|
||||
await _weatherService!.LoadCacheAsync();
|
||||
|
||||
// 预加载天气数据
|
||||
var defaultCity = _settings!.GetValue("DefaultCity", "北京");
|
||||
await _weatherService.FetchWeatherAsync(defaultCity);
|
||||
|
||||
_logger?.LogInformation("Background initialization completed");
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogError(ex, "Background initialization failed");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private void OnThemeChanged(ThemeChangedEvent evt)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogInformation(
|
||||
"Theme changed to: {Theme}",
|
||||
evt.NewTheme
|
||||
);
|
||||
// 响应主题变更
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private void SaveState()
|
||||
{
|
||||
try
|
||||
{
|
||||
_settings?.SetValue("LastShutdownTime", DateTime.Now);
|
||||
_logger?.LogDebug("State saved");
|
||||
}
|
||||
catch (Exception ex)
|
||||
{
|
||||
_logger?.LogWarning(ex, "Failed to save state");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 常见问题
|
||||
|
||||
### Q: InitializeAsync 可以执行多久?
|
||||
|
||||
**A**: 建议在 5 秒内完成。超时可能导致宿主启动缓慢。耗时操作应放在后台线程。
|
||||
|
||||
### Q: 可以在构造函数中初始化吗?
|
||||
|
||||
**A**: 不建议。构造函数应该非常轻量,只初始化字段。所有初始化逻辑应在 `InitializeAsync` 中。
|
||||
|
||||
### Q: ShutdownAsync 可以不实现吗?
|
||||
|
||||
**A**: 必须实现,但可以是空实现。如果有资源需要清理,必须在此方法中处理。
|
||||
|
||||
### Q: 如果 InitializeAsync 失败会怎样?
|
||||
|
||||
**A**: 插件会被标记为"加载失败",不会被激活,但不影响其他插件。
|
||||
|
||||
### Q: 可以访问其他插件的服务吗?
|
||||
|
||||
**A**: 不建议在 `InitializeAsync` 中访问,因为加载顺序不确定。应该在运行时通过服务定位器获取。
|
||||
|
||||
## 相关文档
|
||||
|
||||
- [IPluginContext 详解](02-IPluginContext.md) - 插件上下文
|
||||
- [插件生命周期](../02-核心概念/01-插件生命周期.md) - 生命周期详解
|
||||
- [创建第一个插件](../01-快速开始/02-创建第一个插件.md) - 实战教程
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user